Browsing Departments by Title
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Skibsted, Marie Kruse (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis focuses on individuals’ educational achievements and labor market outcomes in a Danish context. Particularly, the thesis aims at determining the returns to specific tertiary educational decisions and understanding the mechanisms underlying such decisions. These related objectives are addressed using econometric methods applied on Danish micro data. All four chapters are empirical studies and combine data from different sources. The main source of data is an administrative data set obtained from Copenhagen Business School (CBS) that contains detailed educational information on students enrolled at CBS. I combine this data with register data obtained from Statistics Denmark. The educational data is the core of Chapter 2, Chapter 3, and Chapter 4 and defines the sample in these chapters. Chapter 1 relies exclusively on data from Statistics Denmark. Chapter 1 (a joint work with Anders Sørensen from Copenhagen Business School) estimates the wage premium of those with a master’s degree in business economics and management when compared to the wages of those with master’s degrees in other fields in the social sciences. By means of an Instrumental Variable (IV) approach, we identify the returns to a business education by addressing the endogenous selection of master’s programs. Using season of birth as an exogenous determinant of master’s degree choice, we find that a master’s degree in business economics and management results in a wage premium of around 12% compared to other master’s degrees in the social sciences. Moreover, we find that the probability of private sector employment is significantly larger for individuals with a master’s degree in business economics and management. Finally, in contrast to the literature that finds significant reductions in the gender wage gap when controlling for educational fields, controlling for a master’s degree in business economics and management does not affect the large and robust gender wage gap prevalent in our sample. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9318 Files in this item: 1
Marie_Skibsted.pdf (2.867Mb) -
Fosse, Henrik Barslund (Copenhagen Business School, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The thesis consists of an introduction followed by three numbered chapters (independent papers). It covers topics in international trade, and in di¤erent ways the thesis investigates aspects of heterogeneity. The rst chapter is coauthored with Pascalis Raimondos-Møller. The version of this chapter is published in the CESifo Working Paper Series and serves as the nal background paper for the compressed journal article published in Review of Development Economics, May 2012. The second chapter is coauthored with Madhura Maitra, senior PhD student at Columbia University at the time. The third chapter is a solo paper. In the rst chapter we introduce a traditional macro model of trade and change the com- petitive environment by introducing state-owned enterprises. We also include heterogenous households to analyze e¤ects on the income distribution. The chapter focuses on Vietnam s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2007. Upon entry, Vietnam was granted an accession period lasting till 2014. During this period tari¤s would have to fall according to the accession agreement. This rst chapter evaluates this 2007-2014 trade liberalization by building an applied general equilibrium model and calibrating it to the Vietnamese data. The model pays careful attention to the fact that Vietnam has many state-owned enterprises that do not behave in a pro t maximizing way. The model simulations show that the WTO imposed tari¤ reforms will reduce the overall welfare level of the Vietnamese households. Moreover, the biggest loss of income will take place among the poor rural households in Vietnam. We propose other tari¤ reforms that both raise overall welfare and reduce income inequality. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8541 Files in this item: 1
Henrik_Barslund_Fosse.pdf (1.149Mb) -
Grøgaard, Birgitte; Gioia, Carmine; Benito, Gabriel R.G. (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Research on companies’ internationalization has mainly focused on firm-level and country-level factors in order to explain firms’ cross-border activities. With the exception of a limited number of studies emphasizing rivalistic behavior in oligopolistic industries, industry factors have been neglected as potential determinants of companies’ internationalization. We argue that differences across industries with regard to competition level, research intensity, tangibility of the products, and the existence of clusters should influence the impetus and opportunities to internationalize. This study examines the role of such factors using data covering the internationalization patterns of the 100 largest non-financial Norwegian companies over the period 1990 to 2000. We find that industry factors contribute significantly to explaining the internationalization of these companies, and that the effects of industry factors remain strong when firm-level characteristics are taken into account. Key words: Internationalization, multinational companies, industry factors, Norway JEL classification: F21, F23, L10 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7477 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 29.pdf (799.1Kb) -
Jessen, Cathrine; Poulsen, Rolf (, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper the empirical performance of ve di erent models for barrier op- tion valuation is investigated: the Black-Scholes model, the constant elasticity of variance model, the Heston stochastic volatility model, the Merton jump-di usion model, and the in nite activity Variance Gamma model. We use time-series data from the USD/EUR exchange rate market: standard put and call (plain vanilla) option prices and a unique set of observed market values of barrier options. The models are calibrated to plain vanilla option prices, and prediction errors at dif- ferent horizons for plain vanilla and barrier option values are investigated. For plain vanilla options, the Heston and Merton models have similar and superior performance for prediction horizons up to one week. For barrier options, the continuous-path models (Black-Scholes, constant elasticity of variance, and Hes- ton) do almost equally well, while both models with jumps (Merton and Variance Gamma) perform markedly worse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9179 Files in this item: 1
