Titler
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Towards a More Nuanced Perspective on Motivation in OrganizationsReinholt, Mia (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The organizational science literature on motivation has for long been polarized into two main positions; the organizational economic position focusing on extrinsic motivation and the organizational behavior position emphasizing intrinsic motivation. With the rise of the knowledge economy and the increasing levels of complexities it entails, such polarization is not fruitful in the attempt to explain motivation of organizational members. This paper claims that a more nuanced perspective on motivation, acknowledging the co-existence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the possible interaction between the two as well as different types of motivations filling in the gap between the two polar types, is urgently needed in the organizational science literature. By drawing on the research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation conducted in social psychology and combining this with contributions from organizational science, economics, and sociology, this paper attempts to develop an emergent understanding of motivation, which is more facetted than the one dominating organizational science currently. Based on these discussions, eleven implications for future research on motivation in organizations are proposed. Keywords: Work motivation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, motivation systems, and the knowledge economy JEL Codes: M12, M52, M54 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7456 Filer i denne post: 1
smg 2006-49.pdf (301.2Kb) -
Hvidt, Morten; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2000)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Andersen, Steffen; Harrison, Glenn W.; Hole, Arne Risa; Rutström, E. Elisabet (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We develop an extension of the familiar linear mixed logit model to allow for the direct estimation of parametric non-linear functions defined over structural parameters. A classic application is the estimation of coefficients of utility functions to characterize risk attitudes. There are several unexpected benefits of this extension, apart from the ability to directly estimate structural parameters of theoretical interest. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8171 Filer i denne post: 1
wp4-2010.pdf (174.4Kb) -
Andersen, Steffen; Harrison, Glenn W.; Hole, Arne Risa; Rutström, E. Elisabet (, 2009)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Experimental data exhibit considerable individual heterogeneity. We review the econometric methods employed to characterize that heterogeneity. We pay particular attention to the trade-off between collecting and allowing for observable characteristics, such as the familiar demographics, and the use of statistical methods to allow for unobserved individual heterogeneity. We demonstrate that these tools are complementary. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7802 Filer i denne post: 1
wp2009-6.pdf (420.1Kb) -
The Emergence of a Transnational Elite In and Around Foreign-based Headquarters of MNCsSmith, Irene Skovgaard; Poulfelt, Flemming (, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Within international management it has become somewhat of an aspirational ideal that a truly global corporation should have no national home base (Ghemawat 2011). MNCs should transcend their national administrative heritage and become ‘placeless’ and stateless transnationals by moving their main global headquarters to neutral and strategically relevant locations (Birkinshaw, Braunerhjelm, Holm & Terjesen 2006). In practice, most MNCs and their main headquarters still remain firmly rooted in their home countries (Ghemawat, 2011; Strauss-Kahn & Xavier, 2009). However, there are indications that many MNCs are moving in the direction of a growing dispersion of headquarter activities with the use of foreign-based divisional and regional headquarters (Barner-Rasmussen, Piekkari & Björkman 2007; Benito, Lunnan & Tomassen 2011; Birkinshaw et al. 2006, Forsgren, Holm & Johanson 1995). The number of European Regional Headquarters for instance has increased by 76% over the past decade alone and a similar rise can be observed in the Asia-Pacific region (Nell et al. 2011). Today most headquarters are located in developed countries but going forward the number being placed in emerging countries is predicted to increase (McKinsey Global Institute, 2013). Regional or divisional headquarters are organizational units with a formal mandate to manage a region or a division within the MNC’s global structure, here termed foreign-based headquarters. They are often located in central, technologically advanced, internationallyoriented, metropolitan hubs where other MNC headquarters are similarly located, where there is easy access to major airports with direct flights across the globe and an international work force. In this paper we explore how the transnational professionals who manage and staff such foreign-based headquarters, develop a sense of community and identity based on an idea of being non-national which is closely linked with the ‘placelessness’ of the organizations in which they work. As such the paper aims to contribute to new perspectives on global elites in the context of MNCs addressing the sub-theme call for submissions exploring the emergence of transnational communities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8952 Filer i denne post: 1
