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An empirical studyMøgelvang-Hansen, Peter; Lando, Henrik; Kristensen, Bo; Schützsack, Ole (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The project described in this report was carried out with support from The Ministry of Justice’s Research Pool. The aim of the project is to examine the effects of Amending Act no. 213/2002, amending the rules on consumer sales in the Danish Sale of Goods Act. The amendments were part of Denmark’s implementation of Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain aspects of the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees. The Amending Act came into force on 24 April 2002, having effect on consumer sales made on and after 1 January 2002. At the time of completion of this report, the Amending Act had been in force for more than two and a half years. In the planning of this project, we assumed that at this point in time sufficient experience with the new rules would be available, enabling us to get an impression of its practical consequences for businesses. Also, we assumed that the respondents could still recall the prior state of the law, making it possible for us to gather sufficient information to compare the situation before and after the Amending Act entered into force. The Amending Act involved a number of amendments to the Danish Sale of Goods Act. Certain amendments, such as those concerning the rules on lack of conformity, were mainly clarifications of the current state of the law. As these in fact did not change the state of the law, they were not intended to change practice either. As this study is empirically oriented, these amendments fall outside its scope. Consequently, in this study we have chosen to focus on the consequences of the following amendments: Under the new provisions in s. 77a(3), any lack of conformity with the contract is assumed to have existed at the time of delivery if such lack of conformity becomes apparent within six months of the time of delivery. Where there is a lack of conformity, the consumer in general has a right to choose between replacement and repair under s. 78. Replacement is no longer contingent on the lack of conformity constituting a fundamental breach. Furthermore, it is no longer possible for the seller to decline a request for replacement by offering to repair. If the consumer’s request for replacement or repair would impose disproportionate costs on the seller, or if this remedy is impossible, the seller can, however, decline the request. In s. 83, the limitation period for complaints has been extended from one to two years from the time of delivery to the consumer. In s. 54, the corresponding limitation period on other sales than consumer sales has been extended from one to two years to avoid sellers in the retail trade from being caught in between their consumers and their suppliers. As before, s. 83 cannot be derogated from to the detriment of the consumer. It is, however, still possible for the parties to derogate from s. 54 concerning other sales than consumer sales. The fundamental question of this study is whether the mentioned alteration to the state of the law has resulted in a notable change in the behaviour of the relevant players. Of the relevant players, our principal focus is the retail trade, whose situation we have examined by way of a questionnaire survey. To a limited extent we have also looked into any changes in the behaviour of wholesalers/producers, mainly by way of interviews with trade organisations. Finally, we have examined the application of the new rules, mainly by looking at the Danish Consumer Complaints Board. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7386 Files in this item: 1
wp 2006-4.pdf (613.8Kb) -
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A Revised Note on Understanding Institutional ChangePedersen, Ove K. (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This is a slightly revised version of an article I published in 1991 (Ove K. Pedersen, 1991, “Nine Questions to a Neo-Institutional Theory in Political Science”, Scandinavian Political Studies, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 125-148). The purpose of the article 16 years ago is the same as the purpose of presenting this note today - to point to a number of methodological and theoretical problems which have to be discussed in connection with a theory of institutional change. No analytical approach for the study of institutions will be presented. No description of actual institutions or institutional change will be given. Rather, nine philosophical-methodological questions rarely raised and never answered in institutional theory will be asked. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7754 Files in this item: 1
WP CBP 2008-62.pdf (146.2Kb) -
A History of Danish School Governing from 1970-2010Grønbæk Pors, Justine (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In Denmark, as in many other welfare states, we strongly believe that problems within the public sector can be solved by means of better management. For quite some years it has been assumed that management leads to more control over and better quality of welfare. Politicians and public servants have therefore been concerned with how the individual hospital, nursing home and school can develop its management. This has created a somewhat strange problem: How is it possible from a position at the top of a governing hierarchy to create management capacity from below? This thesis is about how Danish local government, municipalities, have developed understandings of governing relations between themselves and the public school over the last 40 years. The thesis tracks how municipalities have gradually assigned organizational independence to the individual school and increased their expectations of its self-management.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8355 Files in this item: 1
Justine_Grønbæk_Pors.pdf (4.586Mb) -
