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Lotz, Maja (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Afhandlingen ”The Business of Co-creation – and the Co-creation of Business” handler om, hvorledes danske produktionsvirksomheder tackler globaliserings udfordringer og muligheder gennem udviklingen af nye former for sam-skabende arbejdsorganiseringspraksisser. Studiet udforsker hvordan disse arbejdsorganiseringspraksisser bliver sam-skabt, (og hvad de sam-skaber) gennem en empirisk analyse af de arbejdsroller og fællesskaber, som muliggør sam-skabelsen af dem. Og omvendt, hvilke arbejdsroller og fællesskaber, der bliver muliggjort indenfor disse organisatoriske praksisser. På baggrund af kvalitative case studier i syv danske virksomheder analyseres specifikt, hvordan disse ”nye” måder at organisere arbejdet på er baseret på evnen til at samarbejde (og rivalisere) i, og mellem mange forskellige fællesskaber. Der ses endvidere på evnen til kontinuerligt at redefinere og rekombinere arbejdsroller og øvrige organisatoriske ressourcer mod øget vækst (menneskelig såvel som organisatorisk). Et andet træk ved disse arbejdsorganiseringspraksisser er, at autoritet og viden er distribueret lateralt, og at sam-skabelsesprocesserne mellem organisatoriske medlemmer er baseret på evnen til både at tro og tvivle på det man gør. Det vil sige på evnen til at tro og tvivle på eksisterende praksisser, hvilket er en forudsætning for kontinuerligt at kunne forbedre dem. Afhandlingen udforsker de menneskelige og organisatoriske praksisser og dynamikker, der knytter sig til disse samskabelses-processer blandt organisatoriske medlemmer. Det vil sige blandt både medarbejdere, ledere, kunder, leverandører og øvrige organisatoriske partnere indenfor nutidens arbejdsliv i danske produktionsvirksomheder, der opererer globalt. Afhandlingens empiriske undersøgelse er teoretisk informeret af en diskussion og reformulering af tre sociologiske grundbegreber: arbejdsorganisation, roller og fællesskab. De tre begreber redefineres relationelt, og udgør tilsammen afhandlingens analytiske perspektiv. Et perspektiv der sigter efter at videreudvikle forståelsen af de sam-skabende relationer mellem de tre begreber blandt organisatoriske medlemmer. Hermed søger afhandlingen at forstå nutidige virksomhedsdynamikker og -udfordringer ved at rette blikket mod samspillet mellem arbejdsroller, fællesskaber og arbejdsorganiseringspraksisser på et hverdagsligt mikro-niveau. Afhandlingens overordnede bidrag er at vise, hvordan samspillet mellem disse tre analytiske dimensioner (byggesten) faciliterer samskabelsen af arbejdsorganisatoriske praksisser med evnen til både at tro og tvivle på det man gør - for dermed kontinuerligt at skabe innovation (work organizing practices of belief and doubt). Med andre ord praksisser som fordi organisatoriske medlemmer både tror på det de gør, men også stiller spørgsmål til deres arbejdsrutiner og handlemønstre, rummer evnen til at forandre og forbedre deres arbejdspraksisser (eks. arbejdsrutiner, roller, fællesskaber, koordineringsmønstre etc.) gennem kontinuerlig re-kombination og refleksive sam-skabelsesprocesser. Et andet bidrag er at identificere karakteren af de arbejdsroller, der muliggør sam-skabelsen af disse arbejdsorganiseringspraksisser. Analysen viser at arbejdsrollerne i de case studier der studeres typisk kombinerer dimensionerne ”planlægning” og ”udførelse” på et hverdagsligt plan, og opererer som trans-aktionelle rutiner, der giver adgang til mangeartede ressourcer blandt organisatoriske medlemmer. Analysen viser også, at arbejdsrollerne ikke er predefinerede, men at de forhandles og transformeres løbende gennem sam-skabende fællesskaber, der åbner op for kontinuerlige læreprocesser. Et tredje bidrag er at indkredse karakteren og betydningen af de fællesskaber, der faciliterer arbejdsorganiseringspraksisser baseret på både tro og tvivl. Analysen illustrerer at fællesskab blandt organisatoriske medlemmer typisk erfares som en praktisk logik ”of connecting” bundet op omkring et fælles mål, at fællesskab (fællesskabelse) er både mulighedsskabende og begrænsende, og at det åbner op for læring og emotionel energi. Disse fællesskaber giver anledning til multiple rolledannelser. Analysen viser desuden, at fællesskaber på jobbet folder sig ud på mange organisatoriske niveauer, og derfor overskrider traditionelle bureaukratiske organisatoriske skel. Afhandlingens fjerde overordnede bidrag er at vise, hvordan danske produktionsvirksomheder gennem kontinuerlig reorganisering af deres arbejdspraksisser (samt arbejdsroller og fællesskaber) har formået at skabe både menneskelig og organisatoriske vækst. Ved at belyse samspillet mellem arbejdsroller, fællesskaber og arbejdsorganiseringspraksisser giver afhandlingen empirisk indblik i, hvordan disse organiseringspraksisser bidrager til sam-skabelsen af såkaldte ”lærende organisationsformer”. På den måde øger afhandlingen vores viden om indholdet af denne organisationsform, og dens rolle for danske produktionsvirksomheders evne til kontinuerligt at transformere sig, og udvikle nye konkurrencestærke organisatoriske praksisser for produktion, organisering og innovation i en mere og mere globaliseret verden. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7805 Files in this item: 1
