Browsing by Title
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Nielsen, Ruth (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In EU law, nationality and gender were the only equality issues on the legal agenda from the outset in 1958 and for about 40 years. Multiple discrimination was not addressed until the 1990's. The intersectionality approach which has been widely discussed outside Europe has mainly been used with a view to gendermainstreaming the fight against other kinds of discrimination (on grounds of ethnic origin, age, etc). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7385 Files in this item: 1
multiple.discrim.oslo.2006.alt.pdf (140.3Kb) -
The prohibition against misleading names in an internal market contextRørdam, Mette Ohm (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis investigates how food naming is regulated in the European Union with the aim to structure and explain the different rules regulating food naming and the interactions between the different rules, thereby clarifying de lege lata. Further, the thesis sets out to determine to what degree the Member States within the EU are free to regulate the naming of imported as well as domestically produced food, by way of legislation and/or by enforcement of the prohibition against misleading names. The interaction between the prohibition against misleading names and the obligation to mutually recognise names which have been legally used in other Member States are central in this thesis. The first part of the thesis introduces the thesis subject and provides an explanation to the approaches taken. The empirical data used for identifying practical real-life cases concerning potentially misleading names is presented. The second part of the thesis elaborates on the various EU rules in secondary law, their scope and objectives, including an examination of the rationales behind the rules based on application of economic theory. The borderlines between the rules are clarified. Part three of the thesis contains legal dogmatic analyses and discussions of the different EU rules regulating food naming. The analyses of the rules are based on practical real-life cases in which food naming has shown to be a challenging task. The difficulties addressed relate to: precision of names (the task of finding a name precise enough to provide adequate information to consumers without narrowing the product’s competitive field); product identity (difficulties in naming products that refer to specific ingredients and in which traditional ingredients have been replaced); the use of geographical names (which potentially mislead consumers) and language difficulties. In the last chapter of part three an analysis is provided of the concept of fairness and general prohibition against misleading consumers in order to clarify the criteria for applying these in real-life cases. Despite the existence of rather detailed rules on naming and labelling of food, which provides clarity in relation to food naming, the application of these rules is dependent on consumers’ expectation and potentially deception which must be assessed on a case-by-case basis, whereby the predictability of the rules is weakened. Part four of the thesis focuses on the borderlines between primary and secondary EU law and on answering the second part of the research question. Primary EU law defines the fundamental borderlines for EU law on food names and limits how food legislation can and must be applied. First part of this analysis focuses on the naming of imported food products, while the second part focuses on the naming of domestically produced food. The relevant sources of law are analysed and discussions are provided. It is concluded that the principle of mutual recognition takes precedence over the prohibition against misleading names, which prevents Member States from regulating the naming of imported food, by way of legislation and by enforcement of the prohibition against misleading names. Secondary EU law also limits how Member States can regulate the naming of domestically produced food. Part five provides the conclusion to the research question. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8670 Files in this item: 1
Mette_Ohm_Rørdam.pdf (1.743Mb) -
A Corporate Governance ApproachKnudsen, Jette Steen (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article examines why Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in 2001 turned down a proposal for an EU take-over directive? The first explanation focuses on party ideology. However, MEPs overwhelmingly voted according to national rather than party lines. Two additional explanations emphasise national characteristics: labour market legislation (national schemes to protect employees against dismissals) and corporate governance issues. Labour market legislation can explain the UK and German MEP votes but not the Swedish and French MEPs votes. These votes can be explained by emphasising measures against take-overs such as a high level of market capitalisation and unequal voting rights. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6617 Files in this item: 1
