Browsing by Year Published
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Junge, Martin; Severgnini, Battista; Sørensen, Anders (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The role of product and marketing innovation for productivity growth is addressed using survey and register data for the Danish economy. It is argued that marketing and product innovation are complementary inputs and that innovation activities are skill-intensive. It is found that product and marketing innovation in skill-intensive firms results in significantly faster productivity growth than in unskilled-intensive firms that introduce this combination of innovation activities. More precisely, an increase in the share of educated workers of one percentage point, increases productivity growth by around 0.1 percentage point in firms with product and marketing innovation. In addition, it is found that firms that engage in product innovation but not in marketing innovation or the other way around do not demonstrate a growth effect from their innovation activities. It is also found that product and marketing innovation has an independent role in productivity growth that cannot be attributed to organisational changes, even though the majority of innovative firms engage in this latter innovation type. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8468 Files in this item: 1
JungeSevergniniSoerensen-WP-1-2012.pdf (417.0Kb) -
Dalgaard, Carl-Johan; Schultz, Esben Anton; Sørensen, Anders (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Is the wage gap between majors in human arts and other fields caused by their education per se? If the educational choice is endogenous, the gap may instead be caused by selection. We document that individuals’ educational choice is correlated with that of older students, and argue that it should not influence wages directly. Exploiting this "cohort dependence" as an instrument for educational choice, our 2SLS estimates show that the hourly wage gap is attributable to selection. However, only half of the gap in annual earnings is explained by selection, whereas the other half is due to lower work hours. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8521 Files in this item: 1
dalgaard_schultz_sorensen_2012.pdf (476.2Kb) -
An Ethnography of a Juried Ceramic Art Exhibition in JapanMoeran, Brian (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article discusses the social processes among members of a panel of jurors required to award a major prize to one of the submissions to a national ceramics exhibition in Japan. Uniquely based on participant observation-style fieldwork, the article details the voting procedures and (inconclusive) results, before analysing why one particular potter’s submission was selected for the Princess Chichibu Cup. It shows how social relations, rather than aesthetic taste, influenced the final choice, since jury members operated according to an informal pecking order that depended on pre-existing networks and reputations, themselves determined by seniority and age. The fact that judges did not overtly resort to aesthetic criteria when making their evaluations meant that they considered each submission in relation to other submissions, rather than on their own particular merits. They thus ended up comparing ‘incommensurate flaws’, rather than making a selection according to agreed ‘merit’. And yet ‘meritocratic principles’ seem to prevail in the longer term cumulative recognition of potters who are awarded prizes at such exhibitions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8510 Files in this item: 1
Brian_Moeran_2012.pdf (266.7Kb) -
Lyck, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article presents core questions and problems related to the role of culture in society, to culture policy and it outlines some instruments, models and practices that can be applied to promote culture. The intention of the article is to function as a platform for discussion of the role of culture in the society and of financing cultural activities. As this is a big field to cover this article intends to only focus on core questions and on outlining drafts for solutions: In other words the purpose of the article is to function as an appetizer and as a driver for discussion of dealing with culture activities in the public and the private sector, looking at it from an EU perspective, national perspective and a regional/local perspective. An additional purpose is to focus on the field seen in relation to economic business cycles with special attention to recession and economic and financial downturn developments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8478 Files in this item: 1
Lyck_2012_4.pdf (61.08Kb) -
