Browsing by Title
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Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: I århundreder har formuestand sat grænser for normalsubjektivitet. Fra 1500-tallet var alle besiddelsesløse frataget retten til at råde over egen arbejdsevne uanset køn og alder. Deres personlige myndighed omfattede alene pligten til at indgå i et arbejdsforhold; ikke retten til at lade være. I århundreder blev de pålagt at finde arbejde; og hvis de ikke kunne eller ikke ville, blev de straffet, spærret inde, sat i tvangsarbejde. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7359 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-52.pdf (189.5Kb) -
Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Bønder med fæste og tyende i hus var ikke løsgængere. De var heller ikke privilegerede. De var i arbejde”; men havde ingen formue, var ikke født til stands eller rang og udgjorde således en gruppe mellem løsgængere og de privilegerede. Det samme gjorde håndværkersvende og lærlinge i forhold til mestre og borgere og næringsdrivende kvinder i forhold til andre kvinder. Gennemgangen af landboforholdet indebærer et skift i perspektiv i forhold til gennemgangen af de besiddelsesløse. I stedet for arbejdspligtens arkæologi, skal jeg nu give et rids over hvilke forpligtigelser bonde og husmand, tyende og tjener blev pålagt ved fæste, stavnsbinding eller på anden vis. Perspektivet skifter til, hvilke rettigheder de privilegerede havde over deres bonde og husmand; og derigennem hvilke begrænsninger disse rettigheder satte på bondens og husmandens personlige myndighed og retlige evner, men også hvilke former og grader for myndighed bonde og husmand opnåede i forhold til adel og proprietær. Jeg beskriver de besiddelsesløses situation i arbejde”, i modsætning til de besiddelsesløses situation uden arbejde”. Det er stadig arbejdsevnen, eller evnen til at påtage sig arbejde og retten til at lade være, der står i centrum. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7375 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-53.pdf (132.8Kb) -
Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Også i byen var standssamfundet struktureret ved hjælp af privilegier; ligesom forholdet mellem by og land var det. Købstaden havde eneret på handel og næring; kun købmænd måtte drive handel; kun håndværkere måtte drive håndværk; og ingen undtagen byens borgere måtte udøve håndværk eller afsætte håndværksprodukter inden for byens grænser. Håndværkere fra byen måtte ikke drive håndværk på landet; håndværkere fra landet måtte ikke arbejde for byerne. Indenfor byen var håndværkernes arbejdsevne bestemt af laugens privilegium på næring. Både adel og borger var således indplaceret i et symmetrisk forhold, ligesom bonde og håndværkersvend, og husmand og håndværkerdreng. Den ene stands privilegier satte grænser for den næste. De vigtigste forskelle var mellem by og land, og her indenfor mellem borger og ikke-borger. Sammen med forskellene mellem de besiddelsesløse og de privilegerede, og adel og bonde udgjorde forskellen mellem by land samt borger og ikke-borger grundstrukturen i den absolutistiske regulering. De privilegerede havde for-rettigheder i forhold til stand eller formue og i forhold til om de boede på land eller i by. Købstadsprivilegiet var oprindeligt naturgroet; senere blev det delegeret af kongen som privilegium; det var både før-moderne og tidligt-moderne. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7366 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-54.pdf (248.8Kb) -
Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Dette udgør kapitel 1, afsnit 5 i manuskript om Arbejdets Institutionelle Historie. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7336 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-55.pdf (61.92Kb) -
Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Diskursanalysen har afdækket den juridiske diskurs; dens form, forestillinger og idealer. Analysen har også vist, at den juridiske diskurs udgør en kontekst for rationel handling og dermed et sæt af betingelser for, hvordan diskursen kan sættes i tale og i værk. Som sådan udgør diskursen både en ontologi og en epistemologi. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7367 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-56.pdf (119.7Kb) -
Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Hvad vi nu skal følge er et drama. Gennem menneskelige lidelser og politiske konflikter er der skabt en ny forestilling om individ og stat. Dette kapitel viser, hvilken form denne opfattelse får og hvordan den kommer til udtryk, dvs. hvor og hvordan vi kan konstatere, at en ny statsform er blevet til. Desværre må jeg skuffe de, som er tilhængere af dramaets social-historiske beskrivelse. Dette er ikke historien om, hvorfor og hvorledes en statsopfattelse blev kæmpet igennem. Mit formål er mere begrænset og slet ikke egnet til social-historisk beskrivelse. Desværre må jeg også skuffe de, der er tilhængere af at beskrive den ny stats tilblivelse gennem kampen for en demokratisk styreform. Jeg har ikke til sinds at beskrive kampen mod enevoldsmagten og for det konstitutionelle demokrati og dets menneskerettigheder. Også her er mit formål mere begrænset. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7357 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-57.pdf (89.49Kb) -
Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Kollektive overenskomster er i dag en selvfølge. Sådan har det selvsagt ikke altid været. Den kollektive overenskomst indebærer forandringer i forhold til den individuelle arbejdslejeaftale. Kampen om retten til at organisere arbejdere med det formål at indgå kollektive overenskomster var langvarig. Til tider kostede den menneskelige lidelser og afsavn. Fra 1862 til midten af 1870`erne gjaldt der en tilnærmelsesvis liberalisme i forholdet mellem mester og svend. De ordnede og bandt sig uden mellemmænd og uden indblanding. Det var først fra 1880`erne at et antal arbejdsgivere begyndte at acceptere kollektive overenskomster og paritetisk voldgift. Overenskomster blev indgået mellem den enkelte arbejdsgiver på den ene side og arbejdere organiseret i faglig forening på den anden. Arbejdernes organisationer anvendte den såkaldte "omgangsskrue”. Én efter én blev arbejdsgivere i et lokalt område udsat for arbejdsvægring for at tvinge dem til at indgå kollektiv overenskomst. Arbejdsgiverne svarede igen med lock out. I begyndelsen af 1899 kom det til "den store styrkeprøve”. Kampen brød ud da snedkersvende i syv jyske byer nægtede at godkende deres overenskomst. I begyndelsen af maj udelukkede arbejdsgiverne snedkersvende i hele landet. Den 24. maj optrappede arbejdsgiverne konflikten og udelukkede arbejdere fra 11 byggefag og i jernindustrien. I alt 40.000 arbejdere var omfattet. Efter fem måneders konflikt og 3 millioner tabte arbejdsdage blev Septemberforliget indgået. Det skete den 5. september 1899. Aftalen blev underskrevet af de to nydannede hovedorganisationer De Samvirkende Fagforbund (DSF) og Danmarks Arbejdsgiver- og Mesterforening (DM). Kort efter blev den godkendt af kompetente forsamlinger i begge organisationer. Herved var den individuelle arbejdsaftale blevet normaliseret. Den var ikke mere et ideal, men accepteret og respekteret af begge hovedorganisationer som det normative og det normale grundlag for den kollektive overenskomst. Den var blevet til en norm. Et arbejdsmarked var under dannelse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7339 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-58.pdf (198.1Kb) -
Krause Hansen, Hans; Novak, Lis; Salskov-Iversen, Dorte; Werther, Charlotte (København, 1996)[More information][Less information]
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The Case of the digital AmplifierFrøslev Christensen, Jens; Holm Olesen, Michael; Kjær, Jonas (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper addresses an issue of great importance for the future organization of the consumer electronics industry: the "battle" of control over component-based digitization. We are now witnessing the dismantling of the Japanese Model that has prevailed in consumer electronics over the past 30 years. Specialized and large-scale component suppliers have taken the lead in most component-based innovations and have obtained increasingly powerful positions in the value chain of consumer electronics. This paper provides an in-depth study of the strategic and structural ramifications of one such component-based innovation, the current transformation of sound amplification from conventional to digital amplifiers. We study the early formation of this new technology as especially reflected in the particularly dynamic cluster of innovation in Denmark and extend the analysis to the global strategizing around this new technology. A framework is developed to explain the reluctance of most of the large consumer electronics giants in developing/adopting this new technology. Key words: Consumer electronics, Industrial dynamics, Open Innovation JEL Codes: L6, L68, O32 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7201 Files in this item: 1
04-11.pdf (359.9Kb) -
Nielsen, Janni; Yssing, Carsten (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Thinking Aloud Thinking Aloud is the most commonly used technique used to test users´ interaction with computers. The assumption is that Think Aloud gives access to what goes on in the users´ minds. However, interfaces are multi modal and play heavily on user´s visual perception. Reflecting upon Think Aloud (TA), we ask the question: what happens when users are required to verbalise their visual perceptions and interactions? We argue that TA may have a disruptive effect, suggesting that other techniques be considered. With a theoretical distinction between focal and subsidiary awareness and a focus on the sense making process, we develop a frame for test of user´s visual interaction which rely on the coordination between hand/mouse and eye/cursor. Author Keywords: Think Aloud, visual perception, interaction, test URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6485 Files in this item: 1
20-2004.pdf (323.0Kb) -
Anne (, )[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis explores the history of humanitarian organizations as agents in public life. When taking on the role as mediators between Western publics and distant sufferers, what conception of social responsibility do humanitarian organizations promote? What are the consequences of the institutional context of these organizations on the form of social responsibility that they are able to promote? In a historical perspective, what changes in these conceptualizations can we observe and to what extent can we understand them as resulting from institutional changes? These questions are asked with the assumption that the discourse of humanitarian organizations is at once a reflection of and a force in the configuration of dispositions in target publics. Enquiring about the history of humanitarian organizations as agents in public life, thus, means enquiring about the ways in which over the past 40 years, these organizations have given meaning to our relation to different sufferers and contributed to shaping our individual and collective conception of the scope and nature of our social responsibility.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8318 Files in this item: 1