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Tackney, Charles T.; Sato, Toyoko; Strömgren, Ole (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper was composed in the fall of 2007. It was then presented on 17 November 2007 at the Matchpoints Conference at the University of Århus, a conference jointly sponsored by the Irish Embassy to Denmark and the University of Århus. We subsequently presented the paper to an internal IKL session of colleagues involved in educational research (dubbed, the "Educational Irregulars’) and then offered the paper to an internal seminar of the Asian Research Center. Throughout this process, Maribel Blasco has been particularly helpful as a colleague with knowledge and interest in the role, nature, and politics of tertiary education. We learned through this process that our Working Paper is at least four separate research journal pieces – in potential. Thus, we file this as a record of a work in progress and as a follow up to the previously filed Working Paper we now refer to as the "EU-ROPE 1” paper – our first venture into exploring the educational character and implications of the CBS SPRØK undergraduate educational model. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6939 Files in this item: 1
wp 2008-2.pdf (222.4Kb) -
identitetsdannelse mellem kultur og politikJust, Sine Nørholm (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Roseberry, Lynn (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: On May 1 2004, 10 additional countries joined the European Union. Out of fears that the "old” member states would be swamped by cheap labour from the new member states, many of the old members chose to impose transitional rules on the mobility of labour from the new to the old member states. This report provides an analysis of the transitional rules put in place by the Danish government. What are the rules that apply to workers from the new member states compared to those that apply to workers from the old member states? How are these rules administered? And what are the social rights of workers from the new member states, e.g., in the form of access to social benefits? These are some of the questions addressed in this report. (Report in Danish). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7387 Files in this item: 1
rockwell2-1.pdf (267.3Kb) -
Moeran, Brian (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper describes and analyses preparations for the holding of an anthropologist potter’s one-man show in a Japanese department store. Based on participant observation, it describes in detail the strategic planning of, and preparations for, the fieldworker’s own pottery exhibition in a department store located in northern Kyushu, the southernmost of Japan’s four main islands and home to a long tradition of porcelain and stoneware production. The paper focuses on the main players in the ceramic art world; the social interaction underpinning an exhibition; the conflicting ideals of ‘aesthetics’, display and money (pricing); and the ways in which different sets of values, and evaluating processes, affected the reception of the author’s work. It concludes by developing a theory of values in the light of recent writings in the field of cultural economics. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7942 Files in this item: 1
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Moberg, Kåre (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Interest in entrepreneurship education is growing over the world, especially in innovation based economies, such as Denmark (GEM, 2010). However, we know rather little about the outcomes of entrepreneurship education, in particular with respect to which type of course content produces the best results (i.e. most high performing entrepreneurs) and how this affects different types of students. There is a great variety of different views in the field of research concerning the content and structure of entrepreneurship courses, but no comprehensive study has yet been done in which these competing views are clearly articulated as rivals and tested against each other. There is also a lack of programme evaluations that use control groups and have a longitudinal design (Gorman, Hanlon & King, 1997; Karlsson & Moberg, 2011; Matlay, 2008). Those that have this setup often experience methodological problems due to their conceptual framework (Krueger, 2009), or they have a view of entrepreneurship that does not take into account the advancements within research that have been made during the last decade (Sarasvathy, 2008). Thus, we clearly need to dig deeper into this field in order to create methods and models that allow us to evaluate the outcomes of different types of entrepreneurship courses. In the beginning of 2011, the Danish Foundation for Entrepreneurship – Young Enterprise initiated a research project with the aim to further our understanding of the type of impact entrepreneurship education and different educational designs have on different types of students. Two longitudinal surveys, one with a focus on elementary- and secondary-level education and one with focus on tertiary-level education, will be performed and databases with students from all levels of the Danish educational system will be created. The surveys will use entrepreneurial self-efficacy (Mauer, Neergaard & Kirketerp, 2009) as a performance indicator, but in order to generate robust results the development of new measurement tools is needed. In this paper the initial phases of this project and the research design of these two surveys will be presented. The development of a new ESE scale and the results from the pilot surveys will also be presented. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8381 Files in this item: 1
Kaare Moberg_SMG WP 14_2011.pdf (718.6Kb) -