Hvorfor og hvordan?Lyck, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Turisme regnes som et af verdens største erhverv. UNWTO, der er turismens hovedorganisa-tion globalt har opgjort antal ansatte til 235 mio., dvs. 9,2 % af alle job, og turismens andel af verdens bruttonationalprodukt (BNP) til 9,7 %. Turismen fortsætter med at vokse. Økono-misk krise og finanskrise, askesky mv. har betydet kortvarige afvigelser fra væksttrenden og enkelte ændringer i udviklingen af turismedestination. Europa modtager langt de fleste turister, og turismen er derfor et meget stort erhverv i de fleste EU-lande. Fra Kommissionens side er der nu - siden turisme med Lissabon traktaten er blevet et EU anliggende - pr. 30. juni 2010 udformet et mål om, at EU skal være verdens turismedestination nr. 1 og en politik, der omfatter 21 punkter, se for eksempel Lise Lyck; ”Handlingsplan for Dansk Turisme”. Denne publikation kan købes for 150 kr. ved henvendel-se til ll.tcm@cbs.dk. Publikationen er også fremlagt på dette møde. Dansk turisme har desværre haft betydelige problemer med konkurrenceevnen og har som det eneste EU land gennem en årrække har haft en aftagende markedsandel i udenlandske overnatninger. Det er baggrunden for, at erhvervets aktører og nogle politikere har arbejdet for at erhvervet kan blive konkurrencedygtigt og bidrage mere til at skabe økonomisk vækst, velfærd og arbejdspladser i Danmark. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8476 Files in this item: 1
LYCK_2012_2.pdf (165.4Kb) -
Lyck, Lise (Geneva, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the Greenland Home Rule from a government and governance perspective and to relate it to the Moroccan initiative for negotiating an autonomy statute for the Sahara region and thereby to contribute to an end of this dispute. In order to make a presentation and analysis meaningful, a presentation of the historical and political context for the Nordic development is required and also a short comparison to the context for the Sahara region question, keeping in mind the differences between the two political, social, historical, and cultural contexts. In particular, while the autonomy of Greenland is well established since many years, the proposal for Sahara is still open for negotiation by all the parties and has been considered by the UN Security Council as “serious and credible”, which should be understood as an encouragement to all parties to use it as a starting point for negotiations, and enrich the scope of power devolution. Needed is also a short overview over autonomy models and the development of autonomy statutes to give a perspective on the options. On this background the Greenland Home Rule Model is presented and analyzed and the government/governance problematic analyzed in depth. The relevance for the Moroccan initiative for negotiating an autonomy statute for the Saharan region of the juridical formulation and the experiences from Greenland is discussed and the learning presented pointing out advantages and pitfalls to consider and evaluate. The last section includes a conclusion based on the presented analysis and some recommendation to consider. All is presented for further discussion and evaluation among the stakeholders interested in a solution of the autonomy question for the Sahara region. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8479 Files in this item: 1
LYCK_2012_5.pdf (190.3Kb) -
Strand, Robert Gavin (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this dissertation I examine the establishment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) bureaucracies at corporations and I come to consider the CSR bureaucracy as a space for reflection within the corporation. In the face of charges that bureaucracies are inherently unethical and devoid of consideration for humanistic concerns, I argue that within the large bureaucracy that is the corporation, the CSR bureaucracy can create a space in which tensions that arise from conflicting values and purposes can be identified, negotiated, and actions coordinated. I position this dissertation within the field of CSR, to which I introduce the Weberian distinction between formal and substantive rationality as means through which to identify and describe tensions that become apparent with the CSR agenda. This dissertation contains four articles, two of which draw from the engaged scholarship approach. One includes findings from a study I conducted as an action/intervention researcher with a U.S. corporation during the period in which a CSR bureaucracy was established. The other includes findings from a study of CSR focused MBA courses I instruct in which reflection is a primary learning objective. The other two articles include findings from studies I conducted to explore the establishment of a CSR position to the top management teams of U.S. and Scandinavian corporations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8462 Files in this item: 1
Robert_Strand.pdf (3.503Mb) -