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Raahauge, Peter (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Rational expectations models make stringent assumptions on the agent's knowledge about the true model. This paper introduces a model in which the rational agent realizes that using a given model involves approximation errors, and adjusts behavior accordingly. If the researcher accounts for this empirical rationality on part of the agent, the resulting empirical model assigns likelihood to the data actually observed, unlike in the unmodified rational expectations case. A Lucas (1978)-type asset pricing model which incorporates empirical rationality is constructed and estimated using U.S. stock data. The equilibrium asset pricing function is seriously affected by the existence of approximation errors and the descriptive properties and normative implications of the model are significantly improved. This suggests that investors do not | and should not | ignore approximation errors. Keywords: Approximation errors, model uncertainty, estimation of structural models, rational expectations, asset pricing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7139 Files in this item: 1
wp-141.pdf (347.7Kb) -
Raahauge, Peter (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Overgaard Olesen, Jan (, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Shi, Qingxin (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Usability evaluation methods are widely used to assess and improve the user interface design. This dissertation investigates the thinking aloud usability testing from a cultural perspective. In a test situation, representative users are required to verbalize their thoughts as they perform their tasks while using the system, and an evaluator observes the user’s task performance and comes up with usability problems. The primary goal of a usability test is to find a list of usability problems. In this research, the impacts of evaluators’ and users’ cultural backgrounds on both the result and the process of the thinking aloud usability testing were investigated. Regarding the results of the usability testing, the identified usability problem was the main focus, whereas for the process of testing, the communication between users and evaluators was the main focus. In this dissertation, culture was regarded as cognitive styles and communication orientations. For the theories of thinking aloud, both Ericsson and Simon’s classic model, and Boren and Ramey’s revised model for usability testing were taken into account. Based on the culture theories and thinking aloud models, hypotheses were developed to investigate the evaluators’ identified usability problems in different cultural settings, and themes were put forward to investigate the evaluators’ and users’ communications. In order to investigate the hypotheses and themes, an experimental study was conducted. The experimental design consisted of four independent groups with evaluators and users from similar or different cultures (Danish and Chinese). Empirical data were collected by using background questionnaires, usability problem forms, usability problem lists, video recordings of the testing and interviews. The usability testing software “Morae” was used to record the whole testing, including the faces of the evaluators and users, the screen and keyboard activities. Evaluators’ and users’ communications were analyzed by the behavioural coding and analysis software “Observer XT 8.0” with a well defined coding system. The results of the systematic study of the thinking aloud usability testing in the context of the intra- and inter-cultural usability engineering show that the evaluators’ cultural backgrounds do have some influences on the usability testing; however, the influences are different for the tests with Western and East Asian users. The main findings of this research have implications for both usability research and practice. The methodological approach also gives inspiration for usability evaluation studies URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8167 Files in this item: 2
Ny_version_Qingxin_Shi.pdf (4.021Mb)Qingxin_Shi.pdf (5.203Mb) -
A New Approach to Strategic ControlHallin, Carina Antonia; Andersen, Torben J.; Foss, Nicolai J.; Tveterås, Sigbjørn (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Recent advances within the dynamic capabilities view emphasize the “sensing” of employees as an important part of the micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities: By putting in place organizational processes that mobilize and exploit information gathered by individual employees from their operating environment, firms can update insights about performance outcomes and improve strategic decision-making. We test empirically the extent to which firms can ascertain performance outcomes by drawing on employee knowledge. Our empirical setting is the Scandinavian hospitality sector with respondents among frontline service employees. Using a time series approach, we show that employee respondents (collectively) assess medium-term organizational performance better than management and the financial models available to them. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8506 Files in this item: 1
Hallin.pdf (217.2Kb) -