maja_lotz.pdf (3.594Mb) -
Pedersen, Torben; Thomsen, Steen (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
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Abstract: In using the Bakhtinian dialogic approach, this paper examines the microscopic interaction of three artists, two art buyers and one gallery sales executive in Singapore. The importance of galleries, as go-betweens for artists and art buyers is acknowledged in art world research. This paper however looks at the interactional levels and identifies social mechanisms that shape art buying and selling behavior. Despite the possibility of skipping galleries in acquiring art, the commercial art gallery absorbs the “emotional costs” of buying and selling art. Commercial art galleries create and maintain glamourized image of the artist; this image can be destroyed when art buyers go back stage and visit the artist. The clashes of expectations and social contexts when artists and art buyers transact can be avoided when the transaction is done through the commercial gallery. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8053 Files in this item: 1
48-Ooi-Buying_and_selling_art.pdf (225.9Kb) -
a brief story of India's software industry and policy implicationsPatibandla, Murali; Kapur, Deepak; Petersen, Bent (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
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Mahnke, Volker (København, 1997)[More information][Less information]
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Bramming, Pia (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article is about how a constructivist observation of development within Human Resource Management (HRM) opens the possibility for communicating about development in the language of possibility, seen in contrast to a language of deficiency. HRM is discussed as a paradoxical development concept, where the paradoxical consists in that when one focuses upon a proactive development ideal from a linear development understanding, one develops regressively, directly counter to one’s intentions. In this article two observation dimensions are developed, as well as two dimensions of how to cope with development on the background of the constructivist observation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6708 Files in this item: 1
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Rose, Caspar (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: It has been advocated within corporate governance that institutional investors may discipline management in listed firms and thereby alleviate the free rider problem associated with dispersed ownership. This article tests this hypothesis using a sample of Danish listed firms during 1998-2001 seeking to determine, whether ownership by institutional investors impacts performance, measured by Tobin’s q. Using three stage least squares, it is shown that aggregate ownership by institutional investors does not influence firm performance. However, when decomposing the results, it is found that joint ownership by the largest two Danish institutional investors, has a significant negative impact on firm performance. Ownership by banks, and to a lesser, extent insurance companies significantly influences firm performance positively. The results somehow challenge the conventional wisdom, arguing that the black box view of institutional investors should be abandoned. Therefore, it is suggested that a more careful analysis should be devoted to each institutional investor’s own legal environment. JEL Classification: L25, G2 and G3 Keywords: Corporate governance, institutional investors, concentrated ownership, agency costs URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7728 Files in this item: 1
caninstitutional[1].pdf (148.3Kb) -
The Rebirth of Production in the Theory of Economic OrganizationFoss, Nicolai J.; Langlois, Richard N. (Frederiksberg, 1997)[More information][Less information]
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the Rebirth of Production in the Theory of Economic OrganizationJ. Foss, Nicolai; N. Langlois, Richard (Connecticut, 1997)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We argue that since Coase’s seminal 1937 paper on “The Nature of the Firm,” there has been an odd and unjustified separation between price theory and the economics of organization. For example, matters of production has been the domain of the former exclusively. However, a new approach to economic organization, here called “the capabilities approach,” that places production center-stage in the explanation of economic organization, is now emerging. We discuss the sources of this approach and its relation to the mainstream economics of organization. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8116 Files in this item: 1
8778730201.pdf (206.4Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 1996)[More information][Less information]