A study of corporate branding strategies at Novo NordiskHolm Hansen, Jacob (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The inspiration for this project came from a practical and a theoretical interest in how strategies are anchored in organisations. In 2005 a colleague and I published a book about strategic leadership communication (Bordum and Holm Hansen 2005). It was an inquiry into how the power of strategic statements, such as vision, mission and values, are rooted in the underlying forces of communication and actions among the stakeholders of organisations. It demonstrated that the drivers of successful leadership are based on persuasive communication and action. This project takes this line of thought further through a conceptual and empirical inquiry. It is motivated by an interest in basic knowledge about corporate branding as an integrative phenomenon. Corporate branding is often understood as a strategic activity that creates attention and value for a company. The strategic and managerial approaches are generally dominant in theory and practice, where they suggest various prescriptions for success with a corporate branding project. Such approaches often build on assumptions about control where certain consecutive steps automatically lead to a powerful brand. While there are many possible approaches to corporate branding, it seems that the question of integration is a salient issue that characterises the phenomenon in different ways. For instance, corporate branding is said to integrate various academic disciplines, provide an integrated profile of a company, integrate internal and external stakeholders, etc. The particular focus here is encouraged by questions and reflections about how corporate branding as an integrative activity can be analysed and understood through a pragmatic theory of communication. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8456 Files in this item: 1
Jacob_Holm_Hansen.pdf (5.526Mb) -
Evidence from Danish Micro DataSchultz, Esben Anton (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis consists of four empirical essays within the broad field of modern labor economics. All four essays are self-contained and can be read independently of the others. Chapter 1 investigates the distinct effects on information technology and communication technology on firm’s skill demand. Chapter 2 studies whether the observed wage gab between majors in human arts and other fields are caused by their education per se or by selection. Chapter 3 examines taxable income responses to variation in marginal tax rates. Chapter 4 analyzes the effect of income taxation on the international migration of top earners. Each chapter provides an independent and separate analytical contribution to their specific field. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8442 Files in this item: 1
Esben_Anton_Schultz.pdf (4.890Mb) -
What Would it Mean to be an Artisan of Finance?Thompson, Grahame (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper confronts the question of what a revitalized financial sector might look like if this were to be reconfigured so as to reproduce first an artisanal like persona for the financial analyst and craft like organizational structure for financial businesses, and secondly if this were to be re-territorialized so that it acted like a partisan rather than, as at present, like a disembedded footloose structure of ‘global finance’. Initially the analysis is pitched at a rather abstract and theoretical level – pulling together artisans, nomads and partisans and tracing their intellectual lineages. But the chapter ends with three very concrete illustrations of actual financial relations in practice that meet some of the criteria for being both artisanal and partisanal. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8458 Files in this item: 1
Grahame_Thompson.pdf (1.310Mb) -
The Sensing of Frontline Employees Against Executive ExpectationsHallin, Carina Antonia; Andersen, Torben J.; Tveterås, Sigbjørn (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The literature suggests that important strategic initiatives can derive from employees within the organization as they respond to needs and opportunities observed in daily operations. This seems to indicate that employees have a good sense of the firm’s operational capabilities observed through direct interactions with colleagues, customers and partners. Executives make their own judgments about the corporate capabilities from discussions with various managers, other executives and industry specialists. But, the information gathered by executives may be qualitatively different from the conditions sensed by the employees. So, we arranged a contest between operational capabilities assessed by employees and executives and the relationship to subsequent firm performance. Based on more than 400 individual data points collected from two medium-sized organizations over a period of eighteen months, advanced distributed lag time-series analyses show that the sensing of front-line employees (surprisingly) is a better medium-term predictor of organizational performance than executive judgments. These results have implications for the way organizations set up their management information and communication structure. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8471 Files in this item: 1