Torp, Simon (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation creates a model that combines the literature on employee stock ownership (ESO), middle management involvement in strategy and the participative leader ship style with the motivational literature on psychological owners hip. The model is based on the recognition that despite a strong theoretical foundation of the firs t three concepts supporting a positive relationship with performance, the empirical evidence is inconclusive. Additiona lly, the literature on the three concepts finds that the performance effect of the concepts seems to be me diated by the creation of internalised extrinsic motiva tion in the form of psychologi cal empowerment, organisational citizenship behaviour or psyc hological ownership. Based on th e literature on psychological ownership, ESO, middle management involvement and a participative leadership style are argued to be determinants of psychological ownership. The m odel thereby argues that the three concepts must be seen as determinants of psychological owners hip and that their pote ntial positive effect on performance is triggered by their potential motivationa l effect. The three concepts can also be seen as interrelated and the model argues that a combin ation of the three would enhance the performance effect. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8292 Files in this item: 1
Simon_S_Torp.pdf (2.134Mb) -
Essays on sorting and globalizationScheuer, Christian (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: "Leaping into the future of labor economics: the research potential of linking employer and employee data" is the title of a paper by Daniel S Hammermesh published in Labour Economics in 1999. I quote it here, since it captures much of my motivation for the work included in this thesis. Considering applied micro econometrics and labor economics my main elds of interest, the development of linked employer-employee data that took place in Denmark around the time of the new millennium, marked new and exciting possibilities. For some years Danish researchers have had access to very detailed information on all people living in Denmark, but at the beginning of this century also data on all companies linked to these persons was being made available for research. Combined with modern computer technology this meant access to a linked database following all employers and all employees in Denmark over time. I had no doubt that this should be the centerpiece of my Ph.D. The result has been two lines of research, one studying the e¤ect of globalization on labor demand in Denmark, and one studying sorting, that is, how and why employers meet employees in the labor market. In the summary I treat each line of research independently although I would like to emphasize, that studying a labor market where fi rms and workers reacts to one another is the corner stone in both. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7928 Files in this item: 1
Christian_Scheuer.pdf (1.312Mb) -
A Qualitative Case StudySøderberg, Anne-Marie (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Previous research tends to overemphasize frictions, cultural clashes and communication breakdowns in virtual teams. The author aims at exploring positive aspects of cross-cultural collaboration and identifying some of the conditions underlying trust-building, employee motivation and team effectiveness. Whereas much research on virtual teams has taken its point of departure in Western MNCs and primarily addressed headquarter concerns, this case study of a Danish MNC´s Indian R & D site gives voice to Indian managers and employees and explores through semi-structured interviews and observations how they perceive communication and collaboration within multinational and multicultural R & D teams, and how they try to find common ground. Based on the interviews accounts, there are several enablers of virtual team collaboration: advanced information and communication technology facilitated virtual communication, and high English-language proficiency among the engineers at different R & D sites made dialogue and knowledge exchange feasible. Moreover, team members shared a strong professional identity as engineers and technicians, and they displayed a strong identification with the MNC, a world leader in the wind power industry. Perceived national differences in leadership and communication style played a minor role, maybe because the majority of Indian managers and employees had previous experience working in other Western MNCs. Some of the Indian managers and employees were even able to act as boundary-spanners between headquarters and the Indian R&D site due to their study and work experiences in other business environments. Culture courses that introduced the Danish and Indian team members to a North European communication and management style, and to an Indian respectively, were introduced on the initiative of the Danish managing director, who - in contrast to the HR department - recognized the importance of facilitating the virtual teamwork through cultural awareness training. Suggestions for further cultural learning processes are given. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8566 Files in this item: 1
Søderberg IHRM 2012 conference paper.pdf (98.55Kb) -
An empirical investigation of business model innovation in supplier relation-ship managementNøkkentved, Chris (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In broad terms we want to identify the initiatives that drive business model transformation and study their effect on performance. We also presume that such initiatives are primarily influencing the context-specific skills and priorities of the organization. Transformation initiatives leading to organizational and technological change are presumably constrained by resident capabilities (Hartmann et al.,2002, Håkansson & Waluszewski, 2002), the focus and state of the current operations (Subramanian & Shaw, 2002), hence they indirectly influence performance26. There are potentially additional environmental contingencies affecting those same domain-specific factors, of which we will investigate industry membership, region, and company size (Ford et al. 1997). Finally, we will explore whether different actors or leaders incharge of such technology-oriented and organizational transformations have differences of opinion on the priorities of the firm (Håkansson & Waluszewski, 2002). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7767 Files in this item: 1
Chris_Nøkkentved.pdf (35.92Mb) -
