Titler
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Moberg, Kåre (Frederiksberg, 2012)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In this book chapter I present a multidimensional entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) scale. The scale builds on three established ESE-scales, but the reliability of it is improved compared to the original three scales as the highly discipline-specific jargon is transformed to a more neutral wording of the items. The scale has been tested in a large scale survey including 445 students from twelve different programmes at three universities in Denmark and one university in Sweden. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has been applied in order to investigate the multidimensionality of the items in the scale, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been applied to investigate its convergent, discriminatory and nomological validity. The results demonstrate support for a multidimensional ESE-scale with high predictive validity regarding entrepreneurial behaviours and with high reliability as the items are comprehensible to respondents, regardless if they have entrepreneurial experience or not. The scale can thus be used in programme evaluations that include control groups or other type of individuals that lack entrepreneurial experience. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8565 Filer i denne post: 1
Moberg_SMGWP2012_6.pdf (855.5Kb) -
From opportunity discovery to judgmentFoss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G. (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Entrepreneurship has become a fast-growing subfield in management research, and is increasingly appearing in economics, finance, and even law. We survey a number of approaches to entrepreneurship in the economics and management literatures, and argue that modern research in this area need to be focused around ideas from Austrian economics and Frank Knight on entrepreneurial judgment. We critically discuss the recent opportunity discovery literature in management, and argue that it has partially misunderstood the Austrian origins of the theory, and fails to ade-quately distinguish between opportunity identification and opportunity exploitation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7485 Filer i denne post: 1
smg wp 2008-05.pdf (347.1Kb) -
Klein, Peter (København, 1998)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Foss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G. (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Entrepreneurship is ultimately about the arrangement of resources into productive activi-ties. Much of the entrepreneurship literature, however, has focused on the demand side of the market. While resource heterogeneity is a feature of many theories of the firm, such theories are not built on a systematic theory of capital. We show how the approach to capital developed by the Austrian school of economics provides a natural bridge between theory of entrepreneurship and the theory of the firm. We refine Austrian capital theory by defining capital heterogeneity in terms of subjectively perceived attributes, the func-tions, characteristics, and uses of capital assets. Such attributes are not given, but have to be created or discovered by means of entrepreneurial action. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7443 Filer i denne post: 1
smg wp 2008-03.pdf (348.5Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G.; Bylund, Per L. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The study of entrepreneurship and the study of economic organizing lack contact. In fact, the modern theory of the firm virtually ignores entrepreneurship, while the literature on entrepreneurship often sees little value in the economic theory of the firm. In contrast, we argue in this chapter that entrepreneurship theory and the theory of the firm can be usefully integrated, and that doing so would improve both bodies of theory. Adding the entrepreneur to the theory of the firm provides a dynamic view that the overly static analysis of firm organizing cannot support. Moreover, adding the firm to the study of the entrepreneur provides important clues to how we can understand entrepreneurship. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8250 Filer i denne post: 1
SMG WP 6_2011.pdf (160.0Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai Juul; Klein, Peter G. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In Knight‟s (1921) view, firm organization, profit and loss, and entrepreneurship are inex tricably linked. These phenomena arise as an embodiment, a result, and a cause, respectively, of commercial experimentation a view founded on a particular ontology of the world as essentially open - ended and not deterministic (1921: chapter 7). Few econom ists have followed Knight in linking the firm, profit and loss, and entrepreneurship, 1 especially from his philosophical starting points. And yet, as we noted in the beginning of this book, there are many good reasons to treat the theory of entrepreneurship and the theory of the firm together. Such a synthesis informs many foundational ques tions in economics, business strategy, and public policy: Can we meaningfully address entrepreneurship without considering the organization in which such entrepreneurship takes place? How does the structure of the firm influence entrepreneurial actions? Ho w does firm organization (e.g., the allocation of residual income and control rights) affect the quantity and quality of entrepreneurial ideas? And so on. To answer theses, we need to bring the theory of the firm and entrepreneurship literatures into close contact. And yet, the important connections between these two bodies of literature have been largely overlooked. We seek to identify and establish some of those connections in this and the next two chapters. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8291 Filer i denne post: 1
Foss_Klein_2011_SMG_WP.pdf (397.9Kb) -
Any Gains from Trade?Foss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G. (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Though they developed in isolation, the theory of entrepreneurship and the economic theory of the firm can be usefully integrated. In particular, the concept of entrepreneurship as judgment associated with Knight (1921) and some Austrian school economists aligns naturally with the theory of the firm. Because judgment cannot be purchased on the market, the entrepreneur needs a firm — a set of alienable assets he controls — to carry out his function. We show how this notion of judgment illuminates key themes in the modern theory of the firm (existence, boundaries, and internal organization). In our approach, resource uses are not data, but are created as entrepreneurs envision new ways of using assets to produce final goods. The entrepreneur’s problem is aggravated by the fact that capital assets are heterogeneous. Asset ownership allows the entrepreneur to experiment with novel combinations of heterogeneous assets. The boundaries of the firm, as well as aspects of internal organization, may also be understood as responses to entrepreneurial processes of experimentation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7309 Filer i denne post: 1
