Titler
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Evidence from Estate Sales due to Sudden DeathAndersen, Steffen; Meisner Nielsen, Kasper (Frederiksberg, 2013)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We exploit a natural experiment in Denmark to investigate when forced sales lead to fire sale discounts. Forced sales result from sudden deaths of house owners in an institutional environment in which beneficiaries are forced to settle the estate, and hence sell the house, within 12 months. We identify 6,329 forced sales by suddenly deceased house owners, and find that forced sales bring in lower prices than do comparable houses as the deadline winds down: We find no discounts for sales long before the deadline, and discounts of 12.5% for sales shortly before the deadline. Market conditions and the urgency of the sale also affect the average discount: Discounts are larger when house prices contract, in thin markets where demand is lower, and when the sale is more likely to be a fire sale because of financial or liquidity constraints. Late fire sales are more likely when the house price is in the loss domain suggesting that disposition effects play a role in explaining discounts. We establish these results using (i) a hedonic pricing model, and (ii) the tax authorities’ yearly assessments of value as benchmark for realized prices. Overall, our results characterize market conditions under which forced sales lead to fire sale discounts. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8838 Filer i denne post: 1
Andersen_Meisner Nielsen.pdf (286.7Kb) -
Håkanson, Lars (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Based on a social-constructivist conceptualization of knowledge as residing in groups of practitioners, epistemic communities, this paper proposes a new perspective on the knowledge based view of the firm and sketches the outline of a new research agenda. It argues that the cost of governing knowledge processes depends as much on the cognitive background of the exchange partners as on the tacitness of the knowledge. Firms exist because they may form epistemic communities in their own right with enabling and motivational properties superior to those of markets in the governance of knowledge processes across epistemic boundaries. Establishing a firm as an epistemic community requires transaction specific investments that are difficult to realize under market forms of governance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6534 Filer i denne post: 1
wp4-2008.pdf (121.6Kb) -
Laursen, Keld, Volker, Per Mahnke, Vejrup-Hansen (Frederiksberg, 1999)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Although there are several theories of growth of the firm, the literature is limited in two interrelated respects. First, empirical evidence does not match well theoretical predictions. Second, the firm growth literature does not address the structure of knowledge both in firms and sectors as well as knowledge flows between them. Based on existing theoretical and empirical literature, the paper outlines an ‘appreciative’ theory of firm growth and presents new testable hypotheses to inform present and future empirical research. The paper seeks to address this gap by analysing not only levels of human capital, but also its composition both on a firm and sector level. A key departure from earlier approaches is the inclusion of the role of ‘knowledge structures’ played in the growth of the firm. In this context make a distinction between (a) levels of human capital available to firms, (b) the composition of various kinds of human capital (‘firm- specific’, ‘industry-specific’, and ‘general knowledge’) contained, and (c) the diversity of knowledge domains represented to characterise the knowledge structure of firms. In addition, we present our first empirical results, using the knowledge structure approach. In the first part of our empirical analysis we find – while controlling for intial size and industry affiliation – that the availability of a high fraction of employees with higher education within each establishment (an aspect of ‘general kowledge’), is in general conducive to establishment growth. In the second part of the empirical analysis, we find important sectoral differences with respect to the ability of the level of formal education to explain firms growth. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8086 Filer i denne post: 1
8778730813.pdf (145.9Kb) -
Laursen, Keld; Vejrup-Hansen, Per (Frederiksberg, 1999)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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The Role of Competition and of the Initial Firm Efficiency. Evidence from the Czech Republicla Cour, Lisbeth; Ionascu, Delia (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: It has been argued that the effect of competition on a company’s incentive to innovate and to reduce managerial slack depends on the initial level of efficiency. For example, while firms close to the technology frontier invest more in innovation if competition increases, backward firms reduce innovation. On a panel data of Czech companies, for the years 1993-2005, we empirically assess the impact of increased competition on firm productivity and the importance of the initial firm efficiency level. We depart from the empirical literature on emerging markets by taking into account both domestic and foreign competition. In line with the theory, our results show that there is an inverted U-relationship between domestic competition and firm productivity. Our results also confirm that trade liberalization has a positive impact on productivity. However, the effect is less significant if domestic competition is not taken into account. In addition, we find that both domestic and foreign competition have an effect on productivity in companies close to the technology frontier but not in backward companies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7653 Filer i denne post: 1