Poulfelt and Smith.pdf (248.9Kb) -
Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis; Woodland, Alan D. (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper examines the welfare implications of non-discriminatory tariff reforms by a subset of countries, which we term a non-preferential trading club. We show that there exist coordinated tariff reforms, accompanied by appropriate income transfers between the member countries, that unambiguously increase the welfare of these countries while leaving the welfare of non-members unaltered. In terms of economic policy implications, our results show that there exist regional, MFN-consistent arrangements that lead to Pareto improvements in world welfare. JEL code: F15. Keywords: Trading clubs, non-preferential tariff reform, Kemp-Wan-Ohyama proposition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7540 Filer i denne post: 1
wpec062004.pdf (262.2Kb) -
The Case of Drug HelplinesFagerstrøm, Asle; Sørum, Hanne; Vatrapu, Ravi (Frederiksberg, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The telephone was once the main way organizations communicated with their target groups. This situation has changed considerably in recently years and it is apparent that organizations like drug helpline services must also expand their range also in order to reach their target groups. A social media survey1 within European Foundation of Drug Helplines members resulted in 16 responses (approximately 38 percentage response rate), representing 10 different European countries. Findings indicated that most drug helplines in the survey have some experience with social media. However, few of the drug helpline use social media based on purposeful planning and clear distribution of responsibility. Social media can be used for promoting an event or a sensitizing campaign to create positive value. Facebook is the social media that in general are most frequently used for purposes such as reaching a specific audience and promotion. Additionally, findings of the survey show that few drug helplines in the survey monitor social media frequently. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9033 Filer i denne post: 1
Vatrapu.pdf (748.7Kb) -
[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: To become sustainable, or green, is in Nordea not a process that is forced upon the organization by top management. On the contrary, it is a smooth and soft process lead by champions and supported by the management team. One could compare the process with the game curling, where a small grain of sand might stop the curling stone to reach the nest. In the greening process of Nordea it is a risk that the process might be set back for several years if it is not carefully managed. To ensure that no grain of sand hinders the process, a slow and incremental strategy is in place. The process is supported and encouraged by the management and grounded in the corporate values.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8312 Filer i denne post: 1
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Does it make sense?Bille, Trine (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper discusses the concept of the experience economy in a Nordic context and shows how the Nordic version of the concept has come about from a mix of three different approaches and theories. Besides, the Nordic definition links the experience economy closely with cultural activities. In the Nordic countries the experience economy has been developed in a political context and it is apparently a popular development policy for local government authorities and regions. This paper discusses the Nordic definition of experience economy and questions if it makes any sense. The definition of experiences is not clear, and the definition of the word “economy” has different interpretations as well. In a narrow interpretation the term economy is related to market economic value, which is used in the political terminology. The paper shows that the experience economy can follow three different routes to market value creation, and how the growth opportunities for the different experience areas will depend on three different trends. Therefore, it can be shown that only some experience areas are growing, and the market value creation occurs in very different ways and to very different extents within, and in relation to, the different experience areas. The greatest growth potential resides probably in the broad value creation in association with the experience areas. But the experience economy does not lend itself to any consistent definition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8012 Filer i denne post: 1
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Towards Enabling Welfare states and experimentalist Business SystemsKristensen, Peer Hull (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7330 Filer i denne post: 1
