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Abstract: In security, as in other areas, the emergence of transnational private organizations with a central role in governance poses profound challenges to established conceptions of international politics and democracy. This paper discusses one side of this challenge by looking at accountability of private security companies (PSCs). PSCs have become authorities in their own right in the security sphere. This has raised the question of their accountability and also resulted in considerable efforts to improve the accountability of the firms. This paper looks at why these efforts bear so little fruit. It begins by pointing to the tension involved in any effort to hold an authority (private or public) accountable, namely the tension between the centrality of acceptance for authority and accountability measures that necessarily involve contestation. It then proceeds to analyse this tension in the case of PSCs. The paper argues that PSCs’ status as experts on risk and entrepreneurs of security mobilizes a favourable bias, making contestation less likely. The difficulty of seeing and/or admitting that PSCs are independent actors in turn makes contestation of their activities seem ill-directed and unnecessary. The point made in this paper that this, rather than sheer complexity or hidden political agendas, is key for understanding the present rather puzzling lack of (democratic) accountability of PSCs and its likely continuation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6985 Files in this item: 1
leander_isa07_woc-wp89.pdf (174.0Kb) -
Lage Hansen, Jakob (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: It is argued that specificity is inadequate to explain hold-up, as the definition is imprecise as to which party incurs a loss if an asset is redeployed. If both parties to a transaction incur a loss when an asset is redeployed, neither party can credibly hold up the other party. Also the concept does not address expectations. It is the expected loss (not the actual loss) of parties that will drive attempts at hold-up. Therefore focusing on specificity when talking hold-up can be misleading. As a consequence the concept of importance is introduced. The importance of an asset to a firm is the expected loss to the firm if access to the asset is lost. Various determinants of importance are discussed by using a formal framework. Implications are forwarded, and it is argued that the relative importance of the parties has to change for hold-up to occur. One-sided specific investments inherently lead to mutual importance, which mitigates hold-up. Situations without specificity can lead to hold-up if expectations are asymmetric. Lastly, hold-up does not imply a hold-up problem. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6883 Files in this item: 1
linkwp02-13.pdf (181.7Kb) -
Duguid, Paul (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Glazer, Amihai; Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We consider the effects of income redistribution when people can migrate from one country to another, and when land within each country is heterogeneous. Taxes related to income can then affect property values, and can induce migration, which further affects property values. We show that under these conditions a utilitarian government should never equalize after-tax incomes. If migration is impossible, it may even transfer income from the poor to the rich, reducing the rents earned by absentee landlords. The redistributive tax on the rich may be higher or lower when the rich can migrate than when they cannot. A Rawlsian government in the absence of mobility will equalize after-tax incomes. Under mobility, Rawlsian governments cut their taxes if and only if the relative pre-tax income of the poor is sufficiently low. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7689 Files in this item: 1
dp 2008-05.pdf (163.9Kb) -
Brian Loasby and the Theory of the FirmJ. Foss, Nicolai (København, 1997)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper begins by providing a brief overview and discussion of the modern economics of organization, concentrating in particular on the work of incomplete contract theorists. I then turn to a discussion of Loasby’s view of the firm and incomplete contracts. The point here is that while Loasby begins from the same recognition as modern incomplete theorists, that contractual incompleteness is a necessary component of a theory of the firm, the causes and consequences of contractual incompleteness are widely different. Thus, Loasby sees incompleteness as a distinct virtue because it allows for organizational learning, whereas incompleteness in the modern economics of organization is seen as a distinct problem because it opens the door to incentive conflicts. I end by speculating on how Loasby’s non-mainstream ideas on economic organization may be related to some relatively mainstream ideas about alternative gameforms and real options. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8112 Files in this item: 1
x644598939.pdf (181.6Kb) -
Sørensen, Morten (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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Blomgren-Hansen, Niels; Møllgaard, H. Peter (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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Hardt, Daniel; Elming, Jakob (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A method is presented for incremental retraining of an SMT system, in which a local phrase table is created and incrementally updated as a file is translated and post-edited. It is shown that translation data from within the same file has higher value than other domain-specific data. In two technical domains, within-file data increases BLEU score by several full points. Furthermore, a strong recency effect is documented; nearby data within the file has greater value than more distant data. It is also shown that the value of translation data is strongly correlated with a metric defined over new occurrences of ngrams. Finally, it is argued that the incremental re-training prototype could serve as the basis for a practical system which could be interactively updated in real time in a post-editing setting. Based on the results here, such an interactive system has the potential to dramatically improve translation quality. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8272 Files in this item: 1