Crabtree, Andrew (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Prahalad’s thesis is extremely vague, indeed it identifies seven versions. The paper then turns to examining the 12 major cross-country case studies that Prahalad uses as corroboration for his views. It argues that the evidence that Prahalad offers to support his claims fails to do so, or, proves to provide counter-examples. Furthermore, the case study approach that Prahalad uses is methodologically weak for the strong claims that he makes. Placing the argument in a broader perspective, it is argued that the bottom of the pyramid approach can do more harm than good if it, as Prahalad does, plays down factors which have been important to large scale poverty reduction in countries such as South Korea, China, India and Vietnam. After assessing the book on its own terms, the paper asks whether or not income poverty is the correct space in which to evaluate the impact of business activities. The concepts of income poverty, multidimensional poverty and capability deprivation are discussed and a notion of fundamental capability deprivations as being the relevant evaluative space is defended. It is argued while the Bottom of the Pyramid approach fares better on these criteria, but still leaves a lot to be desired. The eradication of deprivation requires more than self-interested firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6755 Files in this item: 1
wps-2007_no.1_andrew.crabtree.pdf (241.6Kb) -
Evidence from Market and Accounting DataGoldberg, Lawrence G.; Sweeney, Richard J.; Wihlborg, Clas G. (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper discusses results and difficulties of comparing banks' performance based on publicly available data for the case of Nordea, a pan-Nordic bank created through mergers of important national banks. The objective of the performance comparison is to determine whether Nordea's unique strategy of functional intergation across four countries can be advantageous. For stock-market data, however, Nordea does not have stable betas on risk factors, as illustrated by market betas, and thus the comparables method must be used with great care. The Nordea holding company performed about as well as the comparables, both in terms of stock-market and accounting data. Nordea banks in individual countries outperformed comparable holding companies; by arithmetic, Nordea non-bank operations are not as profitable as its bank operations. In event studies, the market views Nordea's acquisitions as adding value. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6812 Files in this item: 1
wplefic052005.pdf (339.2Kb) -
A Case of Restaurant RankingsChristensen, Bo T.; Strandgaard Pedersen, Jesper (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper is concerned with evaluative practices within the culinary field. The focus is on the evaluative practices performed by two restaurant ranking systems, respectively the Michelin Red Guide system handled by the French tire manufacturer Michelin and the San Pellegrino ’World’s 50 Best Restaurant’ list organized by the English based Restaurant Magazine. Both ranking systems evaluate and rate restaurants (judging their food, service, physical setting and so forth) but in different ways through different practices and means, and with somewhat different results. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8393 Files in this item: 1
Christensen_Strandgaard-Pedersen_#66.pdf (208.4Kb) -
Junge, Martin; Severgnini, Battista; Sørensen, Anders (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper investigates the importance of the educational mix of employees at the firm level for the probability of firms being involved in innovation activities. We distinguish between four types of innovation: product, process, organisational, and marketing innovation. Moreover, we consider three different types of education for employees with at least 16 years of schooling: technical sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Furthermore, we examine the influence of these different innovation activities on firm productivity. Using a rotating panel data sample of Danish firms, we find that different types of innovations are related to distinct educational types. Moreover, we find that firms that adopt product and marketing innovation are more productive than firms that adopt product innovation but not marketing innovation and firms that adopt marketing innovation but not product innovation. In addition, firms that adopt organisational and process innovation demonstrate greated productivity levels than forms that adopt organisational innovation but not process innovation that again demonstrate greater productivity than firms that do not adopt process innovation but not organisational innovation. Finally, we establish that product and marketing innovation as well as organisational and process innovation are complementary inputs using formal tests for supermodularity. Complementarity can be rejected for all other pairs of innovation types. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8498 Files in this item: 1
Junge_Severgnini_Sørensen.pdf (517.4Kb) -
short sales, price pressure, and the stock price response to convertible bond callsBechmann, Ken L. (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Sloth Andersen, Esben (Aalborg, 1996)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The evolutionary model presented in this paper depicts an industrial sector with a varying degree of economic roundaboutness, i.e. vertical division of labour between producers and users of different types of intermediate products that are ultimately used for the production of a single final product. To include this vertical aspect of industrial dynamics, the model adds the concept of production trees to the evolutionary models of Schumpeterian competition. The specification of this concept suggests the use of the notions of graph theory and the related algorithms of computer science in the treatment of industrial novelty, including structural innovations. Although the model is developed within the Nelson and Winter tradition, the introduction of the 'Austrian' issue of roundaboutness implies a major extension of the research agenda, including production- structure innovations, the emergence and functioning of markets for intermediate products, ways of coping with the instability of upstream markets, the spread of the effects of an upstream innovation, and the measurement of the degree of roundaboutness and of overall productivity. The model reflects a Schumpeterian version of the Böhm-Bawerkian vision of the emergence of increased long-term roundaboutness of production. The Schumpeterian approach implies an innovation- and entrepreneur-driven process of vertical disintegration and reintegration. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8121 Files in this item: 1
