Browsing Departments by Title
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Varieties of Institutionalism: varieties of capitalismHull Kristensen, Peer; Morgan, Glenn (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper argues that the contrast between studies of MNCs which emphasise isomorphism and those which emphasise social embeddedness is unhelpful. Following recent institutionalist discussions which have emphasised the dynamic nature of firms, and institutions, it is argued that the transnational social space of the multinational encompasses a variety of different forms of actors which are engaged in processes that partially produce isomorphism and partially reproduce institutional difference. This perspective is proposed not as a middle way between the two institutionalisms but as a way to capture the ongoing dynamics of MNCs. The paper illustrates this approach through considering four ideal-typical ‘games’ which occur inside MNCs. These games are analysed in terms of the actors, the institutional resources brought into the game, the emerging rules of the game, the outcomes of the game and how these processes relate to institutional theory. These games reveal the complex interaction of processes of isomorphism and social differentiation and suggest an agenda for further research on MNCs that will focus on examining how these games interact and with what effect in different sorts of multinationals. Keywords: Multinationals; institutionalism; varieties of capitalism; isomorphism; embeddedness. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7355 Files in this item: 1
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The Market for Force and the Right to have Protection RightsLeander, Anna (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Departing from an elaboration of the idea of a citizenship protection nexus (1), the argument developed below is that the introduction of a neo-liberal governance forms security is leading to far reaching (but largely unacknowledged). It is transforming the understanding of the rights to protection that come with citizenship, de facto transforming it from a general right tied to political citizenship to contracted right to be negotiated (2). At the same time, far from working to weakening the role of the state in security provision, the market is reinforcing it (3) and accentuating the military aspect of protection (4). The overall consequence is that the nexus tying citizenship to protection is increasingly shaped by the commercialized national and military concerns (promoted by public and private security professionals). As this paper concludes, attempts to frame and shape the citizenship-protection nexus in alternative ways—for example attempts to de-link citizenship from states and/or to de-militarize citizenship—are the main causalities of this re-ordering. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7962 Files in this item: 1
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Bennedsen, Morten; Fosgerau, Mogens; Wolfenzon, Daniel (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Articulations of Social and Natural Order in Mass Mediated Representations of BiotechnologyHorst, Maja (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Afhandlingen undersøger massemedierede kontroverser om bioteknologi som politiske uenigheder ved at analysere argumenters konstruktion af problemer og løsninger. Det hævdes at ethvert argument i kontroverserne altid implicit artiku-lerer en eller anden bestemt forestilling om den sociale (og naturlige) orden og om, hvordan denne orden opretholdes eller kritiseres. En sådan forestilling er afgørende for at argumentet kan fungere som argument, dvs. som en menings-fuld sammenkædning af et problem og en mulig problemløsning. Kontroverser-ne om bioteknologi handler derfor ikke kun om teknologi og forskning, men er grundlæggende uenigheder om, hvilken rolle forskningen skal spille i samfun-det, og om social organisering i al almindelighed. En analyse af mønstre i disse argumenter kan derfor belyse de diskursive mulighedsbetingelser for regulering af bioteknologi i Danmark. Afhandlingens teoretiske grundlag er en relationel ontologi formuleret på bag-grund af den franske filosof og videnssociolog Bruno Latour, der giver anled-ning til at formulere en forståelse af offentlig meningsdannelse som en konstant produktion af italesættelse i netværk. For at kunne analysere denne strøm af ita-lesættelse inddrager afhandlingen den britisk-amerikanske antropolog Mary Douglas’ kulturteori som et analysestrategisk redskab. Det empiriske materiale udgøres af dagbladsartikler fra Politiken, Jyllandsposten, Information og Ekstra Bladet. På baggrund af en række søgeord er der udvalgt 1575 artikler i perioden 1. august 1997 – 31. december 2001, der omhandler sundhedsrelateret biotekno-logi. En foreløbig indholdsanalyse af disse artikler er dokumenteret i et bilag til afhandlingen. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7130 Files in this item: 1
maja_ horst.pdf (2.424Mb) -
Rangvid, Jesper; Sørensen, Carsten (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7163 Files in this item: 1
rangvid_soerensen_wp2000-8.pdf (945.5Kb) -
On the authority and role of place brand image rankingsCsaba, Fabian Faurholt; Stöber, Birgit (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper discusses the practice of ranking linked to the issue of place branding focusing on two cases from Denmark, one the national level, the other on the local level, namely the city of Copenhagen. Rankings of places have increased, and – as we shall argue – so have their influence on identity negotiation and public policy. Drawing on experiences with rankings in other fields (corporate reputation and higher education) and critical work on polling, we examine their growing influence, unanticipated consequences and claims to represent places and people. We analyze how media and various audiences represent and use place image survey results. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8243 Files in this item: 1