wp9-2007.pdf (2.398Mb) -
[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper argues that Austrian economics allow us to identify a number of weak spots in the modern economics of organization. Thus, neither the dispersion of tacit and subjectively knowledge in organizations, nor the entrepreneurial discovery process are comprehensively treated in this body of thought. Thinking about these issues in the context of the firm leads to a different, but perhaps complementary perspective on economic organization. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8097 Filer i denne post: 1
8778730570.pdf (106.7Kb) -
Some Austrian InsightsFoss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 1998)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Glazer, Amihai; Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper develops a theory of consumer boycotts. Some consumers care not only about the products they buy but also about whether the firm behaves ethically. Other consumers do not care about the behavior of the firm but yet may like to give the impression of being ethical consumers. Consequently, to affect a firm’s ethical behavior, moral consumers refuse to buy from an unethical firm. Consumers who do not care about ethical behavior may join the boycott to (falsely) signal that they do care. In the firm’s choice between ethical and unethical behavior, the optimality of mixed and pure strategies depends on the cost of behaving ethically. In particular, when the cost is (relatively) low, ethical behavior arises from a prisoners’ dilemma as the firm’s optimal strategy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7706 Filer i denne post: 1
dp 2008-08.pdf (225.8Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 1996)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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A theoretical probe into the borderland of Business Studies and Development StudiesHansen, Michael W.; Schaumburg-Müller, Henrik (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Business studies and development studies have evolved relatively independently of each other – business studies occupied with profit maximizing strategies and the activities of entrepreneurs, firms and value chains, and development studies with economic, social and political development strategies of countries and regions. However, as more and more of the world’s value-adding activities take place in developing countries and as MNCs increasingly incorporate developing countries’ markets and resources in their strategies, business studies has taken a growing interest in the particular conditions of local and foreign firms doing business in such environments. Simultaneously, as the limitations of state led development strategies have become apparent and as market ideology has become prevalent in a growing number of countries, development studies has directed growing attention towards the role of entrepreneurship, firm strategy, private sector development and foreign direct investment as vehicles for economic and social development. In other words, both fields approach business in development from different sides. This paper seeks to identify themes related to the firm in developing countries as taken up by both business and development studies. We suggest the themes of common interest and potential convergence to be those of market failures, institutions, entrepreneurship, clusters, and firm internationalization. The paper illustrates that there are substantial opportunities for cross-fertilization between the two bodies of academic enquiry, and indeed, that without a conversation between the two literatures in the era of globalization, the analytical and predictive power of both may be seriously impaired. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6756 Filer i denne post: 1
wps-2007_no.5.pdf (500.0Kb) -
Framing Research Collaboration Through ScreensBjørn Vedel, Jane (København, 2011)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In recent years, research collaboration between academic and corporate scientists has become a matter of concern for policy makers as well as research managers in academia and industry. Often, both in public research policies and in university and company strategies, science-industry collaboration has been presented as a catalyst for advancing science for the benefit of society as well as for the involved collaborators. The same policies and strategies, however, often emphasize that science-industry collaboration is difficult and demanding due to inherent and often incommensurable differences between the respective goals and processes of academia and industry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8561 Filer i denne post: 1
Jane-Vedel-2011.pdf (257.8Kb) -
Østrup, Finn (København, 2005)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The article analyses how government spending is determined under different exchange rate regimes in the context of a small open economy. Assuming nominal wage contracts which last for one period and assuming a benevolent government which determines government spending to optimise a representative individual’s utility, it is demonstrated that there are differences between exchange rate regimes with respect to the level of government spending. These differences arise first because a rise in government spending affects macroeconomic variables differently under different exchange rate regimes, and second because the government’s inclination to expand government spending is affected by inflation which depends on the exchange rate regime. At low rates of inflation, the government is inclined to set a higher level of government spending under a fixed exchange rate regime than under a floating exchange rate regime in which the monetary authority optimises preferences which include an employment target and an inflation target. As government spending affects the representative individual’s utility, the choice of exchange rate regime has an impact on welfare. Keywords: exchange rate regimes; fiscal policy; monetary union; inflation targeting. JEL classicification: E42, E61, E62, F33. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7140 Filer i denne post: 1
