Departments Titler
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Boxenbaum, Eva (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper investigates the bringing into existence of a proto-institution, that is, a new practice, rule or technology that diffuses beyond the innovative setting, but which is not yet taken-for-granted in a field. A case study, conducted real-time, shows how a collaborative group of business actors deliberately develop a proto-institution. They transpose an institutional logic from another field and combine it with an institutional logic in the focal field to resolve a field-level problem. Enabling factors include a high level of institutional heterogeneity in the focal field, the use of inter-organizational networks, and actors embedded in multiple fields. The making of the proto-institution is intentional, yet the institutional building blocks and the apparent interests of actors are institutionally embedded. The results from this micro-dynamic analysis suggest revisions to current conceptualizations of institutional change processes. Keywords: Institutional change, proto-institution, cognition, institutional entrepreneurship, innovation, collaborative networks. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6726 Filer i denne post: 1
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Foss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G. (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We discuss the emergence of the theory of the firm (in the Coasian sense); survey and discuss the main currents of the theo~y of the firm, and discuss what has determined the emergence of the theory of the firm. We argue that advances in the theory of the firm have been strongly influenced by conceptual innovations in (mainstream) economics in general and by the ongoing division of labour in economics in tandem with a recognition of the importance of a number of empirical anomalies The substantive borrowing from neighbouring disciplines, such as business history, law, psychology, organizational sociology and business administration has been relatively limited and ad hoc (although some scholars, notably Williamson, have made more substantive use of these disciplines than othe~s) The fact that the theory of the firm has stayed relatively close in to the (changing) economic mainstream and that its substantive borrowing from neighbouring disciplines has been relatively limited unde~lie and explain much of the "external" critique of the theory (i.e., the critiques of sociologists, heterodox economists and management scholars). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7444 Filer i denne post: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 38.pdf (6.112Mb) -
An Ethnographic Study of Quality Coordinator Work in two Danish Hospital DepartmentsMadsen, Marie Henriette (Frederiksberg, 2015)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The issue of quality and how to provide the best possible care for patients has always been a central concern in the health care sector. For the last decades, this concern has resulted in formulations of quality standards and clinical guidelines that define best practices for clinical work, as well as an increased use of methods and procedures to measure, assess and control quality. In this way, quality development includes certain expectations and requirements, not only to the practices of patient care but also to the practices of quality development. Accordingly, the organisation of quality development in health care has become a matter of concern in its own terms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9227 Filer i denne post: 1
Marie H Madsen.pdf (2.212Mb) -
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Resume: South Korean and Taiwanese brands have long been household names. Today, however, the names of transnational companies (TNCs) from an increasingly diverse set of emerging and developing economies are regularly making if not the dinner table conversation then at least the headlines of the international business press. This reflects that companies such as Mittal and Tata (India), China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), Haier and Lenovo (PRC), Embraer (Brazil), SAPMiller (South Africa), and Cemex (Mexico) are foraying ever deeper into the international economy and increasingly investing abroad. Even though FDI usually constitutes only a minor part of countries’ total capital formation, the relationships between FDI and economic growth, welfare, and industrial upgrading in developing countries have been the object of long and extensive treatment in the literature. However, the literature has overwhelmingly focused on the impact of outward FDI from developed countries into recipient developing countries. Much less analyzed has been the increasingly important phenomenon of outward FDI (OFDI) from the developing countries themselves, be it into developed or into other developing countries. Apart from a few early pioneering studies (Lecraw 1977; Lall 1983; Wells 1983; Agarwal 1985) only few studies have been made so far of outward investment from emerging and developing economies. This is in spite of the fact that the value of outward FDI stock from developing countries reached USD859 billion in 2003, up from USD129 billion in 1990, and has increased 11 times since 1985. A limited number of recent studies do exist, though (e.g. Cai 1999; Lecraw 1993; van Hoesel 1999; Tolentino 1993; Andreff 2003; Chudnovsky and López 2000; Bulatov 1998, Yeung 2000). Furthermore, academic interest in the subject picked up considerably with the publication of UNCTAD’s 2006 World Investment Report, which was dedicated to the subject of FDI from developing and transition economies. The report was succeeded by a number of journal special issues (e.g. JIBS 2007, JIM forthcoming, TC forthcoming) and books (e.g. Goldstein 2007; Benito and Narula 2007). This paper takes stock of the mounting trend of outward FDI from emerging economies, with special focus on a group of five countries, which are becoming increasingly economically and politically influential, viz. the ‘BRICS’ countries. An ‘S’ is appended here to the conventional acronym of ‘BRIC’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China) to include the largest economy on the African continent, South Africa. The five BRICS countries produced some USD25 billion of outward FDI flows in 2004, corresponding to some 3 percent of world FDI flows and well over half (61 percent) of total developing country outflows. OFDI from the BRICS countries has grown rapidly over the last few years, while still remaining modest compared to many developed countries. Following a brief discussion of FDI and emerging economies in general the article proceeds to hypothesise that the increase we currently observe in outward investment from emerging and developing economies may constitute a third ‘wave’ of OFDI, distinct from the two previous waves depicted in the literature, and outlines the contours of such a wave. An empirical analysis OFDI from the BRICS countries follows, conducted at three levels: global (what is the extent, directions, etc. of outward FDI); sectoral (in which sectors is outward FDI significant); and firm level, identifying a small number of particularly interesting TNCs from emerging and developing economies URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6567 Filer i denne post: 1