8778730139.pdf (184.1Kb) -
Policy Change in the Bank for International SettlementsSeabrooke, Leonard (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is the premiere international institution for the regulation of the world’s financial system. Originally established to handle German reparations payments, the BIS’s contemporary role is to provide global standards for prudential bank regulation and to facilitate information sharing among a range of state and non-state actors. While privately incorporated and underwritten by its member central banks, the BIS is fundamentally a service provider with quasi-non-governmental organization, ‘quango’, status. This paper traces the evolution of this unique international quango, stressing the development of the Basle Accords of 1988 and 2004, and how the BIS uses informal and formal networks of elite policymakers to create a normative consensus that compensates for its lack of formal enforcement mechanisms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7370 Files in this item: 1
intl_quango_policy_change11.pdf (100.5Kb) -
A case Study of SAPAntero, Michelle C.; Hedman, Jonas; Henningsson, Stefan (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The ERP industry has undergone dramatic changes over the past decades due to changing market demands, thereby creating new challenges and opportunities, which have to be managed by ERP vendors. This paper inquires into the necessary evolution of business models in a technology-intensive industry (e.g., develop new offerings, engage in partnerships, and the utilize new sales channels). This paper draws from strategy process perspective to develop an evolutionary business model (EBM) framework that explains the components and processes involved. The framework is then applied to a longitudinal case study of SAP to explain how its success in a technology-intensive industry hinges on its ability to reconfigure its business model. The paper contributes to the extant literature on business models in two ways: first, by identifying and explaining the need for an evolutionary perspective; and second, by adopting different value configurations to reflect the convergence of customers, suppliers and vendors. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8725 Files in this item: 1
Jonas_Hedman_2.pdf (634.5Kb) -
Context and ContentKjær, Peter (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Over the last three decades, business news has become an area of growth in most industrialized countries. This report, which is part of a Nordic research project on the rise of the business press, describes how the field of business news production has evolved in Denmark. Based on a large quantitative analysis of news content in two Danish dailies, "Berlingske Tidende" and "Børsen", the report first shows how a market for business news has developed, and then shows how the volume of business news has expanded and the content features and formats of business news have changed with the development of the field. The analysis suggests that with the expansion of business news a dual process of professionalization and popularization of business journalism has occurred. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7344 Files in this item: 1
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Sørensen, Lars B.; Holst, Lisa L. (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper at hand presents an extension and application of Kotzab & Madlbergers (Kotzab & Madlberger, 2001) original clicks-and-mortar web-scan framework, which is here used to reexamine the click-and-mortar activities of the top 100 Danish retailers and compare with results from the identical study last year. The first part of the paper describes the development and rationale behind the model used, the second part describes the results obtained and describes the evolution by analysing data from 2001, 2002 and 2003. The empirical results show a shift toward selling in the internet channel, and a differentiation between the most sophisticated sites: they focus on either Marketing or Logistics processes! URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6291 Files in this item: 1
working paper no. 03 2003.pdf (1.939Mb) -
Knudsen, Thorbjørn (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: How does population dynamics influence outcomes in situations with public good characteristics? The present paper answers this question by analysing the evolution of costly cooperation in a multi-group population. Building on insights first developed in modern biology the idea of viscous population equilibria is introduced (a population is said to be viscous when a (sub)population of players is spatially or genetically clustered). A simple model then analyses how the combined effect of viscosity within multiple subgroups and different levels of between-group segregation influences the evolution of cooperation. The results suggest that a key issue in the evolution of cooperation is the shifting balance between the need to protect cooperators and propagation of the tendency to cooperate. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6880 Files in this item: 1