Hardt_Elming.pdf (201.1Kb) -
Thoughts on a Micro-Foundations Project for Strategic Management and Organizational AnalysisFelin, Teppo; Foss, Nicolai J. (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Making links between micro and macro levels has been problematic in the social sciences, and the literature in strategic management and organization theory is no exception The purpose of this chapter is to raise theoretical issues in developing micro-foundations for strategic management and organizational analysis We discuss more general problems with collectivism in the social sciences by focusing on specific problems in extant organizational analysis We introduce microfoundations to the literature by explicating the underlying theoretical foundations of the origins of individual action and interaction We highlight opportunities for future research, specifically emphasizing the need for a rational choice program in management research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7470 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 39.pdf (4.296Mb) -
Lessons from Special Education in FinlandSabel, Charles; Saxenian, AnnaLee; Miettinen, Reijo; Hull Kristensen, Peer; Hautamäki, Jarkko (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8206 Files in this item: 1
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Fehr, Hans; Habermann, Christian (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The present paper studies the growth and efficiency consequences of tax-favored individual retirement accounts in a general equilibrium overlapping generations model with idiosyncratic lifespan and labor income uncertainty. We distinguish between economies with rational and with hyperbolic consumers and compare the consequences of mandatory and voluntary retirement plans with and without annuitized benefits. While a full taxation of capital income yields the highest efficiency gains in the rational consumer model, annuitization and hyperbolic discounting substantially improve the economic efficiency of IRAs. We also show that annuitization alters the intergenerational welfare consequences of the reform substantially, since it reduces accidental bequests. Finally, even if mandatory saving programs have a clear cost advantage, they are only recommendable if consumers are myopic. individual retirement accounts, annuities, stochastic general equilibrium, hyperbolic consumers URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7710 Files in this item: 1
artikel 11.pdf (258.2Kb) -
En case-samlingHelbo, Martin; Jakobsen, Jesper; Gammelgaard, Britta (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Dette working paper er en samling af case beskrivelser angående indkøbspraksisser i Danmark. Case-dataene er indsamlede i efteråret 2003 og foråret 2004. Alle beskrivelser er validerede af de deltagende virksomheder. I den oprindelige undersøgelse var 10 virksomheder repræsenterede, men én af case-virksomhederne valgte desværre at trække sig ud af undersøgelsen på grund af meget store ændringer i virksomhedens grundlag. Dette ændrer dog ikke det samlede billede af, at indkøbspraksisserne i virksomhederne er i opbrud. Indkøbet bliver i stadig stigende grad opfattet som en vigtig brik til strømlining af forsyningskæden "upstream" mod råvareleverandørerne. En egentlig case-analyse vil kunne findes i kommende publikationer af de tre forfattere. Case beskrivelserne er en vigtig del af datagrundlaget i projektet "Indkøbspraksisser i et SCMperspektiv", der er finansieret af Center for Underleverandører i Herning. Dataene er hovedsagelig tilvejebragt via interviews med indkøbsansvarlige i de pågældende case-virksomheder. I den forbindelse vil vi gerne rette en stor tak til de personer og virksomheder, der velvilligt har stillet sig til rådighed med indsigt i de processer, der strukturerer dagens indkøb. Når vi har valgt at udgive beskrivelserne i et working paper og ikke blot lade dem samle støv i en skuffe som datagrundlag for videnskabelige publikationer, er det fordi, vi håber, at beskrivelserne kan inspirere andre end os selv, eksempelvis virksomheder og nuværende og kommende studerende med interesse i indkøbspraksisser. Nøgleord: sourcing, indkøb, underleverandører, segmentering af indkøb URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6290 Files in this item: 1
wp2004-03.pdf (394.2Kb) -
Cumberland, Flemming (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Udgangspunktet for dette working paper vil være en række teoriområder, som er valgt ud fra den opfattelse, at de er centrale repræsentanter for udviklingen indenfor det erhvervsøkonomiske genstandsområde – med såvel aktuel som potentiel værdi for overvejelser og beslutninger vedrørende indtrængning på internationale markeder. Udviklingen i de udvalgte teoriområder vil have form af en kronologisk redegørelse, hvor der fokuseres på deres forudsætninger, indhold og anvendelse samt potentielle relevans og betydning for indtrængningsproblematikken. Dette giver mulighed for at arbejde med teorierne på metaplan samtidigt med, at forskningen kan vurderes i forhold til K.B. Madsens almene metateori, Karl Poppers falsifikationsprincip, Imre Lakatos’ forskningsprogrammer samt Thomas Kuhns paradigme-begreb. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6661 Files in this item: 1
working paper 2005-001.pdf (424.6Kb) -
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Abstract: Based on diverse research methods, we trace and map industrial economics research in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the periode of 1880 to 1908. After describing this research in terms of key contributors, we argue that industrial economics developed rather unevenly in the Scandinavian countries. Danish research was mainly theoretical and strongly oriented towards the international context, whereas Norwegian research was largely industry analysis with a strong leaning towards managerial economics. Swedish research in industrial economics is very scant until the end of the 1960s. JEL Code: B1, B2, B3, D2, D4, L1, L2, L4 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7539 Files in this item: 1
wpec182004.pdf (1.490Mb) -