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different learning engagements of entrant firmsPetersen, Bent; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Different Learning PathsPetersen, Bent; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Much has been written about how international firms create and sustain firm-specific advantages that offset their liability of foreignness. Less attention has been devoted the question of how international firms can reduce their liability of foreignness. Looking for different paths of learning our study explores the dynamics of firms’ liability of foreignness. A sample of 494 international firms from Sweden, Denmark and New Zealand is clustered along three structural dimensions of liability of foreignness: (1) perceived lack of knowledge about the foreign market, (2) the longevity of operations in the foreign market, and (3) international experience of the entrant firm. The four clusters that precipitate represent different learning path positions. One group of firms can be identified as pre-entry learners, another group as post-entry learners. A minor group of firms is characterized by perceiving a persistent lack of knowledge about the foreign market they are operating in. One might speculate if these firms engage in any learning about the foreign business environment. Furthermore, the data suggest that firms with extensive international experience are more capable in familiarizing with the foreign business environment than are firms with little international experience. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6893 Files in this item: 1
linkwp01-11.pdf (146.1Kb) -
Medarbejderes kommunikative handlekraftJuul Christiansen, Tanja (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Organizational identity has traditionally been understood as a fixed product that can be identified and communicated to employees. Organizational identity formation should, however, be understood as a reflexive process. There is not just one organizational identity but several, and the construction of these identities takes place in a continuing process among several participants. Yet, in many organizations management aims at a conventional identity formation in the official internal identity communication, when communicating identity to employees with the ambition of creating a monolithic organization of devoted employees. This kind of conventional identity formation has several implications. Firstly, it creates a gap between the official and the unofficial identity formation. Secondly, it runs the risk of making the organization appear untrustworthy. Thirdly, it may lead to a homogenous work force, which seems contradictory to the strive for innovation and creativeness that also characterizes contemporary organizations. Finally, its inherent aim of social control seems morally questionable. Thus, organizations could beneficially strive for a higher degree of reflexiveness by letting more voices be part of the official identity formation. The empirically-based research on how to facilitate such reflexivity is, however, sparse. In order to address this gap in the literature, this PhD dissertation explores how to affect rhetorical agency at work by implementing internal employee blogs in organizations.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8173 Files in this item: 1
Tanja_J_Christansen.pdf (1.757Mb) -
Providing Common KnowledgeFoss, Nicolai J.; Kristensen, Tore; Wilke, Ricky (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper draws on ideas in economics and game theory to develop a new theory of marketing and corporate communication in the emerging network economy. We argue that in a network economy, firms and consumers will confront "coordination problems." With the emerging network economy all this become urgent because the availability and cost of information decreases. Also, timing issues becomes crucial as millions of people get access to the same information simultaneously. That explain why events where masses of viewers simultaneously participate in the same events become so important. We introduce a simple game theoretic model to explain this, and discuss marketing applications and possible strategies. Key words Coordination problems, common knowledge, corporate communication URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6401 Files in this item: 1
foss20kristensen20wilke1.pdf (175.7Kb) -
Rose, Caspar (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Theory and Evidence from the BalticsJones, Derek C.; Mygind, Niels (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We begin by identifying a typical governance life-cycle, defined as changes in ownership structure, and including both the identity of the major owner and ownership concentration. The cycle is marked by key events and phases including start-up, initial growth, mature growth, and possibly a crisis and restructuring stage or exit stage. The governance cycle for transitional countries reflects some specific characteristics –e.g. often privatization produces specific initial ownership structures, with an unusually high proportion of insider, especially, employee ownership. Subsequently pres-sures for restructuring produce strong impulses for ownership changes. There is limited possibility for external finance because of the embryonic development of the banking system and the capital markets during early transition. The governance cycle is also influenced by specific features of the institutional, cultural and economic environment in a country. The varying importance of these fac-tors is expected to produce differences in key features of ownership cycles such as the speed at which particular ownership changes occur. To provide simple hypothesis tests, we use new and rich enterprise panel data sets for the three Bal-tic countries. The data enable various measures of ownership to be constructed (including the iden-tity of major owners and ownership concentration). The empirical analysis covers the ownership cycle with emphasis on initial ownership and subsequent changes. Our key method is to assemble a series of transition matrices showing both starting and