ijtg+ofdi+pga+w+general+fdi-2.pdf (304.2Kb) -
In Between Local Translation, Institutional Logics and DiscourseWaldorff, Susanne Boch (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In this dissertation I focus on a national reform of the Danish public sector, which in January 2007 facilitated the development of new municipal health care centers in order to meet specific local demands and to improve primary health care. However, this new organizational concept was not presented as a mandatory and detailed legislative reform. The municipalities therefore developed centers focusing in different ways on health promotion and rehabilitation and with great variation in their structure. Specifically, I find it intriguing how specific actors at the local level, such as politicians, medical professions, and social welfare professionals, were able to participate in local developments, and how they constructed specific organizational forms as local manifestations of the new national policy. Particularly, I am interested in exploring how the heterogeneous institutional context influences local actors’ translation of an abstract organizational concept into specific organizational forms.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8021 Filer i denne post: 1
Susanne_Boch_Waldorff.pdf (2.327Mb) -
Rai, Sudhanshu; Pedersen, Mogens Kuhn (Frederiksberg, 2009)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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From Czechoslovakia To The Czech Republic and SlovakiaOoi, Can-Seng; Peji´c Kristensen, Tatjana; Lomanová Pedersen, Zdenka (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Tourism offers an arena through which a place identity is imagined, negotiated and contained. This paper compares the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and show how these countries construct and assert their identities through tourism. They both share a common history as Czechoslovakia, however, they are perceived differently by the outside world. These former Eastern Bloc countries are promoting themselves in several ways and they are also marginalising their socialist past and invoking their Central European identity. The Czech and Slovak search for destination identity takes into account tourists’ demands and perceptions. This paper introduces the concept of the orientalist tourist gaze, and demonstrates how orientalism may manifest in tourism. Data on how these two countries are imagined were collected in Denmark. Keywords: destination identity, host society-guest interaction, impact of tourism, orientalism URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6576 Filer i denne post: 1
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Origins, Key Tenets and Research GapsFoss, Nicolai J.; Lyngsie, Jacob (Frederiksberg, 2011)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The field of strategic entrepreneurship is a fairly recent one. Its central idea is that opportunity-seeking and advantage-seeking—the former the central subject of the entrepreneurship field, the latter the central subject of the strategic management field— are processes that need to be considered jointly. The purpose of this brief chapter is to explain the emergence of SE theory field in terms of a response to research gaps in the neighboring fields of entrepreneurship and strategic management; describe the main tenets of SE theory; discuss its relations to neighboring fields; and finally describe some research gaps in extant theory, mainly focusing on the need to provide clear microfoundations for SE theory and link it to organizational design theory. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8249 Filer i denne post: 1
SMG WP 7_2011.pdf (278.0Kb) -
Stern, Alexander Brian (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Percy, Larry; Hansen, Flemming; Randrup, Rolf (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6660 Filer i denne post: 1
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[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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A Semiotic Approach to the Sentence Forms Chosen by British, Danish and Russian Speakers in Native and ELF ContextsIbsen, Olga Rykov (Frederiksberg, 2016)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: According to Durst-Andersen’s theory of communicative supertypes all languages can roughly be described as belonging to one of the following supertypes: (1) reality-oriented languages such as Russian and Hindi that speak of reality through the situation being common to the speaker and the hearer; (2) speaker-oriented languages such as Spanish and Japanese that speak of reality through the speaker’s experience of the situation; and finally (3) hearer-oriented languages such as Danish and English that speak of reality through the hearer’s experience of it. Using the above-mentioned approach, this dissertation investigates the following hypotheses: (I) native speakers of British English prefer indirect requesting strategies; (II) Danes and Russians favour direct requesting strategies in their mother tongue; (III) Danes and Russians transfer direct requesting strategies from their mother tongue to English; (IV) British, Danish, and Russian speakers prefer interrogative sentence structures with the situations where the speaker and hearer do not ‘share the same world’. Cross-cultural data consisting of the Trolley (Permission), the Window (Prohibition), and the Library (Impossibility) situations has been collected through role play from Danish, Russian, and English speakers (control group) at Carlsberg, and consists of both English Lingua Franca Data and