Towards a More Nuanced Perspective on Motivation in OrganizationsReinholt, Mia (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The organizational science literature on motivation has for long been polarized into two main positions; the organizational economic position focusing on extrinsic motivation and the organizational behavior position emphasizing intrinsic motivation. With the rise of the knowledge economy and the increasing levels of complexities it entails, such polarization is not fruitful in the attempt to explain motivation of organizational members. This paper claims that a more nuanced perspective on motivation, acknowledging the co-existence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the possible interaction between the two as well as different types of motivations filling in the gap between the two polar types, is urgently needed in the organizational science literature. By drawing on the research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation conducted in social psychology and combining this with contributions from organizational science, economics, and sociology, this paper attempts to develop an emergent understanding of motivation, which is more facetted than the one dominating organizational science currently. Based on these discussions, eleven implications for future research on motivation in organizations are proposed. Keywords: Work motivation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, motivation systems, and the knowledge economy JEL Codes: M12, M52, M54 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7456 Files in this item: 1
smg 2006-49.pdf (301.2Kb) -
Hvidt, Morten; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Andersen, Steffen; Harrison, Glenn W.; Hole, Arne Risa; Rutström, E. Elisabet (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We develop an extension of the familiar linear mixed logit model to allow for the direct estimation of parametric non-linear functions defined over structural parameters. A classic application is the estimation of coefficients of utility functions to characterize risk attitudes. There are several unexpected benefits of this extension, apart from the ability to directly estimate structural parameters of theoretical interest. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8171 Files in this item: 1
wp4-2010.pdf (174.4Kb) -
Andersen, Steffen; Harrison, Glenn W.; Hole, Arne Risa; Rutström, E. Elisabet (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Experimental data exhibit considerable individual heterogeneity. We review the econometric methods employed to characterize that heterogeneity. We pay particular attention to the trade-off between collecting and allowing for observable characteristics, such as the familiar demographics, and the use of statistical methods to allow for unobserved individual heterogeneity. We demonstrate that these tools are complementary. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7802 Files in this item: 1
wp2009-6.pdf (420.1Kb) -
The Emergence of a Transnational Elite In and Around Foreign-based Headquarters of MNCsSmith, Irene Skovgaard; Poulfelt, Flemming (, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Within international management it has become somewhat of an aspirational ideal that a truly global corporation should have no national home base (Ghemawat 2011). MNCs should transcend their national administrative heritage and become ‘placeless’ and stateless transnationals by moving their main global headquarters to neutral and strategically relevant locations (Birkinshaw, Braunerhjelm, Holm & Terjesen 2006). In practice, most MNCs and their main headquarters still remain firmly rooted in their home countries (Ghemawat, 2011; Strauss-Kahn & Xavier, 2009). However, there are indications that many MNCs are moving in the direction of a growing dispersion of headquarter activities with the use of foreign-based divisional and regional headquarters (Barner-Rasmussen, Piekkari & Björkman 2007; Benito, Lunnan & Tomassen 2011; Birkinshaw et al. 2006, Forsgren, Holm & Johanson 1995). The number of European Regional Headquarters for instance has increased by 76% over the past decade alone and a similar rise can be observed in the Asia-Pacific region (Nell et al. 2011). Today most headquarters are located in developed countries but going forward the number being placed in emerging countries is predicted to increase (McKinsey Global Institute, 2013). Regional or divisional headquarters are organizational units with a formal mandate to manage a region or a division within the MNC’s global structure, here termed foreign-based headquarters. They are often located in central, technologically advanced, internationallyoriented, metropolitan hubs where other MNC headquarters are similarly located, where there is easy access to major airports with direct flights across the globe and an international work force. In this paper we explore how the transnational professionals who manage and staff such foreign-based headquarters, develop a sense of community and identity based on an idea of being non-national which is closely linked with the ‘placelessness’ of the organizations in which they work. As such the paper aims to contribute to new perspectives on global elites in the context of MNCs addressing the sub-theme call for submissions exploring the emergence of transnational communities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8952 Files in this item: 1
Poulfelt and Smith.pdf (248.9Kb) -
Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis; Woodland, Alan D. (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper examines the welfare implications of non-discriminatory tariff reforms by a subset of countries, which we term a non-preferential trading club. We show that there exist coordinated tariff reforms, accompanied by appropriate income transfers between the member countries, that unambiguously increase the welfare of these countries while leaving the welfare of non-members unaltered. In terms of economic policy implications, our results show that there exist regional, MFN-consistent arrangements that lead to Pareto improvements in world welfare. JEL code: F15. Keywords: Trading clubs, non-preferential tariff reform, Kemp-Wan-Ohyama proposition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7540 Files in this item: 1