final ownership configurations for sample enterprises and to simultaneously provide information on changes in concentration for the largest single owner. For Estonia this is supplemented with an analysis of the frequencies of different own-ership-cycles including intermediary stages of ownership. In spite of important differences in insti-tutional development, especially concerning the privatization process, we find that governance cy-cles are broadly similar in all countries. Employee ownership is rapidly fading and mainly being succeeded by managerial ownership. There are changes back and forth between manager and do-mestic external ownership, while foreign ownership is quite stable. Ownership concentration is mostly increasing after privatization, which included diversification both to employees and external owners. Since ownership diversification did not sit well with the slow development of the institu-tional framework, as expected we see a subsequent concentration of ownership on both managers, external domestic and foreign owners. However, variation in institutions, there are also important differences across countries. The adjustment of ownership structures is faster in Estonia and this can be explained by the relatively fast pace of institutional change and evolution of important gov-ernance institutions, including tough bankruptcy legislation and advances in the financial system. JEL-codes: G3, J5, P2, P3 Keywords: corporate governance, life-cycle, privatization, ownership change, transition econo-mies, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania . URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6611 Files in this item: 1
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A Dynamic AnalysisHobdari, Bersant; Jones, Derek; Mygind, Niels (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: New and rich panel data for a large and representative sample of firms are used to estimate the sensitivity of access to capital to differing ownership structures. The investment behaviour of firms is examined in a dynamic setting in the presence of adjustment costs, liquidity constraints and imperfect competition. The empirical work is based on the derivation of Euler equations in the presence of symmetric and quadratic adjustment costs and both debt and equity constraints. Whereas the norm is to use ad hoc approaches to model these constraints, our alternative and more consistent leads to the inclusion of financial variables in investment equation in first differences rather than in levels. Our GMM estimates confirm the importance of financial factors in determining investment rates and suggest that firms owned by insiders, especially non-managerial employees, are more prone to be liquidity constrained than are others. Among the other groups, somewhat surprisingly, only domestic outsider owned firms display sensitivity to both measures of the availability of finance, with manager owned firms being sensitive to the availability of external finance, while state owned firms being sensitive to the availability of internal finance. Corporate Investment, Corporate Governance, Adjustment Costs, Liquidity Constraints, GMM Estimates, Transition Economies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6585 Files in this item: 1
dynamicinvestmentpaper-2.pdf (381.1Kb) -
The Norwegian maritime sectorWallevik, Kristin (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The four papers in this thesis investigate corporate governance in family firms from different angles, with emphasis on industry and industry networks. I divide the industry networks into social and commercial networks, where social networks are measured by interlocking boards and commercial networks by investments in other firms in the same industry. Focus is on the governance structures in family firms, how industry and networks may be determinants of family ownership, and the effect of family ownership and strong industry networks on financial performance in certain industries (such as the maritime industry). Two of the papers are theoretical papers and two are empirical papers. The empirical papers are based on the same hand-collected dataset comprising 167 Norwegian listed companies from 1996-2005. The first paper - “Corporate Governance in Family firms” comprises a survey of the corporate governance literature on family firms, paying attention to the unique issues in the governance of these firms. I discuss different forms of ownership and how different agency contexts and business environments may suit family ownership better than other ownership structures. I also discuss how firms can reap the benefits of family ownership, by using a relational governance model, if there is an atmosphere of positive relationships, trust and shared visions. A relational governance model focuses on the social capital embedded in personal relations between owners, managers and board members. A contractual governance model, however, focuses on finding the optimal incentives in the relations between owners and managers, in addition to having greater focus on the monitoring role of the board. These two models may complement and supplement each other in a governance structure. The question is how these different governance models affect firms’ operations, decision-making, and competitiveness. The second paper - “The Effect of Industry Networks on Family Ownership” deals with possible effects of industry networks on the prevalence of family firms in different industries. I discuss how various networks can be determinants of family ownership, in addition to elements like incentives, monitoring, and altruism, as well as firm, industry and nation specific factors. I also discuss whether family firms can gain more from these industry networks than other firms due to a higher degree of ”thick trust”, strong owner-manager relations and the use of a relational governance structure. This paper proposes that strong social and commercial networks affect the number of family firms in an industry, as a result of the social capital embedded in these relations. Paper three - “Social and