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Kleis Frederiksen, Niels (København, 1998)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This note discusses the generational incidence of consumption taxes in an OLG framework. The objective is to highlight the channels through which an increase in, e.g., a VAT redistributes income across generations. It turns out that with labor supply exogenous VAT incidence is very similar to the impact of a PAYG pension system or government debt. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7578 Filer i denne post: 1
1998_5.pdf (925.5Kb) -
Blomgren-Hansen, Niels (København, 2005)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Diamond’s two-period OLG growth model is based on the assumption that the stock of capital in any period is equal to the wealth accumulated in the previous period by the generation of pensioners. This stock equlibrium condition may appear an innocuous paraphrase of the ordinary macro-economic flow equilibrium condition, S = I. This is not the case. In this note I demonstrate that Diamond’s solution is unstable in a monetary market economy where households and firms make independent decisions as to how much to save and how much to invest. An increase in the rate of interest above the Diamond long-run equilibrium level will cause saving to fall by more than investment and, hence, result in excess demand for loanable funds and an upward pressure on the rate of interest. However, substituting the ordinary S = I flow equilibrium condition for Diamonds stock equilibrium condition reveals that the model has another solution - the rate of interest equals the rate of growth - and that this solution is stable in a capital-based economy (contrary to the pure consumption loan model of interest suggested by Samuelson(1958)). The model has interesting implications. Diamond’s model predict that an increase in rate of time preference causing the young generation to save less will reduce the capital stock and raise the rate of interest. However,the S = I based two period OLG model reveals that the old generation’s consumption falls by more than the the young generation’s consumption increases. Consequently, excess supply of loanable funds will drive down the rate of interest. If the rate of interest is equal to the rate of growth an increase in the time preference has no effect on the supply of loanable funds and, consequently, neither on the rate of interest or the stock of capital. Whether people prefer to consume as young or old should not be a matter of public concern (although the transition from one state to another may be). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7656 Filer i denne post: 1
wp14-2005.pdf (193.7Kb) -
Moeran, Brian (Frederiksberg, 2009)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper starts from the premise that all forms of socio-economic behaviour are motivated and underpinned by values of one kind or another. The study of culture is thus a study of the values that constitute that culture. In their plural form, values constitute our socio-cultural beliefs and moral principles. However, in its singular form, value relates to economic utility, price and worth. The aim of this working paper is to examine the relation between economic and cultural values which, it is argued, constitute a field of values that are (re)produced, negotiated and transacted in the context of creative products. This field consists of technical, affective, social, situational, appreciative and functional values. Together these create a qualitative symbolic exchange value which is often then exchanged for a quantitative economic value. The paper outlines how each of these values works and interacts with other values in the context of creative industries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7971 Filer i denne post: 1
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Hansson, Finn (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In the summary of the project as well as in the overall description for the SUCCESS project it is stated, that ‘benchmarking of past and ongoing collaborations’ serve as a tool to develop new and improved models of governance for large integrated projects. The reference to benchmarking as key tool to develop new models makes it necessary to have a closer look into the pro and cons for using this specific tool. A number of recent studies of science policy in Europe have taken a closer look into the system of benchmarking in this field. These studies, discussed later in this paper, have pointed to the fact that a reliable benchmarking exercise demand a strict data input very often impossible in science and innovation collaborations because of the very nature of these endeavours, the open and risky character of new knowledge as well as the unpredictable time. If we include the fact that collaborations all have their own history and do not represent some kind of representativeness of a science or R&D field but the opposite, are selected by pre-knowledge, a number of serious question to the use of a traditional benchmarking approach has been announced. What we can use from the benchmarking procedures is the idea of a systematic recording of knowledge of best practices analysed and interpreted by expert groups. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6391 Filer i denne post: 1