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An Inspiring Experience for the Sahara RegionLyck, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article includes as Part One factual information on Greenland and the structure of the Greenlandic economy, and factual information on the Sahara Region, south of Morocco. It is needed in order to have a basic understanding of what Greenland and the Sahara region are, seen from an economic, political and geographical point of view. Furthermore, the current economic situation in both Greenland and the Sahara region is presented together with the development of the last years. Part Two of the article deals with the constitutional framework conditions for Greenland in relation to being part of the Danish Realm, Greenland being situated in the Arctic with a geostrategic position for more Southern powers (America, the Nordic countries and Russia), being inhabited by indigenous people and having a prominent position in relation to sustainability. It also deals with “the Moroccan Initiative for Negotiating an Autonomy Statute for the Sahara Region” , as presented by Morocco to the Security Council on 11 April 2007. Part Three deals with natural resources both in Greenland and the Sahara Region. Firstly a short introduction to living resources, mainly the fisheries is presented. Secondly, the mineral resources are presented and analysed in depth. It includes the search for minerals, petroleum and gas before and after 1979. Furthermore, it includes the development and content of the mineral laws. In this context, the Greenland strategy for mining is presented. Finally, the status on minerals and petroleum resources in Greenland and the Sahara region is presented. Part Four includes the conclusion and the perspectives for ownership and management resources that can be learnt from the Greenland experiences, in particular in the context of the Moroccan Initiative for the Autonomy of the Sahara Region. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8473 Files in this item: 1
LYCK_2012_1.pdf (2.434Mb) -
S.W.O.T. analyseLyck, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Nærværende skal ses i sammenhæng med artiklen ”Kommunal turismepolitik som kommunal erhvervspolitik – hvorfor og hvordan?” Hørsholm er en by med knap 46.000 indbyggere i region hovedstaden, den omfatter Hørsholm kommune med knap 24.000 indbyggere, Fredensborg med knap 10.000 indbyggere og Rudersdal kommune med godt 10.000 indbyggere. Disse forhold indebærer i sig selv gode begrundelser for samarbejde med andre kommuner. Med hensyn til tilgængelighed gælder, at der ikke er jernbanestation centralt i byen, men mod øst ligger Rungsted Kyst st. og i nordøst Kokkedal st. med togforbindelser fra begge til Helsingør og København. Herudover er der tilgængelighed via busforbindelser, specielt skal nævnes S-busserne. Kommunens areal er beskeden, godt 31 kvadratkilometer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8475 Files in this item: 1
Lyck_SWOT_2012.pdf (220.9Kb) -
Lyck, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Turisme regnes som et af verdens største erhverv. UNWTO, der er turismens hovedorganisa-tion globalt har opgjort antal ansatte til 235 mio., dvs. 9,2 % af alle job, og turismens andel af verdens bruttonationalprodukt (BNP) til 9,7 %. Turismen fortsætter med at vokse, og finanskrise og økonomisk krise, askesky mv. har alene betydet kortvarige afvigelser fra væksttrenden og enkelte destinationsændringer. Europa modtager langt de fleste turister, og turismen er derfor et meget stort erhverv i de fleste EU-lande. Fra EU Kommissionens side er der nu - siden turisme med Lissabon traktaten er blevet et EU anliggende - pr. 30. juni 2010 udformet et mål om, at EU skal være verdens turismedestination nr. 1 og en politik, der omfatter 21 punkter. Dette er yderligere fyldt op med en detaljering fra 2011, se venligst Lise Lyck ”En handlingsplan for dansk turisme” samt opdateringer på internettet. Dansk turisme har desværre haft betydelige problemer med konkurrenceevnen og har som det eneste EU land gennem en årrække har haft en aftagende markedsandel i udenlandske overnatninger. Det er baggrunden for, at erhvervets aktører og nogle politikere har arbejdet for at erhvervet kan blive konkurrencedygtigt og bidrage mere til at skabe økonomisk vækst, velfærd og arbejdspladser i Danmark. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8477 Files in this item: 1
Lyck_2012_3.pdf (172.8Kb) -
Evidens fra er-kontraktion og enhedstryk i danskAnker Jensen, Per (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne artikel udforsker interaktionen mellem fonologi og syntaks på grundlag af brugen af erkontraktion i dansk. Artiklen kortlægger de typiske kontekster hvor denne kontraktion er mulig og rejser derefter spørgsmålet om hvordan det kan forklares at kontraktion i andre sammenhænge er helt uacceptabel. Sammenlign eksempelvis Det er rart, hvor er typisk realiseres som en forlængelse af den udlydende vokal i det, med Fortæl ham hvor rart det er, hvor en tilsvarende sammentrækning af det og er er uacceptabel. Det vises at muligheden for er-kontraktion er forudsigelig ud fra et kendt samspil mellem syntaks og fonologi idet kontraktionsmuligheden – eller umuligheden - hænger tæt sammen med tryktabsforbindelser og enhedstryk, jf. fx Rischel 1983, Thomsen 1990, Hansen og Lund 1983, Hansen og Heltoft 2011, Basbøll 2005, Herslund 2005. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8485 Files in this item: 1
Per_Anker_Jensen_2012.pdf (120.7Kb) -