Skov, Lise (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Analyser af industrialisme byggede indtil for tyve-tredive år siden på en narrativ figur – ’fra håndværk til industri’. I vores postindustrielle samfund hvor butikkerne ligger tæt, og der er langt til fabrikkerne, må denne analysefigur suppleres med et nyt slutpunkt, så den forløber ’fra håndværk til industri til globaliseret industrinetværk’. Der er opstået et nyt grundlag for en globaliseret industrikultur baseret på en voksende afstand mellem produktion og forbrug. I denne artikel analyseres den danske og europæiske pelsbranche ud fra denne tre-punktsfigur. Pels har aldrig været et skoleeksempel på industrialismens udviklingsparadigme. På grund af pelsbranchens særlige materielle udfordringer – hvert skind er unikt, og det kræver en stor viden at bearbejde det – har det været svært for branchen at følge med industriudviklingen og høste de stordriftsfordele, som andre brancher gjorde i efterkrigstiden. Den fortsatte næsten håndværksmæssige organisering satte branchen så meget udenfor modens og industriens netværk, at den ikke havde mange venner tilbage, da dyrerettighedsbevægelsen i 1980erne lancerede en række anti-pelskampagner. Under efterfølgende krise og omstrukturering er branchens organisation blevet ændret, således at pelsbeklædningsproduktion i dag er koncentreret i Kina, mens distribution og salg er knyttet til internationale designermærker. Denne del af branchens strategiske repositionering kan i høj grad tilskrives markedsføringsorganisationen Saga, der er finansieret af de nordiske pelsdyravlere og beliggende i Danmark. Denne artikels overordnede argumentation er, at denne omstrukturering sammen med den voksende interesse for etik og forbrugerpolitik har været den afgørende forudsætning for pelsens tilbagevenden i modebilledet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7794 Files in this item: 1
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An interpretation of the bicycle industryMikkola, Juliana Hsuan (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper aims at describing network dynamics through the lenses of modularity. Different types of networks exist as ways of coping with the dynamics of industry demands that are based on modular product architectures. In order to distinguish between different types of mechanisms in which networks (operating with modular product architectures may) evolve, two types of networks are introduced: ‘marketdriven product architecture network’ (i.e., when the industrial network is driven by product architecture that is controlled by the market) and ‘firm-driven product architecture network’ (when the industrial network is driven by product architecture that is controlled by the firm). The history of the technological development of bicycle, since 1890s to 1990s, illustrates how the bicycle industry survived two cycles of disaggregation-concentration. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6286 Files in this item: 1
linkwp02-11.pdf (263.9Kb) -
Minbaeva, Dana; Park, Chansoo; Vertinsky, Ilan (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the influence of knowledge senders’ willingness to share knowledge, their disseminative capacities and the knowledge-transfer opportunities they create on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. We develop a theoretical framework that examines the impacts of key knowledge-senders’ abilities and behaviors on the knowledge-transfer process. We test our theory using survey data collected from 199 South Korean IJVs. We find that the willingness of foreign parent firms to share knowledge is manifested in their efforts to increase their abilities to articulate and codify knowledge, and to apply those skills to the codification of knowledge relevant to their IJVs. A willingness to share knowledge also plays a role in increasing the opportunities for two-way interactions, especially face-to-face interactions between the parents and their IJVs. The impact of the abilities of foreign parent firms to articulate and codify knowledge for transfer is mediated by the efficacy of their organizational communication systems. We also find that the opportunities created for the transfer of explicit knowledge have a significant impact on such transfers. However, opportunities for transfer of tacit knowledge only have an impact when senders and receivers have similar products and technologies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8625 Files in this item: 1
Minbaeva_Park_Vertinsky_SMGWP2013_2.pdf (991.3Kb) -
a crucial capability for value creation in the network economyFoss, Nicolai Juul (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Kolm, Ann-Sofie; Larsen, Birthe (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper develops a four sector equilibrium search and matching model with informal sector employment opportunities and educational choice. We show that underground activities reduce educational at- tainments if informal employment opportunities mainly are available to low educated workers. More zealous enforcement policy will in this case improve educational incentives as it reduces the attractiveness of remaining a low educated worker. Characterizing the optimal enforce- ment policies, we nd that relatively more audits should be targeted towards the sector employing low educated workers, elsewise a too low stock of educated workers is materialized. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8328 Files in this item: 1
Kolm_Larsen_WP_2-2011.pdf (309.1Kb) -
Understanding Romance and Germanic Compounding in a Lexico-typological PerspectiveMüller, Henrik Høeg (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The title of my talk is “Informational balance. Understanding Romance and Germanic Compounding in a lexico-typological perspective”. What I basically mean by informational balance is that semantic content is distributed systematically differently between nouns and verbs in the Romance and Germanic languages, and that this distribution is complementary. I shall explain that in detail in a minute, but first I shall introduce you to the problem, which I believe can be explained on the basis of this idea about “informational balance”. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8281 Files in this item: 1
Full Paper Berlin (sep 2010).pdf (110.5Kb)