Commercial Networks as Determinants of Family Ownership - The Norwegian Shipping Industry” is an empirical paper testing whether industry networks are among the determinants of family ownership in the Norwegian shipping industry. The overall question is why family ownership is more prevalent in some industries, and which elements that influence this ownership structure. I focus on industry effects such as the number of firms in an industry and the social and commercial industry networks between firms. These are potential determinants of family ownership. I find that both industry and various industry networks have a significant and positive effect on family ownership in the shipping industry. The fourth paper - “Family Ownership, Networks and Financial Performance” takes up the question whether family ownership and various networks affect financial performance, measured by Tobin’s q and ROA lagged, or not. Earlier studies come to different conclusions regarding the relationship between family ownership and firm performance, which may be due to differences in the agency context of the studies. I add industry and industry networks as central variables to disentangle some of the contextual factors in this relationship. This paper argues that it is not necessarily the family ownership that affects performance, but how this ownership is used in a strategic manner. Establishing and using networks are seemingly a means of operation in some industries, sometimes with a positive effect on performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7901 Files in this item: 1
Kristin_Wallevik.pdf (3.039Mb) -
Comparing networks and formal institutionsSinani, Evis; Thomsen, Steen; Staffsud, Anna; Randoy, Trond; Edling, Christofer (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
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Webber, Stuart (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation analyzes ways in which Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) shift profits from one country to another to reduce their income tax expense. This is an important topic for a number of reasons. From a country’s perspective, its income tax rates and policies can have a significant impact upon its tax revenue, economic competitiveness, and the vibrancy of its economy. From the MNE’s perspective, income tax rates and policies determine a firm’s tax obligations, and thus affect net income and enterprise value. The dissertation examines several ways in which MNEs shift profits to reduce income taxes, and consists of five chapters. The introductory chapter reviews the economic evidence demonstrating firms shift profits from one country to another in response to tax rates. In the past two decades a number of economic studies have shown firms use tax and accounting techniques to shift reported profits to low tax jurisdictions, and that chapter reviews key articles that have demonstrated this. The second paper explains how MNEs finance international investments to shift interest income to low-tax jurisdictions. It reviews government tax policies in a number of countries that have been enacted to limit interest income shifting, and recommends an approach to control this activity. The third paper examines tax efficient supply chains, in which tax departments and supply chain organizations collaborate to site business operations to achieve supply chain objectives and reduce tax obligations. The fourth chapter analyzes how some U.S.-headquartered firms have moved their corporate headquarters from the U.S. to tax havens, to reduce their tax expense and avoid U.S. international tax policies. The fifth and final chapter examines new U.S. tax regulations that propose to value intellectual property transfers in the same way outside investors would, which the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) calls its “investor model.” It also makes recommendations concerning how the investor model can be improved. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8457 Files in this item: 1
Stuart_Webber.pdf (1.230Mb) -
Juul Andersen, Torben (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: How was CSR effectuated by Scandinavian management; does CSR make a difference/corporate relationship management drove CSR, as corporations grow and internationalize the need for CSR increases, there has been a shift towards in CSR requirements over the past decade/CSR can extend the scope of corporate risk management, corporate relationship management is good risk management, CSR can pay off in the long run. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8551 Files in this item: 1
Torben_Juul_Andersen_SMG.pdf (174.4Kb) -
perspectives from organizational economicsElfring, Tom; Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 1997)[More information][Less information]
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Recognition and Discovery of Investment OpportunitiesVintergaard, Christian (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: From the perspective of Austrian economics, this paper develops a conceptual understanding of how corporate venture managers recognize and discover opportunities in a network environment. In an effort to create a better understanding of who is involved in process, this paper reports on the development path of an entrepreneurial opportunity of the Danish corporate venture capitalist, Danfoss A/S. This paper distinguishes itself from previous research done on entrepreneurial opportunities by creating a holistic and conceptual framework, which broadens and expands the perception of the market participants involved in recognition and discovery. Consequently the paper offers insight to a diversified group of actors who mix and match technological and market capabilities in a constant process of recognition and discovery. Key words: Corporate venturing, entrepreneurship, discovery, networks, opportunities, recognition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6397 Files in this item: 1
wp 3 2004.pdf (326.5Kb) -
Vangkilde, Mads (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6654 Files in this item: 1