linkwp01-26.pdf (110.6Kb) -
Studied in the context of medical device activities at the pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk A/S in the period 1980-2008Stjernholm Madsen, Arne (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Increased globalization in business competition makes the ability to innovate and to redefine strategy crucial to a company. An interesting question however is if a management team can control innovation and strategic renewal of the company at all; or do such changes emerge, driven by external events or by bottom-up processes in the organization? The present research project addresses some of these issues through the overall research question “How does innovation strategy evolve?” The research question is examined in a specific empirical context. Since 2001, I have worked as an internal innovation consultant at Novo Nordisk A/S; a pharmaceutical firm founded in 1923 operating in a well established industry (insulin for diabetes treatment), characterized by intensive investments in Research and Development. I took advantage of this unique access to the internal life of an organization and consequently set up my research project as a longitudinal in-depth case study of the medical device innovation activities at Novo Nordisk A/S covering the period 1980-2008. The study specifically analyzes the relationship between the classic core product of the firm (insulin) and complementary products (medical devices, such as insulin ‘pens’), which hold the potential to either enhance the value of the core product, or to become a distinct business of its own. Burgelman’s evolutionary theory of strategy making, especially his ‘internal ecology model’ (Burgelman 1991, 2002), has been chosen as the basic theoretical framework for the project. Some expansions of this framework, however, were needed. First, the present study puts greater emphasis on analyzing the external environment and its influence on internal strategy processes. Second, the analysis includes the role of management cognition, especially the notion of the corporate dominant logic (Prahalad & Bettis, 1986; Bettis & Prahalad, 1995), understood as an enduring top management worldview or mindset based on reinforcement of experiences from the past. With regard to results, the present study identifies a more entrepreneurial role of the top management driven induced strategy process than traditionally described in evolutionary theory. In this case study, strategic variation and trial-and-error learning is not restricted to the autonomous initiatives in the ‘internal ecology’; on the contrary, top management cognition creates strategic visions or hypotheses, which are enacted as experiments in the market, for example in the form of new product categories. External feedback determines the destiny of these strategic experiments. Thereby innovation strategy (in case, for medical devices) serves as a strategic laboratory at corporate level, so to speak. The device-based strategic experiments face the challenge of escaping the gravity of the dominant logic, which repeatedly pulls the strategy back towards the well-known success formula, centered on the drug itself (i.e. the insulin). Thus, the induced strategy process mediates core assets (pharmaceutical drugs) and complementary assets (medical devices), by swinging the pendulum between cycles of innovation strategy which define the devices as core or complementary respectively. Hence, the balance between what is defined as core and what is defined as complementary in the corporate innovation strategy seems to be dynamic and negotiable. As a consequence of the cycles of strategic experimentation, the corporate induced strategy process acts as a force of strategic entrepreneurship, seen over extended time. The implications for research point towards a new paradigm of strategic research in the ‘middle ground’ between rational choice theory and evolutionary theory, as proposed by Gavetti & Levinthal (2004). The present research project suggests that a firm’s ability for strategic adaptation depends both on strategic context determination of autonomous initiatives in the ‘internal ecology’ and on ability to enact induced strategic experiments with alternating innovation strategies in the market. This theory of ‘inbound’ and ‘outbound’ strategic search establishes a dynamic understanding of the corporate induced strategy process. In this understanding, innovation strategies act as hypotheses, which create strategic dissonance between vision and reality and thereby drive strategic learning. The implications for management practice are first recognition of how fortunate it has been for Novo Nordisk to sustain the core business strategy, protected by the dominant logic. This fact relates to a background where the core market proved to hold immense growth potential, and the industry was relatively stable compared to for instance the IT industry. On the other hand, Novo Nordisk’s success is partly due to cycles of strategic experiments with complementary assets for innovation, in case medical devices. Top management initiated these explorative experiments and the learning was utilized for expansion of the position within the core business. Hence, one can conclude that a company should explore and utilize the value of complementary assets, since these are perfect tools for strategic experimentation without risking the core business. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8453 Files in this item: 1
Arne_Stjernholm_Madsen.pdf (5.387Mb)