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Abstract: The arguably dominant approaches to the study of interfirm relations are the capabilities and organizational economics perspectives. This paper discusses their merits and weaknesses, concentrating on the capabilities perspective, which is argued to rest on rather weak foundations, particularly as a theory of economic organization (including interfirm relations). However, it is suggested that both perspectives may be seen as part of an overarching bargaining approach to economic organization (yet to be developed). Both perspectives have identified impediments to efficient bargaining. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8088 Files in this item: 1
8778730775.pdf (99.93Kb) -
On Some Problems in Recent ResearchOn Inter-firm RelationsFoss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 1999)[More information][Less information]
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Fuest, Clemens; Huber, Bernd; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Recent years have seen large swings in house prices in many countries. Motivated by housing price variations, proposals for taxing capital gains on housing have repeatedly been put forth. The idea seems to be that such taxes would curb the redistribution occurring between those owning houses and those trying to get into the market for owner-occupied housing. Our paper shows that at least in simple settings, a tax on real capital gains on housing will only lead to even bigger price swings and will not be able to redistribute between people appearing on either side of the housing market. Keywords: capital gains tax, housing market, price fluctuations JEL-Classification: H23, H24, R 31. Addresses: URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7640 Files in this item: 1
wpec162004.pdf (178.3Kb) -
Huizinga, Harry; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Europe has seen several proposals for tax coordination only in the area of capital income taxation, leaving countries free to adjust their labor taxes. The expectation is that higher capital income tax revenues would cause countries to reduce their labor taxes. This paper shows that such changes in the mix of capital and labor taxes brought on by capital income tax coordination can potentially be welfare reducing. This reflects that in a non-cooperative equilibrium capital income taxes may be more distorting from an international perspective than are labor income taxes. Simulations with a simple model calibrated to EU public finance data suggest that countries indeed lower their labor taxes in response to higher coordinated capital income taxes. The overall welfare effects of capital income tax coordination, however, are estimated to remain positive. JEL Classification: F20, H87 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7582 Files in this item: 1
wp24-2005.pdf (343.7Kb) -
Dietrich, J. Kimball; Wihlborg, Clas (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We investigate the effect of changes in capital regulation on the strictness (leniency) of loan terms using a simple model of bank capital requirements and asset quality examinations. Banks offer different levels of "leniency" in the sense of willingness to offer automatic extensions of loans in the presence of temporary payment difficulties of borrowers. Banks offering lenient (less strict) loan terms must have higher initial levels of capital and charge higher loan rates. When capital requirements are increased, both strict and lenient banks hold higher levels of initial capital and they raise loan rates. As capital requirements increase the difference between initial capital levels and between interest rates of strict and lenient banks decrease. Thus, higher capital requirements in recessions tend to reduce the interest rate premium paid for leniency. If a recession is interpreted as an increase in the required return, the interest rate premium paid for leniency is increased in recession at a given level of required capital. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6804 Files in this item: 1
wplefic082003.pdf (364.4Kb) -
Inference from the Business CycleRose Skaksen, Jan; Sørensen, Anders (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The relative demand for skills has increased considerably in many OECD countries during recent decades. This development is potentially explained by capital-skill complementarity and high growth rates of capital equipment. When production functions are characterized by capital-skill complementarity, relative wages and employment of skilled labor are countercyclical because capital equipment is a quasi- fixed factor in the short run. The exact behavior of the two variables depends on relative wage flexibility. Relative wages are rigid in Denmark, implying that the employment share of skills should be countercyclical. The labor market is competitive in the United States and therefore relative wages of skilled labor are expected to be countercyclical. We find that the business cycle development of the two economies is consistent with capital-skill complementarity. Keywords: capital-skill complementarity, relative wages, business cycle URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7537 Files in this item: 1