Reporting decision and content of the reportSormunen, Nina (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The going-concern context has been the subject of much research and discussion for many years at both academic and professional levels. The International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 570 stipulates that the auditor should consider the appropriateness of managements’ use of the goingconcern assumption and to evaluate whether there are material uncertainties with respect to entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. Regardless of what is stated in the financial statement, the auditor should comment on going-concern uncertainty in the audit report if there is a doubt about firm’s ability to continue as a going concern. There is strong evidence that the auditor’s going-concern decision is a complex task with extensive consequences. The primary purpose of this thesis is to empirically provide significant basis to get better understanding of the challenging nature of the auditor’s going-concern reporting. This thesis deals with different aspects of auditor’s going-concern reporting and contributes mainly to the line of auditing research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8490 Files in this item: 1
Nina_Sormunen.pdf (1.181Mb) -
An ethnographic study of accountants who become managersBévort, Frans (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Management in a professional service firm such as Deloitte is suspended between a range of different fundamental concerns and ways of thinking. There is a market in which client needs are to be met, competitors matched and outperformed. There is the general public in which accounting firms such as Deloitte increasingly have become the object of critical scrutiny in their role as guardians of the common rules of accountability and legislation on accounting. There is a very strong professional culture and ethics, stemming from being a part of the professional community of a profession which creates unique ways of organizing and managing. And there is a growing concern about how to run the continually growing accounting-based advisory organizations (or professional service firms) in a way that efficiently utilizes the aggregated resources, which again creates a focus on management as a distinct issue. It is primarily the contradiction and dynamics of the latter two ‘internal’ concerns that the study of the dissertation is about - seen as institutional logics of professionalism and, or versus, bureaucracy. While the focus of most research into professional service firms has been on how general structural changes affect this unique species of organization, this study investigates how these contradictions affect the way accountants live and work performing roles as managers; how do accountants who become managers make sense of these contradictory logics? The dissertation treats this question theoretically by applying extant literature dealing with institutional change and logics with a special emphasis on recent research that focuses on the micro-processes which are the foundations of institutions and concretizes how institutional logics affect the action and sensemaking of actors. The dissertation contributes to this research by applying sensemaking theory and symbolic interactionism. The study is based on a 3-year ethnographic study in which managers at all levels have been interviewed and observed. Actual management processes and management training have been observed, via shadowing and participant observation. Relevant archival material has been included in the analysis. All these sources have been recorded and systematized in order to create a point of departure for the analyses of the dissertation. The main findings of the study point to: The institutional changes described by the Professional Service Firms research can be identified at the micro- or actor level in terms of ideals, systems, way organizing and structures which use a logic of bureaucracy and among which the development of a new middle-management role is a critical feature. These changes seem to have important consequences for the basic psychological contract between the professional and the organization in professional service firms. The changes, as they are found in the case, are more complex and laden with conflicts than otherwise described in the literature about professional service firms. This is based on the way the actors ‘draw on the existing logics’ and the conditions they have for doing this locally. This points to the importance of investigating the interaction of actors in order to understand how the new management practices are institutionalized/structurated. The changes towards a new model of management, found in the study, are based on the ability (and will) of the managers to navigate the contradictory logics in such a way that they can establish a meaningful identity as managers, and that they can mobilize other actors who support a new way of understanding management and that they are able to create space for the conversational reflection upon their behavior as managers and management. The ability (and will) of the managers is in its turn dependent on local conditions and interaction enabling these steps of sensemaking. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8448 Files in this item: 1
Frans_ Bévort.pdf (2.294Mb) -