wpec062004.pdf (262.2Kb) -
The Case of Drug HelplinesFagerstrøm, Asle; Sørum, Hanne; Vatrapu, Ravi (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The telephone was once the main way organizations communicated with their target groups. This situation has changed considerably in recently years and it is apparent that organizations like drug helpline services must also expand their range also in order to reach their target groups. A social media survey1 within European Foundation of Drug Helplines members resulted in 16 responses (approximately 38 percentage response rate), representing 10 different European countries. Findings indicated that most drug helplines in the survey have some experience with social media. However, few of the drug helpline use social media based on purposeful planning and clear distribution of responsibility. Social media can be used for promoting an event or a sensitizing campaign to create positive value. Facebook is the social media that in general are most frequently used for purposes such as reaching a specific audience and promotion. Additionally, findings of the survey show that few drug helplines in the survey monitor social media frequently. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9033 Files in this item: 1
Vatrapu.pdf (748.7Kb) -
Does it make sense?Bille, Trine (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper discusses the concept of the experience economy in a Nordic context and shows how the Nordic version of the concept has come about from a mix of three different approaches and theories. Besides, the Nordic definition links the experience economy closely with cultural activities. In the Nordic countries the experience economy has been developed in a political context and it is apparently a popular development policy for local government authorities and regions. This paper discusses the Nordic definition of experience economy and questions if it makes any sense. The definition of experiences is not clear, and the definition of the word “economy” has different interpretations as well. In a narrow interpretation the term economy is related to market economic value, which is used in the political terminology. The paper shows that the experience economy can follow three different routes to market value creation, and how the growth opportunities for the different experience areas will depend on three different trends. Therefore, it can be shown that only some experience areas are growing, and the market value creation occurs in very different ways and to very different extents within, and in relation to, the different experience areas. The greatest growth potential resides probably in the broad value creation in association with the experience areas. But the experience economy does not lend itself to any consistent definition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8012 Files in this item: 1
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Towards Enabling Welfare states and experimentalist Business SystemsKristensen, Peer Hull (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7330 Files in this item: 1
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Kleis Frederiksen, Niels (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This note discusses the generational incidence of consumption taxes in an OLG framework. The objective is to highlight the channels through which an increase in, e.g., a VAT redistributes income across generations. It turns out that with labor supply exogenous VAT incidence is very similar to the impact of a PAYG pension system or government debt. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7578 Files in this item: 1
1998_5.pdf (925.5Kb) -
Blomgren-Hansen, Niels (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Diamond’s two-period OLG growth model is based on the assumption that the stock of capital in any period is equal to the wealth accumulated in the previous period by the generation of pensioners. This stock equlibrium condition may appear an innocuous paraphrase of the ordinary macro-economic flow equilibrium condition, S = I. This is not the case. In this note I demonstrate that Diamond’s solution is unstable in a monetary market economy where households and firms make independent decisions as to how much to save and how much to invest. An increase in the rate of interest above the Diamond long-run equilibrium level will cause saving to fall by more than investment and, hence, result in excess demand for loanable funds and an upward pressure on the rate of interest. However, substituting the ordinary S = I flow equilibrium condition for Diamonds stock equilibrium condition reveals that the model has another solution - the rate of interest equals the rate of growth - and that this solution is stable in a capital-based economy (contrary to the pure consumption loan model of interest suggested by Samuelson(1958)). The model has interesting implications. Diamond’s model predict that an increase in rate of time preference causing the young generation to save less will reduce the capital stock and raise the rate of interest. However,the S = I based two period OLG model reveals that the old generation’s consumption falls by more than the the young generation’s consumption increases. Consequently, excess supply of loanable funds will drive down the rate of interest. If the rate of interest is equal to the rate of growth an increase in the time preference has no effect on the supply of loanable funds and, consequently, neither on the rate of interest or the stock of capital. Whether people prefer to consume as young or old should not be a matter of public concern (although the transition from one state to another may be). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7656 Files in this item: 1