Mother Tongue Data. The analysis of these three situations partially provided support for hypothesis I with the native speakers of English and II with the Russians though not with the Danes. By construing requests in terms of a ‘problem-solving’ activity, I found that almost half of the British English speakers ‘solved the problem’ straightaway by using the imperative sentence structure in the Trolley situation, e.g. Put your luggage on the trolley! Yet, among the three groups, the British English speakers were the only group who employed interrogatives most often. Both the Russian and Danish speakers preferred to solve the problem by offering their ‘best bid for a solution of a problem’ in the form of the declarative sentence structure in English, like.g. You can put your luggage on the trolley, whereas they preferred other ways of solving the problem in their native languages: the Russian mother tongue speakers overwhelmingly solved the problem on the spot with the help of the imperative form as in Stav’te svoi vešči na moju teležku! for ‘Put (IPFV) your belongings on my trolley!’, and the Danish mother tongue speakers mostly chose to solve the problem by ‘stating’ it, which is done with the hlp of the interrogative sentence structure, like Skal jeg ikke lige smide den med på min vogn ? for ‘Don’t you want me to throw it on my trolley?’. Hypothesis III was also partially confirmed with the Russians, who appeared to transfer the imperative sentence structure from Russian to Russian English in the Trolley and the Library situations. In addition, due to the original view on directives as trichotomous entities, it was possible to discover covert influence of Russian aspect and transfer of the imperative mood in Russian to Russian English. The analysis did not reveal any direct transfers of syntactic structures from Danish to Danish English. Finally, hypothesis IV was completely confirmed since the British, Danish, and Russian respondents largely preferred the interrogative sentence form with the Library situation. Even though the present study has analysed only a small sample, the findings for direct and subtle transfers from a mother tongue to English as a Lingua Franca can prove instrumental in improving global communication, say, in the form of developing teaching material for cross-cultural business organisations that use English as medium of communication. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9338 Filer i denne post: 1
Olga_Rykov_Ibsen.pdf (5.974Mb) -
Skibsted, Marie Kruse (Frederiksberg, 2016)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This thesis focuses on individuals’ educational achievements and labor market outcomes in a Danish context. Particularly, the thesis aims at determining the returns to specific tertiary educational decisions and understanding the mechanisms underlying such decisions. These related objectives are addressed using econometric methods applied on Danish micro data. All four chapters are empirical studies and combine data from different sources. The main source of data is an administrative data set obtained from Copenhagen Business School (CBS) that contains detailed educational information on students enrolled at CBS. I combine this data with register data obtained from Statistics Denmark. The educational data is the core of Chapter 2, Chapter 3, and Chapter 4 and defines the sample in these chapters. Chapter 1 relies exclusively on data from Statistics Denmark. Chapter 1 (a joint work with Anders Sørensen from Copenhagen Business School) estimates the wage premium of those with a master’s degree in business economics and management when compared to the wages of those with master’s degrees in other fields in the social sciences. By means of an Instrumental Variable (IV) approach, we identify the returns to a business education by addressing the endogenous selection of master’s programs. Using season of birth as an exogenous determinant of master’s degree choice, we find that a master’s degree in business economics and management results in a wage premium of around 12% compared to other master’s degrees in the social sciences. Moreover, we find that the probability of private sector employment is significantly larger for individuals with a master’s degree in business economics and management. Finally, in contrast to the literature that finds significant reductions in the gender wage gap when controlling for educational fields, controlling for a master’s degree in business economics and management does not affect the large and robust gender wage gap prevalent in our sample. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9318 Filer i denne post: 1
Marie_Skibsted.pdf (2.867Mb) -
Fosse, Henrik Barslund (Copenhagen Business School, 2012)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The thesis consists of an introduction followed by three numbered chapters (independent papers). It covers topics in international trade, and in di¤erent ways the thesis investigates aspects of heterogeneity. The rst chapter is coauthored with Pascalis Raimondos-Møller. The version of this chapter is published in the CESifo Working Paper Series and serves as the nal background paper for the compressed journal article published in Review of Development Economics, May 2012. The second chapter is coauthored with Madhura Maitra, senior PhD student at Columbia University at the time. The third chapter is a solo paper. In the rst chapter we introduce a traditional macro model of trade and change the com- petitive environment by introducing state-owned enterprises. We also include heterogenous households to analyze e¤ects on the income distribution. The chapter focuses on Vietnam s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2007. Upon entry, Vietnam was granted an accession period lasting till 2014. During this period tari¤s would have to fall according to the accession agreement. This rst chapter evaluates this 2007-2014 trade liberalization by building an applied general equilibrium model and calibrating it to the Vietnamese data. The model pays careful attention to the fact that Vietnam has many state-owned enterprises that do not behave in a pro t maximizing way. The model simulations show that the WTO imposed tari¤ reforms will reduce the overall welfare level of the Vietnamese households. Moreover, the biggest loss of income will take place among the poor rural households in Vietnam. We propose other tari¤ reforms that both raise overall welfare and reduce income inequality. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8541 Filer i denne post: 1