An understanding anchored in pragmatismBang Mathiasen, John (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The subject matter chosen for this PhD, learning within a Product Development (PD) working practice, might give rise to wonder given that I have a theoretical education within supply chain management, achieved practical experience as senior supply chain manager and finally, conducted a great many lectures dealing with supply chain management. Offhand, it may seem an odd choice, but my practical experience, briefly illustrated in the below, triggered the decision to study learning within a PD working practice. PD implies design of components and clarifications of the assembly process. A side effect of these activities is a routing, which establishes the supply chain; that is, the total journey, which all components must undertake before the product is saleable. Hence, seen from the perspective of the operation, the supply chain to be managed throughout the life cycle of the product is created during the PD phase. Changing a supply chain later on is possible, but it requires a significant effort. When managing a supply chain area, in which a large part of the products had a life cycle of more than 10 years, I realised the critical importance of influencing the PD process. Thus, employees from the supply chain department were often engaged in intense exchanges of views with the PD engineers and substantial resources were devoted to improving the awareness of supply chain considerations during the PD process. Nevertheless, in my firm conviction, these efforts only managed to exert minor influence and consequently, the established supply chains were difficult to handle. Ever since then, I have wondered why we were unsuccessful in influencing the supply chain of a new product. The involved supply chain engineers had a highly theoretical background as well as practical experience, but it was not possible to initiate learning among the PD engineers as regards the establishment of a more suitable supply chain. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8509 Files in this item: 1
John-Bang_Mathiasen.pdf (1.812Mb) -
Andersen, Kim Normann (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne rapport sætter fokus på robotstøvsugning på større, ensartede gulvarealer i den offentlige sektor. Med udgangspunkt i et rammeværktøj (den såkaldte CIVO-model), er den opsigtsvækkende konklusion i rapporten, at der kan opnåes et højere rengøringsresultat ved hjælp af robotstøvsugning sammenlignet med konventionel rengøring. Opretholdes samme rengøringsniveau målt ved vægten af indsamlet støv og snavs, er besparelsespotentialet 25%-75% af de medgåede omkostninger til støvsugning og tørmobning af gulvarealer. Samlet set vurderes det, at der rengøres godt 18 millioner m2 gulvarealer i den offentlige sektor. Hvis hele dette areal skal støvsuges med robotter, vil det kræve en indsats af mere end 225.000 robotter. Rapportens udgangspunkt er den aktuelle markedsmodning af robotstøvsugere til større arealer. De større producenter enten har eller er tæt på at markedsføre støvsugere med større rækkevidde og bedre navigationssystemer. Dermed er vejen banet for at bl.a. rådhuse, skoler, plejecentre, styrelser og ministerier kan begynde ibragtagningen af robotstøvsugerne. Kommunerne har haft en relativ aggressiv kurs med lancering af robotstøvsugerne i visitationen til bl.a. ældre. Rapporten peger på, at der kan hentes mindst lige så store driftgevinster ved at rette fokus på den offentlige sektors egen brug af støvsugerne. Det langsomme optag i den offentlige sektor tilskrives i rapporten, at den tekniske modning af støvsugerne først i 2011 og 2012 er slået igennem for robotterne til større arealer samt at der er en vis inerti p.g.a. eksisterende udbudskontrakter og manglende erfaring med at indbygge krav til dette i udbudsmaterialet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8454 Files in this item: 1
Kim_Normann_Andersen_2012_1.pdf (375.7Kb) -
Managing and Researching Inclusive SchoolsRatner, Helene (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis examines “reflexivity” as the key theme for understanding how Danish school managers work with the currently influential political vision of including students with special needs in the common school (educating children aged 5-16). Despite repeated attempts to realize the vision of inclusion, the number of students referred to special pedagogical services, and thus segregated from the common school, has continued to grow, especially since 1995. There is a widespread consent that this development is due to the schools’ practices and socially constructed categories of “special needs” and “normalcy.” Pedagogical scholars and recent policy initiatives posit that schools can achieve the much-wanted cultural change towards inclusion if teachers reflect (more) on their mindsets and practices. When advocating inclusion, scholars often refer to school managers as “leaders of meaning construction,” thus emphasizing their importance in facilitating cultural change. Existing knowledge practices are depicted as too “durable” with the unintended side-effects of segregation and budget overruns, and school managers are, following, encouraged making teachers change their practices through (self-) reflexivity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8459 Files in this item: 1
Helene_Ratner.pdf (2.848Mb)