Anne_Vestergaard.pdf (6.561Mb) -
the case of decision support in health care administrationKühn Pedersen, Mogens; Holm Larsen, Michael (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Holm Larsen, Michael; Kühn Pedersen, Mogens (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper addresses the electronic commerce application field of Health Care Administration. Models for knowledge distribution is a rare commodity in the Health Care Administration. Distributed Knowledge Management (DKM) is a concept that originated as an abstraction of a business model prepared for the mechanical and agricultural industry but holds promises for a more general use. The contribution of this paper is to suggest a new business model based on DKM and show the relevance and applicability of this concept in a totally new context of the Health Care Administration. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6875 Files in this item: 1
linkwp22.pdf (84.95Kb) -
Lunde, Jens (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The Danish housing market boomed from 1993 to the end of 2006. The house price increases from 2003 to 2006 were especially dramatic and cannot be explained satisfactorily by "fundamentals”. Moreover, the owner-occupiers are highly indebted; Denmark is the nation with the highest household debt/GDP, highest total liabilities/net wealth and highest mortgage debt/net non-financial wealth ratios among 15 OECD countries. Obviously, an analysis of the financial soundness of owner-occupiers is topical in order to analyse financial stability in society. The financial soundness of Danish owner-occupier families is analysed using relevant financial indicators for the owner-occupiers’ capital structure and interest payments. Tax statistics for the owner-occupier families are used here. In a financial soundness perspective macro data are of limited importance as they express total and average changes. Distributional data at the micro level, formed at the family (household) level, are important for recognizing changes in the financial soundness of the nation. The data are used to estimate important financial indicators as debt/income, housing wealth/income, debt/housing wealth and net interest expenditure/income ratios for the families’ total financial situation and capital structure. The result is that the financial soundness of Danish owner-occupiers, measured as net liability housing wealth ratios, has not improved since the owner-occupation crisis in the years 1987-1993. Furthermore, their housing wealth/income and net liability/income ratios have increased since 1993 to "all-time high” levels, just as in the other OECD countries; net interest expenditure/income ratios have been reduced in a before-tax perspective, but not much in an after-tax perspective. The substantial heterogeneity of the families is considerably reduced by adjusting for age as a proxy for the life cycle. Moreover, the income variation is also reduced considerably within each age group. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7161 Files in this item: 1
wp 2007-1 jens lunde.pdf (672.3Kb) -
Llerena, Patrick, Vanessa Oltra (Frederiksberg, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper explores the impact of diversity of innovative strategies of firms upon the industrial dynamics through a micro-simulation model. We consider two types of firms each one being characterised by a specific innovative strategy. Basically we assume that some cumulative firms adopt an internal learning by searching strategy, while noncumulative firms adopt an external learning strategy aiming at absorbing external sources of knowledge. The results show that the co-existence of the two types of firms leads to an oligopolistic structure characterised by asymmetries in the size of firms and high technological performances. Thus the diversity of innovative strategies generates a diversity in firms market shares and is a source of dynamic efficiency in the long run. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8085 Files in this item: 1
8778730856.pdf (180.6Kb) -
Larsen, Birthe; Waisman, Gisela (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We exploit the regional variation in negative attitudes towards immigrants to Sweden in order to analyse what are the consequences of such attitudes have on immigrants welfare. A well educated immigrant from a non developed country who lives in a municipality with strong negative attitudes earns less than what she would earn if she lived in a municipality where natives are more positive. If attitudes changed from the average level to the most positive level, her wage would increase by 12%. This would reduce the wage gap to well-educated immigrants from developed countries by 70%. We interpret this eect as evidence of labour market discrimination. The same reduction in negative attitudes would increase the welfare of immigrants from Africa and Asia, through their wage and local amenities, by an equivalent to one third of their wage. The analogous amount for immigrants from South America and Eastern Europe is one fourth of their wage if they are well educated and one tenth otherwise. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7587 Files in this item: 1