endeligt_wp_2005-1.pdf (290.0Kb) -
An Organizational Change PerspectiveM Burton, Richard; Lauridsen, Jørgen; Obel, Børge (Odense, 1999)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We present the concept of organizational misfit as a complement to multi-contingency theory fit concepts for organizational performance. Firms with misfits have opportunity losses that firms without misfits do not suffer. Using data from 232 small and medium sized Danish firms, we confirm the hypotheses that firms with either or both situational and contingency misfits have lower performance increases than firms without misfits. Further, a firm may not obtain increased performance from the elimination of misfits piecemeal, but will obtain significant nonlinear positive increases when misfits are fixed within a holistic or systems approach. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8130 Filer i denne post: 1
8791023009.pdf (2.604Mb) -
Lund-Thomsen, Peter (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Et aktør-netværksteoretisk ledelsesstudie af politiske evalueringsreformers betydning for ledelse i den danske folkeskoleGylling Olesen, Kristian (Frederiksberg, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Med en række evalueringsreformer har danske politikere siden sen-80´erne forsøgt at gøre op med lærernes autonome undervisning for at få lærere til gennem evalueringer at forbedre elevernes læring. I 90´erne blev der bl.a. introduceret frivillige kvalitetsprogrammer og teamarbejde, og i 00´erne fulgte nationale læringsmål, -test og skriftlige elevplaner. Mere indflydelse til skolelederen er blevet set som et politisk svar på, hvordan evalueringsreformerne kan blive gennemført ude i skolerne, så eleverne lærer mere. Samtidig har den evidensbaserede skoleledelsesforskning givet en række svar på, hvilke generelle ledelsespraktikker og succesfulde personlighedstræk hos skoleledere der kan fremme elevernes læring og faglige udbytte i folkeskolen. Ifølge denne ph.d.-afhandling er den politiske og evidensbaserede forståelse af skoleledelse for entydig. Afhandlingen argumenterer i stedet for, at skoleledelse ikke opstår entydigt eller klart, når politikerne introducerer nye evalueringsreformer i folkeskolen. Der er snarere tale om, at skoleledelse opstår forskelligt og med skiftende aktører – skoleledelse emergerer flertydigt. I lokale kontekster spiller en række forhold ind og får betydning for, hvem der leder hvem, hvordan, hvor og hvornår. Ud fra et toårigt studie i to folkeskoler på den københavnske vestegn og med brug af aktør-netværksteori undersøger afhandlingen, hvordan forskelligt praktisk udstyr og taktiske manøvrer ud fra lokale dagsordner oversætter de politiske evalueringsreformer ude i skolerne, og hvad disse oversættelser betyder for flertydig og emergerende ledelse. Skolerne, som i afhandlingen bliver kaldt ABC Skolen og Byskolen, er blevet undersøgt med interviews, fotos og logs samt observationer. Afhandlingen er en artikelafhandling, som består af tre videnskabelige artikler udarbejdet på engelsk og en dansk ramme, der introducerer afhandlingen, præsenterer baggrundsanalyser, reviewer dansk og international skoleledelseslitteratur, udvikler ledelsesanalytik og metodisk setup samt præsenterer analysestrategiske valg og foretager en samlende konklusion. Den teoretiske inspiration kommer primært fra aktør-netværksteori (Bruno Latour, Michel Callon og John Law). Samtidig inddrager afhandlingen Mats Alvesson og Andrew Spicers (2010) flertydighedscentrerede ledelsesanalytik samt postbureaukratisk ledelsesteori, teori om evaluering og læringsledelse samt teori om ledelse med social kapital. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8979 Filer i denne post: 1
Kristian_Gylling_Olesen.pdf (4.044Mb) -
Melatos, Mark; Dunn, Stephanie (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: A key characteristic of any trade bloc is its “flexibility” – the extent to which it can be modified or augmented by existing members. This paper investigates how prospective trade bloc members value the flexibility of proposed trade agreements in a changing trading environment. We demonstrate that country characteristics as well as the nature of the trade shock influence a nation’s desire for trade bloc flexibility. Our model of endogenous coalition formation yields predictions that are consistent with three stylized facts which characterize regionalism: (i) overlapping trade agreements, (ii) the popularity of free trade areas relative to customs unions and (iii) renegotiation or disbandment of existing trade agreements is rare. Finally, for the first time in the literature, we provide clear predictions about the identity of “hub” and “spoke” trade bloc members when overlapping free trade areas arise in equilibrium. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8069 Filer i denne post: 1
wp2-2010.pdf (192.9Kb) -
Koskela, Erkki; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In European Welfare States, low-skilled workers are typically unionized, while the wage formation of high-skilled workers is more competitive. To focus on this aspect, we analyze how flexible international outsourcing and labour taxation affect wage formation, employment and welfare in dual domestic labour markets. Higher productivity of outsourcing, lower cost of outsourcing and lower factor price of outsourcing increase wage dispersion between the high-skilled and low-skilled workers. Increasing wage tax progression of low-skilled workers decreases the wage rate and increases the labour demand of low-skilled workers. It decreases the welfare of lowskilled workers and increases both the welfare of high-skilled workers and the profit of firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7696 Filer i denne post: 1