ckg-wp 2004-11.pdf (200.5Kb) -
Any Gains from TradeFoss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G. (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Although they have developed very much in isolation from each other, we argue the theory of entrepreneurship and the economic theory of the firm are closely related, and each has much to learn from the other. In particular, the notion of entrepreneurship as judgment associated with Frank Knight and some Austrian school economists aligns naturally with the theory of the firm. In this perspective, the entrepreneur needs a firm, that is, a set of alienable assets he controls, to carry out his function. We further show how this notion of judgment adds to the key themes in the modern theory of the firm (i.e., the existence, boundaries, and internal organization). In our approach, resource uses are not data, but are created as entrepreneurs envision new ways of using assets to produce goods. The entrepreneur’s decision problem is aggravated by the fact that capital assets are heterogeneous. Asset ownership facilitates experimenting entrepreneurship: Acquiring a bundle of property rights is a low cost means of carrying out commercial experimentation. In this approach, the existence of the firm may be understood in terms of limits to the market for judgment relating to novel uses of heterogeneous assets; and the boundaries of the firm, as well as aspects of internal organization, may be understood as being responsive to entrepreneurial processes of experimentation. Key words: Entrepreneurship, heterogeneous assets, judgment, ownership, firm boundaries, internal organization. JEL Codes: B53, D23, L2 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6429 Filer i denne post: 1
04-12.pdf (343.6Kb) -
Olaison, Lena (Frederiksberg, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This PhD dissertation is based on four published articles. It operates within the processual view of entrepreneurship studies (Steyaert, 1997), which draws on process philosophy to develop research strategies (Sørensen, 2005). The research has been guided by two strategies for understanding entrepreneurship: ‘moving’ (e.g. Steyaert and Hjorth, 2003) and ‘unveiling’ (e.g. Jones and Spicer, 2009). These strategies have so far been pursued largely in the conceptual domain, and this doctoral dissertation is an effort to take them a step further by combining empirical investigation and philosophical reflection. The aim is to investigate how a processual study of entrepreneurship ‘should be worked out’ in practice (Kristensen, Lopdrup-Hjorth and Sørensen, 2014). The first two studies contribute an empirically informed conceptualisation of entrepreneurship, the first focused on how organisations are created, the second providing stories of emerging practices of female entrepreneurs. Though they aim to provide alternative conceptualisations, they remain firmly rooted in ‘traditional’ social science, offering alternative approaches to the dominant understandings of entrepreneurship, and utilizing accepted and traditional methodologies and theories. The last two papers are more experimental in their design. The aim is still to problematize discursive or practical aspects of entrepreneurship and processes around entrepreneurship, but also to investigate alternative methods for creating knowledge. The third study explores the somewhat paradoxical results of SME support schemes and develops a role-play-enhanced focus group technique. The fourth study is based on an organisational ethnography in antiquarian bookshops and experiments with fictional accounts and literary techniques as methods to generate knowledge. The contribution of this dissertation to processual studies in entrepreneurship research is twofold. The first two papers are illustrations of an application of process concepts, while the last two papers illustrate the attempt to create process concepts. Taken together, the studies demonstrate how a processual study of entrepreneurship might be worked out in practice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8917 Filer i denne post: 1
Lena_Olaison.pdf (1.130Mb) -
Report from a workshop 6-8 September 2010Schaumburg-Müller, Henrik; Jeppesen, Søren; Langevang, Thilde (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This working paper is a report from the workshop on Entrepreneurship Development arranged by the Centre for Business and Development Studies at CBS and the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs in September 2010. The objective of the workshop was to use the participants’ joint knowledge and experiences to discuss and provide conclusions on what role entrepreneurship development has played and can play to stimulate growth and employment in Africa. Entrepreneurship development is understood as the promotion and development of activities and processes that foster and support productive entrepreneurship in the society. The workshop should provide inputs to how entrepreneurship in Africa can be supported and be used in the development and implementation of the “Growth and Employment” priority of the new Danish strategy for development cooperation. The workshop had twenty participants with long standing insight to the challenges of entrepreneurship development and employment growth in Africa from international organizations, development cooperation partners, universities and private enterprises and organizations. The report contains the key issues discussed at the workshop and ends with conclusions and recommendations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8208 Filer i denne post: 1
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Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This chapter discusses entrepreneurship in the context of the RBV. What does the RBV have to say that the study of entrepreneurship may usefully draw on? And, conversely, how can entrepreneurship research further the RBV? I begin by sketching the RBV. I then discuss the relation between the RBV and entrepreneurship research, before I characterize a new research stream that has emerged over the last decade or so in the intersection of the RBV and entrepreneurship research, namely “strategic entrepreneurship.” URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8251 Filer i denne post: 1
SMG WP 8_2011.pdf (234.9Kb) -
Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj; Schjerning, Bertel; Sørensen, Anders (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper analyses the importance of entrepreneurs for job creation and wage growth. Relying on unique data that covers all plants, firms and individuals in the Danish private sector, we are able to distil a number of different measures of entrepreneurial plants from the set of new plants, including measures that much more precisely capture the "truly new” or "entrepreneurial” plants than in previous studies. Using these data, we find that while new plants in general account for one third of the gross job creation in the economy, entrepreneurial plants are responsible for between 15% and 25% of this, and thus only account for up to 8% of total gross job creation in the economy. However, entrepreneurial plants seem to generate more additional jobs than other new plants in the years following entry. Finally, the jobs generated by entrepreneurial plants are to a large extent low-wage jobs, as they are not found to contribute to the growth in average wages. However, this insight varies across the different types of entrepreneurial plants. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7713 Filer i denne post: 1
dp 2008-13.pdf (122.6Kb) -
Towards a new SynthesisFoss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G.; Kor, Yasemin Y.; Mahoney, Joseph T. (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper maintains that the consistent application of subjectivism helps to reconcile contemporary entrepreneurship theory with strategic management research in general, and the resource−based view in particular. The paper synthesizes theoretical insights from Austrian economics and Penrose’s (1959) resources approach, arguing that entrepreneurship is inherently subjective and firm specific. This new synthesis describes how entrepreneurship is manifested in teams, and is driven by both heterogeneity of managerial mental models and shared team experiences. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7463 Filer i denne post: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 67.pdf (455.7Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai Juul; Foss, Kirsten (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper responds to Kim and Mahoney’s "How Property Rights Economics Furthers the Resource-Based View: Resources, Transaction Costs and Entrepreneurial Discovery" (a comment on Foss and Foss, 2005). While we agree with many of their arguments, we argue that they fail to recognize how exactly transaction costs and property rights shape the process of entrepreneurial discovery. We provide a sketch of the mechanisms that link entrepreneurship, property rights, and transaction costs in a resource-based setting, contributing further to the attempt to take the RBV in a more dynamic direction. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7476 Filer i denne post: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 47.pdf (357.2Kb) -
Ramirez, Jacobo; Gómez, Sergio Manuel Madero; Muñiz, Carlos (Frederiksberg, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This research aims to investigate the various direct and indirect impacts of organized violence and crime on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as entrepreneurs’ responses to violent acts. A mixed-method design based on a quantitative content analysis of 204 news stories found in the international press and a multi-case study covering 10 SMEs operating in Monterrey, Mexico, is used to explore entrepreneurs’ responses to the direct and indirect effects of violent acts. The results highlight the dynamic between informal and formal institutions in SMEs’ attempts to survive in complex institutional contexts. Future studies based on the results of this research could enhance the literature on SMEs and entrepreneurs in emerging markets. The results, which illustrate entrepreneurs’ responses to violent acts, enhance our understanding of the emerging operational and managerial strategies of SMEs operating in complex institutional contexts. The findings highlight the emerging process of social change in Mexican society among members of the middle class, and various attempts to fight back against organized violence and crime in a non-violent manner. SMEs are important in Mexico and Latin America. However, the understanding of the direct and indirect impacts of organized crime and violence on SMEs is limited. This research identifies and analyzes the emerging responses of entrepreneurs to these institutional constraints. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9001 Filer i denne post: 1
Ramirez_madero_and_muniz_wp1.pdf (339.9Kb) -
Meyer, Klaus; Tran, Yen Thi Thu (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are expanding their global reach, carrying their products and brands to ever more remote corners of the world. They encounter business environments that vary not only from their country of origin, but also vary greatly amongst each other. Thus foreign investors have to adapt their strategies, most notably their marketing and acquisition strategies, to the local context. In this paper, we outline why globalisation drives MNEs into emerging economies, and we provide conceptual frameworks that may aid investors to adapt their strategies to emerging economy contexts. MNEs have to develop a portfolio of local and/or global brands that matches their competences with local needs. If they aim for market leadership they may pursue a multi-tier strategy, but this needs to be supported by an appropriate foundation of global and local resources. This strategy in particular requires the acquisition of complementary local resources controlled by local firms. However, acquisitions in emerging economies are inhibited by institutional obstacles and weak local firms. Thus, foreign investors may pursue staged, multiple, indirect, or Brownfield acquisitions to build their projected operation. We illustrate our proposed strategies by analysing how one multination enterprise - Carlsberg Breweries - has developed its operations in three very different emerging economies: Poland, Lithuania and Vietnam. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7071 Filer i denne post: 1
working paper 2004-50.pdf (334.0Kb) -
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greenfield, acquisition, and brownfieldMeyer, Klaus E.; Estrin, Saul (København, 1999)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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managing the environment in an open economyEriksen, Janne; Hansen, Michael W. (København, 1999)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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new challenges for environmental and foreign policiesTemme, Cornelia B.; Koch, Christine (København, 1999)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]