Georg, Susse (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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A Contribution to Strategic Cost ManagementScheibye, Carsten (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This PhD Thesis researches into Strategic Cost Management with a general research interest in, how top management makes sense about the organization’s cost structure in strategic decisions about the configuration of the value chain. The empirical setting is among other confined by organizations’ outsourcing and relocation ventures, where ‘cost reduction’ is a prominent argument behind the decisions. The overall research purpose is to develop explanatory propositions about, how Strategic Cost Management practices might be ‘enacted and given meaning’ (Baxter and Chua, 2003, p. 112) by top management. Such understanding is suggestable of scholarly interest. It is well-known to academia that extant contributions from the literary realms of Supply Chain Management and Management Accounting irradiate that decisions to reconfigure the organizations’ value chains can encompass substantial investments and embed pivotal organizational tradeoffs. Thus, it is of centrality in relation to the organizations’ competitive positions. Secondly, contemporary contributions within Supply Chain Management or in close juxtaposition hereto increasingly question decision making schemes based on ‘pure cost efficiency considerations’ (e.g. Kinkel, 2012, p. 696). These contributions progressively advocate for a broader view upon organizations’ approaches to value chain configuration. This perspective on cost management within the realm of the value chain is shared by Management Accounting researchers (e.g. Anderson, 2007; Anderson and Dekker, 2009ab). These Management Accounting situated researchers, thirdly, direct attention to a disproportionate research emphasis on cost management issues with a focal point of that of improving cost performance given a certain strategy and cost structure, i.e. executional cost management, opposed to research into the cost structural choices associated with the design of the value chain, i.e. structural cost management (e.g. Anderson and Dekker, 2009ab). This is perhaps surprising, when the centrality of the cost structural choices in relation to the competitive position is considered. These scholars do, fourthly, stress the amble opportunity to understand the more ‘complex economic and social forces’ (Anderson, 2007, p. 483) that govern the management of the structural costs. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9242 Files in this item: 1
Carsten Scheibye.pdf (5.140Mb) -
Olsen, Jørgen Kai (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6645 Files in this item: 1
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Koss Rasmussen, Rasmus (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In CMS, debates on methodology have typically taken second stage to those on epistemology and ontology as the field embraced a plurality of methods. Recent work pushing for CMS to engage more strongly with mainstream theory, however, raises the need for a discussion on how to use methods recognizable to the mainstream in progressive ways. This paper seeks to remedy this lacunae by linking the concept of Critical Performativity (Spicer, Alvesson & Kärreman, 2009) to case study research and shows how case studies informed by Critical Realism (Easton, 2010a) can be generalized to “what could be” (Schofield, 2002). In this way, employing case studies in a progressive fashion may serve as a valuable means for a critically perfomative CMS to achieve greater impact through influence on mainstream theory building, business school education and management practice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8298 Files in this item: 1
Encouraging_cases_Working_paper_2_.pdf (179.2Kb) -
Project Management Challenges in Small Software Shops in PakistanShakir, Shahid N.; Nørbjerg, Jacob (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Most software development companies are very small with only 1-10 employees. In developing countries such companies play an important role both locally and as providers of software and services to customers in other parts of the world. Understanding and improving their project management (PM) practices are, therefore, important not only in the local context, but also in the context of globalized software development. This paper explores actual PM practices in Pakistani Small Software development Shops (SSDS). We find PM challenges in addition to challenges reported by software engineering literature, and we have described the implications of those challenges on quality and productivity of Pakistani SSDSs. We also find that some Pakistani SSDS practices are similar to what is reported from SSDSs in other parts of the world, but other practices are related to the companies' position in the global software development chain. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8791 Files in this item: 1
shakir noerbjerg iris36.pdf (273.0Kb) -
Petersen, Christian; Plenborg, Thomas (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
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Lyse Hansen, Thomas; Astrup Jensen, Bjarne (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: It is a delicate matter to trade spot products and financial derivatives in energy markets. Op- posite to bond and stock markets, the underlying assets are real products and a significant part of the demand for them represents a real need for the products, which can only be substituted away with some difficulties or, in some cases, only in a prohibitively costly manner. This is particularly true in the spot market, where the demand is almost always met, but where the spot price processes can be quite different from the spot price processes conventionally used in the pricing of derivatives. This pattern of real demand is also the main reason for the existence of the well-known convenience yield in energy markets. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7185 Files in this item: 1
endeligt_wp__2004_10_.pdf (365.3Kb)