dp 2008-15.pdf (183.1Kb) -
Smith, Mark; Leschke, Janine; Villa, Paola (Brussels, 2017)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: ‘Flexicurity’ is a controversial concept but at the core is the delicate balancing act between matching labour market security and flexibility. Labour market flexibility is usually captured by contractual flexibility but can also relate to internal flexibility through adaptation of working time. On the security side there is i) job security’ commonly measured through the strictness of employment protection legislation (EPL) ii) employment security provided by active labour market policies or life-long learning and iii) income or social security. In recent years European countries have seen a trend from job security to employment security with limited focus on social security. The challenge of matching security and flexibility is key to young people’s effective and sustainable integration in the labour market. As such policies labelled as ‘flexicurity’ have, in principle, much to offer young people. However, the implementation of flexibility and security policies have tilted towards flexibility, with heightened risks for young people starting work on flexible contracts. This project conducted a comprehensive exploration of policy and outcomes on the flexibility-security interface for young people. Firstly, we identified the institutional configurations and related outcomes for young people across EU countries. Secondly, we assessed the early labour market experiences of youth with a specific focus on the quality of their employment and the impact of the parental household. Thirdly, we analysed the impact of configurations of “flexicurity” policies on young people’s objective and subjective insecurity and their well-being. Finally, we explored developments in employment policy making before, during and after the crisis with a particular focus on ‘flexicurity’ and youth. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9567 Filer i denne post: 1
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Obed Madsen, Søren (Frederiksberg, 2012)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Although a strategy, in theory, should help the organization to move in the same direction by showing a direction for the organization, in practice the strategy increases the number of possible paths, as managers translate the strategy into their own context. This increases the number of strategies in the organization, and it becomes difficult to get an overview of the interaction and relationships between the translated strategies. The managers distinguish between the different parts of the strategy, such as the abstract words or intention, and the concrete as targets and projects. Managers use the various parts of the strategy in different contexts, but still speak about "strategy" even if they have changed dimension like the words and KPIs. Another dimension is that the managers also perceive the strategy as correct, but irrelevant, which is linked to their distinction between the abstract and the concrete in the strategy. The abstract dimension is perceived as being true, while the effet of the strategy may be irrelevant for certain managers. The strategy is also used as documentation for senior management intentions. This allows other players to gain insight into top management's thinking, take 2 countermeasures, resist in an elegant way, or just prepare to argue his case within the logic of the strategy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8591 Filer i denne post: 1
Søren_Obed_Madsen.pdf (158.3Kb) -
Om kulturel produktion på Roskilde FestivalMunkgård Pedersen, Kristine (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The dissertation explores how cultural production is unfolding at Roskilde Festival – the biggest music- and culture festival in Denmark. The overall question being adressed is how the festival is assembled. The question is explored through four subquestions related to the cultural expressions, identity and materiality of the festival. The first part of the dissertation investigates the specificity of the festival’s audience- based culture. The symbolic and historical connections between the festival and the 1960s’ cultural activism is argued to be of an importance to the socioaesthetics, performed jointly by audience as well as performers. The dissertation further investigates how the identity of the festival is being negotiated between a number of different commercial and cultural actors: sponsors, volunteers and artists among others. The many different economic and cultural practices and values converge when the festival ground is being transformed from anonymous space to festival space embracing both cultural and commercial content. In this regard the dissertation investigates how the valuebased economic logics of subcultural production is debated and negotiated during the pratices of materializing space. It is argued that the complexity of the festival identity adds to the credibility of the festival and its many different producers. The second part of the dissertation is a socio-material analysis of two festival projects. One is the hybrid festival area Cosmopol, the other is the Orange Stage area. The analyses are based on a research agenda developed by the Actor- Network-Theory (ANT) which explores how ideas are materialised through proceses of interaction, translation and involvement. The explorations explain how subcultural attitudes, practices of transgression and oppositional identity are distributed through an ephemeral network of actors including humans (volunteers, artists, performers) and things (scenes, art works, graffiti, pictures and music) which forge performative alliances with the festival audience. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8058 Filer i denne post: 1
Kristine_Munkgaard_Pedersen.pdf (17.24Mb)