wp14-2005.pdf (193.7Kb) -
Moeran, Brian (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper starts from the premise that all forms of socio-economic behaviour are motivated and underpinned by values of one kind or another. The study of culture is thus a study of the values that constitute that culture. In their plural form, values constitute our socio-cultural beliefs and moral principles. However, in its singular form, value relates to economic utility, price and worth. The aim of this working paper is to examine the relation between economic and cultural values which, it is argued, constitute a field of values that are (re)produced, negotiated and transacted in the context of creative products. This field consists of technical, affective, social, situational, appreciative and functional values. Together these create a qualitative symbolic exchange value which is often then exchanged for a quantitative economic value. The paper outlines how each of these values works and interacts with other values in the context of creative industries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7971 Files in this item: 1
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Hansson, Finn (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the summary of the project as well as in the overall description for the SUCCESS project it is stated, that ‘benchmarking of past and ongoing collaborations’ serve as a tool to develop new and improved models of governance for large integrated projects. The reference to benchmarking as key tool to develop new models makes it necessary to have a closer look into the pro and cons for using this specific tool. A number of recent studies of science policy in Europe have taken a closer look into the system of benchmarking in this field. These studies, discussed later in this paper, have pointed to the fact that a reliable benchmarking exercise demand a strict data input very often impossible in science and innovation collaborations because of the very nature of these endeavours, the open and risky character of new knowledge as well as the unpredictable time. If we include the fact that collaborations all have their own history and do not represent some kind of representativeness of a science or R&D field but the opposite, are selected by pre-knowledge, a number of serious question to the use of a traditional benchmarking approach has been announced. What we can use from the benchmarking procedures is the idea of a systematic recording of knowledge of best practices analysed and interpreted by expert groups. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6391 Files in this item: 1
wpx1-2008.pdf (1.393Mb) -
Ooi, Can-Seng (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Intercultural management broadly refers to the handling of cultural differences in businesses and organizations. Although culture develops in all social groups, such as in firms, schools and neighbourhoods, intercultural management often refers to cultures framed within national and ethnic settings. Language, religion, family relations, work ethics and daily living are some aspects of culture. These cultural manifestations reflect the community’s world views, norms and values, and shape social behaviours and practices of members in the community. The idea of “intercultural management” also suggests that cultural differences are sources of miscommunication and misunderstandings. So in international business, intercultural management is a daily activity that affects different operations, including localization of services in a foreign market, offering local hospitality to foreign tourists, adapting one’s negotiation style to overseas business partners, communication in an international work environment and devising appropriate human resource services in overseas subsidiaries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8976 Files in this item: 1
WP Ooi 2014.pdf (141.1Kb) -
Towards a Multitheoretical Research FrameworkSjöklint, Mimmi; Constantiou, Ioanna D.; Trier, Matthias (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The new technological enhancements and the accessibility to varieties of online applications, enable users to collect personal data and perform self-evaluation through test, comparison and experimentation. The sparked interest in numbers and numbers as self-representative visualisations is prominent in social networking sites, which are the empirical setting for the present study. This paper sets out to establish a multi-theoretical framework which enables the investigation of emerging phenomena of the role of numbers in social networking sites. The proposed framework rests on three theoretical pillars: self-determination theory, heuristic decision making and behavioural economics. A discussion departs from these convictions to investigate user reactions and behaviour when faced with numerical representations in the SNS. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8820 Files in this item: 1
Sjoklint_ConstantiouTrier.pdf (454.0Kb) -
Resultater fra en spørgeskema-undersøgelseFoss, Nikolai J. (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Baseret på et sample af de 1000 største danske virksomheder undersøges forekomsten af nye arbejdsorganiseringsformer i dansk erhvervsliv. Endvidere undersøges det, hvilke virksomheder der typisk implementerer de nye måder at organisere arbejdet på. Det vises at det primært er virksomheder i konkurrenceprægede og vidensintensive brancher der gør dette. De nye arbejdsorganiseringsformer implementeres i bundter. Det indikerer at de nye organiseringsformer er komplementære. Deres forekomst er endelig tæt korreleret med forekomsten af resultatløn. Det tyder på at "kontrol"- og "kommitment"- modeller for HRM ikke er modsatrettede, men tværtimod komplementære. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6350 Files in this item: 1
wp16-2003njf.pdf (206.0Kb)