wpx1-2008.pdf (1.393Mb) -
Ooi, Can-Seng (Frederiksberg, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Intercultural management broadly refers to the handling of cultural differences in businesses and organizations. Although culture develops in all social groups, such as in firms, schools and neighbourhoods, intercultural management often refers to cultures framed within national and ethnic settings. Language, religion, family relations, work ethics and daily living are some aspects of culture. These cultural manifestations reflect the community’s world views, norms and values, and shape social behaviours and practices of members in the community. The idea of “intercultural management” also suggests that cultural differences are sources of miscommunication and misunderstandings. So in international business, intercultural management is a daily activity that affects different operations, including localization of services in a foreign market, offering local hospitality to foreign tourists, adapting one’s negotiation style to overseas business partners, communication in an international work environment and devising appropriate human resource services in overseas subsidiaries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8976 Filer i denne post: 1
WP Ooi 2014.pdf (141.1Kb) -
Joint Development Initiatives between the Private and Public Sectors in Development CooperationJohansson de Silva, Sara; Kokko, Ari; Norberg, Hanna (Stockholm, 2015)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The importance of the private sector for economic development is undisputable. Private actors - whether we talk about firms or other organizations - are an essential part of the web that forms a wellfunctioning society. However, the role of the private sector in development cooperation is more disputed, from proponents’ claim that supporting the growth and development of (formal) business is at the heart of what aid should do to antagonists’ view that aid could and should be used better than to increase profits for business. The present report is not about private sector development in partner countries per se. It studies the extent to which actors in the business sector can act as partners in development cooperation to help fulfil the objectives of aid. In the report, Sara Johansson de Silva, Ari Kokko, and Hanna Norberg map out the extent of, and analyse the potential development gains from, the formation of partnerships between public and private actors in Swedish development cooperation. Such partnerships, referred to as Joint Development Initiatives (JDI), are expected to realize mutual gains. Potential gains for public actors include an increase in reach and improved efficiency in delivery; additional (private) financial resources and innovative capacity. Potential gains for private sector actors include the emergence of new firms and markets when prohibitive risk levels are lowered through public involvement; market access and higher turnover for existing firms; and more socially responsible business practices, increasing the sustainability of firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9248 Filer i denne post: 1
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Towards a Multitheoretical Research FrameworkSjöklint, Mimmi; Constantiou, Ioanna D.; Trier, Matthias (Frederiksberg, 2013)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The new technological enhancements and the accessibility to varieties of online applications, enable users to collect personal data and perform self-evaluation through test, comparison and experimentation. The sparked interest in numbers and numbers as self-representative visualisations is prominent in social networking sites, which are the empirical setting for the present study. This paper sets out to establish a multi-theoretical framework which enables the investigation of emerging phenomena of the role of numbers in social networking sites. The proposed framework rests on three theoretical pillars: self-determination theory, heuristic decision making and behavioural economics. A discussion departs from these convictions to investigate user reactions and behaviour when faced with numerical representations in the SNS. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8820 Filer i denne post: 1
Sjoklint_ConstantiouTrier.pdf (454.0Kb) -