wp11-2007.pdf (1.182Mb) -
Pérez-González, Francisco; Wolfenzon, Daniel; Bennedsen, Morten (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Abstract. Estimating the value of top managerial talent is a central topic of research that has attracted widespread attention from academics and practitioners. Yet, testing for the importance of chief executive officers (CEOs) on firm outcomes is challenging. In this paper we test for the impact of CEOs on performance by assessing the effect of (1) CEO deaths and (2) the death of CEOs immediate family members (spouse, parents, children, etc), which arguably affects CEOs focus. Using a unique dataset from Denmark, we find that CEO (but not board members ) own and family deaths are strongly correlated with declines in firm operating profitability, investment and sales growth. Our CEO shock-outcome analysis allows us to identify the shocks that are the most (least) meaningful for CEOs: the death of children and spouses (mothers-in-law). We show that individual CEO, firm and industry characteristics seem to affect the impact of these shocks. In particular, CEO effects are larger (lower) for longer-tenured (older) CEOs and for those managers with large investment fixed effects. CEO shocks are relevant across the size distribution of firms but are concentrated on those firms that invested heavily in the past. Lastly, we find that CEO shocks tend to be larger in rapid growth, high investment and R&D intensive industries. Overall, our findings demonstrate managers are a key determinant of firm performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7523 Files in this item: 1
wp13-2007.pdf (1.169Mb) -
The Impact of Human Capital Diversity, Experience and Compensation on Firm Performance in Engineering ConsultingLaursen, Keld; Mahnke, Volker; Vejrup-Hansen, Per (Frederiksberg, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper investigates the relationship between human capital characteristics and firm performance in engineering consulting. Because general experience, firm-specific human capital and diversity carry specific costs and benefits we hypothesize curvilinear (taking inverted U-shapes) relations to firm performance. We find little effect of general experience and firm-specific human capital, but the findings give some support for the curvilinear relation between performance and human capital diversity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7889 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_05_04.pdf (352.0Kb) -
Bjørnskov, Christian; Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The economics of growth has shown that countries not only grow by deploying higher levels of inputs to production, but also by better allocating whatever resources are at their disposal and by introducing productivity-enhancing innovations. We proffer arguments as to why and how entrepreneurship as well institutions of liberty (i.e., economic freedom, including the rule of law, easy regulations, low taxes and limited government interference in the economy) positively impact total factor productivity (TFP): These institutions allow entrepreneurial experimentation with the combination of factors to take place at low transaction costs. We test these ideas on a unique panel data set derived from Compendia, World Bank data and the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom data. We find that while entrepreneurship positively impacts TFP, the marginal contribution of entrepreneurship to TFP is strongest in economies with substantial government activity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8174 Files in this item: 1
CBS Forskningsindberetning SMG 263.pdf (373.1Kb) -
Evidence from Corporate DivestituresKlein, Peter G.; Klein, Sandra K. (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We assess the argument that corporate acquisitions are driven mainly by agency considerations. This argument holds that certain kinds of mergers—mergers between firms in unrelated industries, mergers between firms with large differences in price-earnings ratios, and mergers financed with stock swaps, for example—will consistently fail, eventually being reversed in a divestiture. Appealing to Mises’s theory of entrepreneurship, we argue instead that divestitures of previously acquired assets usually result from experimentation and learning, healthy attributes of a market economy. We then describe empirical evidence that the long-term success or failure of corporate acquisitions cannot, in general, be predicted by measures of agency conflicts. We also show that mistaken acquisitions are more likely under certain circumstances, namely during periods of intense, industry-specific regulatory activity. This is consistent with the view, expressed repeatedly in the Austrian literature, that entrepreneurial error is associated with government intervention—in particular, with government ownership of property and interference with the price system. JEL Classifications: D84, G34, G38 Key words: acquisitions, divestitures, entrepreneurship, market process, experimentation URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6905 Files in this item: 1
linkwp01-9.pdf (80.88Kb)