wpec102004.pdf (313.9Kb) -
Model choice and volatility calibrationBajlum, Claus; Tind Larsen, Peter (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: When identifying relative value opportunities across credit and equity markets, the arbitrageur faces two major problems, namely positions based on model misspeci cation and mismeasured inputs. Using credit default swap data, this paper addresses both concerns in a convergence-type trading strategy. In spite of dierences in assumptions governing default and calibration, we nd the exact structural model linking the markets second to timely key inputs. Studying an equally-weighted portfolio of all relative value positions, the excess returns are insigni cant when based on a traditional volatility from historical equity returns. However, relying on an implied volatility from equity options results in a substantial gain in strategy execution and highly signi cant excess returns - even when small gaps are exploited. The gain is largest in the speculative grade segment, and cannot be explained from systematic market risk factors. Although the strategy may seem attractive at an aggregate level, positions on individual obligors can be very risky. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7196 Files in this item: 1
ssrn-id956839.pdf (424.3Kb) -
Juul Andersen, Torben (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Previous research found that capital structure affects performance when it is adapted to the level of environmental dynamism and pursuit of an innovation strategy. The current study reproduces some of these relationships in a more recent dataset but also identifies significant nuances across industrial environments. Analyses of a large cross sectional sample and various industry sub-samples suggest that other factors have influenced capital structure effects in recent years including flexibilities in multinational organization and effective strategic risk management capabilities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7440 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2005-002.pdf (601.2Kb) -
A Longitudinal Study of Corporate and Organisational Identity DynamicsKjærgaard, Annemette; Morsing, Mette (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Research on identity has raised attention to the importance for managers to align corporate and organisational identity, and to express those identity features that are central, distinct and enduring to strengthen corporate image and reputation among a variety of stakeholders. Drawing from an extensive data collection from two longitudinal studies in the same organisation, Oticon A/S, this study challenges the advantage of an enduring corporate identity by exploring how the dynamics between an organisation’s corporate identity and its organisational identity unfolded over time. Following a grounded theoretical approach, a process model is developed to show how the strong corporate identity fluctuated from being productive for the alignment of organisational identity and member identification to being counterproductive during a period of ten years. The paper discusses the implications of endurance of a strong corporate identity, and contrary to prior research we suggest that a strong corporate identity may result in member disidentification. We also suggest that a strong enduring corporate identity may impede organisational development, because top management will disappoint external and internal audiences if a corporate identity change is suggested. The paper concludes by encouraging more longitudinal research to advance knowledge about the complex dynamics of interplay between corporate and organisational identity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6451 Files in this item: 1
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from Think Aloud to Participatory AnalysisNielsen, Janni (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Think Aloud is cost effective, promises access to the user’s mind and is the applied usability technique. But "keep talking" is difficult, besides, the multimodal interface is visual not verbal. Eye-tracking seems to get around the verbalisation problem. It captures the visual focus of attention. However, it is expensive, obtrusive and produces huge amount of data. Besides, eye-tracking do not give access to user’s mind. Capturing interface/cursor tracking may be cost effective. It is easy to install, data collection is automatic and unobtrusive and replaying the captured recording to the user and probing about her actions and thoughts open for participatory analysis. Keywords usability test, cost effective, unobtrusive, TA, eye and cursor tracking, user experience, participatory analysis URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6501 Files in this item: 1
14-2004.pdf (347.6Kb)