Vilken roll har exportfrämjandet spelat?Kokko, Ari; Johansson de Silva, Sara; Norberg, Hanna (Östersund, 2015)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Tillväxtanalys fick i 2014 års regleringsbrev i uppdrag att utveckla mätmetoder och indika-torer för att skatta effekterna av statens främjandeinsatser för internationalisering av små och medelstora företag. I slutrapporten för detta uppdrag (Effekter av statens främjandeinsatser för internationali-sering. Slutrapport: utveckling av mätmetoder och indikatorer, Tillväxtanalys, Rapport 2015:03) föreslår vi en metod för utvärdering av det svenska främjandet. Enligt metoden jämförs de företag som tagit del av internationaliseringsfrämjande tjänster med en kontroll-grupp som inte har utnyttjat motsvarande tjänster. En utvärdering av detta slag skulle ge kunskaper om främjandets effekter. Det är dock även viktigt att skapa sig en bredare förståelse för främjandesystemets roll och företagens behov och förväntningar. Detta pm är en pilotstudie där flera olika metoder kombineras för att analysera små och medelstora företags användning av främjandet och hur de etablerat export till en avlägsen marknad. Studien behandlar frågor som: Hur inleder små och medelstora företag export till svåra marknader? Hur betydelsefullt är det statliga främjandet i jämförelse med andra kanaler för lärande om internationalisering och utländska marknader? Motsvarar utbudet av främjandeinsatser företagens aktuella behov för att kunna inleda export på nya marknader? Rapporten har författats av professor Ari Kokko vid Copenhagen Business School, samt Sara Johansson de Silva och Hanna Norberg. Projektledare för uppdraget hos Tillväxt-analys är Carly Smith Jönsson. Många tack till de personer och representanter för olika företag som tagit sig tid att svara på enkäter och ställt upp på intervjuer för denna studie. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9249 Filer i denne post: 1
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Forskellighed og innovation del IIUhlenfeldt, Thomas; Hinz, Ole (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: I nærværende rapport belyses de konkrete muligheder og udfordringer der møder danske virksomheder i forbindelse med ansættelsen af nydanskere. Herunder ser vi nærmere på, i hvilket omfang etnisk diversitet overhovedet opleves som et relevant tema ude i virksomhederne, hvilke organisatoriske konsekvenser den øgede diversitet har medført, og i givet fald hvordan den søges håndteret. Sidst, men ikke mindst undersøges, hvorvidt virksomhederne formår at omsætte medarbejdernes forskelligheder til konkret innovation eller anden form for værdiskabelse. Rapporten bygger på casestudier i 11 danske virksomheder fra forskellige brancher. Den overordnede konklusion på disse studier er at langt den overvejende del af de adspurgte ledere i virksomhederne oplever ansættelsen af nydanskere som værende helt eller hovedsageligt problemfrit. De nydanske medarbejdere opleves således som en særdeles stabil og samvittighedsfuld arbejdskraft som assimileres relativt problemfrit ind i den eksisterende virksomhedskultur. I enkelte tilfælde har ansættelsen af nydanskere dog krævet forskellige tiltag og tilpasninger af varierende omfang fra lidt mere lederopmærksomhed til mere omfattende programmer. Samtidig fremhæves især sprogvanskeligheder som en væsentlig udfordring. Derudover er det for ingeniørvirksomhedernes vedkommende ofte vanskeligt at oversætte en udenlandsk ingeniøruddannelses kompetencer til danske forhold. Personaleafdelingernes evne til at vurdere disse nydanskeres kvalifikationer er i disse virksomheder kritisk. I rapporten præsenteres afslutningsvis en model som beskriver tre forskellige måder hvorpå nydanskere kan bidrage til virksomheders værdiskabelse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6762 Filer i denne post: 1
integrationsrapport-II.pdf (180.2Kb) -
Forskellighed og innovation del IIUhlenfeldt, Thomas; Hinz, Ole (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: I nærværende rapport belyses de konkrete muligheder og udfordringer der møder danske virksomheder i forbindelse med ansættelsen af nydanskere. Herunder ser vi nærmere på, i hvilket omfang etnisk diversitet overhovedet opleves som et relevant tema ude i virksomhederne, hvilke organisatoriske konsekvenser den øgede diversitet har medført, og i givet fald hvordan den søges håndteret. Sidst, men ikke mindst undersøges, hvorvidt virksomhederne formår at omsætte medarbejdernes forskelligheder til konkret innovation eller anden form for værdiskabelse. Rapporten bygger på casestudier i 11 danske virksomheder fra forskellige brancher. Den overordnede konklusion på disse studier er at langt den overvejende del af de adspurgte ledere i virksomhederne oplever ansættelsen af nydanskere som værende helt eller hovedsageligt problemfrit. De nydanske medarbejdere opleves således som en særdeles stabil og samvittighedsfuld arbejdskraft som assimileres relativt problemfrit ind i den eksisterende virksomhedskultur. I enkelte tilfælde har ansættelsen af nydanskere dog krævet forskellige tiltag og tilpasninger af varierende omfang fra lidt mere lederopmærksomhed til mere omfattende programmer. Samtidig fremhæves især sprogvanskeligheder som en væsentlig udfordring. Derudover er det for ingeniørvirksomhedernes vedkommende ofte vanskeligt at oversætte en udenlandsk ingeniøruddannelses kompetencer til danske forhold. Personaleafdelingernes evne til at vurdere disse nydanskeres kvalifikationer er i disse virksomheder kritisk. I rapporten præsenteres afslutningsvis en model som beskriver tre forskellige måder hvorpå nydanskere kan bidrage til virksomheders værdiskabelse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6294 Filer i denne post: 1
integrationsrapport.pdf (180.2Kb)