Henrik_Barslund_Fosse.pdf (1.149Mb) -
Grøgaard, Birgitte; Gioia, Carmine; Benito, Gabriel R.G. (København, 2005)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Research on companies’ internationalization has mainly focused on firm-level and country-level factors in order to explain firms’ cross-border activities. With the exception of a limited number of studies emphasizing rivalistic behavior in oligopolistic industries, industry factors have been neglected as potential determinants of companies’ internationalization. We argue that differences across industries with regard to competition level, research intensity, tangibility of the products, and the existence of clusters should influence the impetus and opportunities to internationalize. This study examines the role of such factors using data covering the internationalization patterns of the 100 largest non-financial Norwegian companies over the period 1990 to 2000. We find that industry factors contribute significantly to explaining the internationalization of these companies, and that the effects of industry factors remain strong when firm-level characteristics are taken into account. Key words: Internationalization, multinational companies, industry factors, Norway JEL classification: F21, F23, L10 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7477 Filer i denne post: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 29.pdf (799.1Kb) -
Jessen, Cathrine; Poulsen, Rolf (, 2012)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In this paper the empirical performance of ve di erent models for barrier op- tion valuation is investigated: the Black-Scholes model, the constant elasticity of variance model, the Heston stochastic volatility model, the Merton jump-di usion model, and the in nite activity Variance Gamma model. We use time-series data from the USD/EUR exchange rate market: standard put and call (plain vanilla) option prices and a unique set of observed market values of barrier options. The models are calibrated to plain vanilla option prices, and prediction errors at dif- ferent horizons for plain vanilla and barrier option values are investigated. For plain vanilla options, the Heston and Merton models have similar and superior performance for prediction horizons up to one week. For barrier options, the continuous-path models (Black-Scholes, constant elasticity of variance, and Hes- ton) do almost equally well, while both models with jumps (Merton and Variance Gamma) perform markedly worse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9179 Filer i denne post: 1
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Raahauge, Peter (København, 2003)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Rational expectations models make stringent assumptions on the agent's knowledge about the true model. This paper introduces a model in which the rational agent realizes that using a given model involves approximation errors, and adjusts behavior accordingly. If the researcher accounts for this empirical rationality on part of the agent, the resulting empirical model assigns likelihood to the data actually observed, unlike in the unmodified rational expectations case. A Lucas (1978)-type asset pricing model which incorporates empirical rationality is constructed and estimated using U.S. stock data. The equilibrium asset pricing function is seriously affected by the existence of approximation errors and the descriptive properties and normative implications of the model are significantly improved. This suggests that investors do not | and should not | ignore approximation errors. Keywords: Approximation errors, model uncertainty, estimation of structural models, rational expectations, asset pricing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7139 Filer i denne post: 1
wp-141.pdf (347.7Kb) -
Raahauge, Peter (København, 2001)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Overgaard Olesen, Jan (, 2001)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Shi, Qingxin (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Usability evaluation methods are widely used to assess and improve the user interface design. This dissertation investigates the thinking aloud usability testing from a cultural perspective. In a test situation, representative users are required to verbalize their thoughts as they perform their tasks while using the system, and an evaluator observes the user’s task performance and comes up with usability problems. The primary goal of a usability test is to find a list of usability problems. In this research, the impacts of evaluators’ and users’ cultural backgrounds on both the result and the process of the thinking aloud usability testing were investigated. Regarding the results of the usability testing, the identified usability problem was the main focus, whereas for the process of testing, the communication between users and evaluators was the main focus. In this dissertation, culture was regarded as cognitive styles and communication orientations. For the theories of thinking aloud, both Ericsson and Simon’s classic model, and Boren and Ramey’s revised model for usability testing were taken into account. Based on the culture theories and thinking aloud models, hypotheses were developed to investigate the evaluators’ identified usability problems in different cultural settings, and themes were put forward to investigate the evaluators’ and users’ communications. In order to investigate the hypotheses and themes, an experimental study was conducted. The experimental design consisted of four independent groups with evaluators and users from similar or different cultures (Danish and Chinese). Empirical data were collected by using background questionnaires, usability problem forms, usability problem lists, video recordings of the testing and interviews. The usability testing software “Morae” was used to record the whole testing, including the faces of the evaluators and users, the screen and keyboard activities. Evaluators’ and users’ communications were analyzed by the behavioural coding and analysis software “Observer XT 8.0” with a well defined coding system. The results of the systematic study of the thinking aloud usability testing in the context of the intra- and inter-cultural usability engineering show that the evaluators’ cultural backgrounds do have some influences on the usability testing; however, the influences are different for the tests with Western and East Asian users. The main findings of this research have implications for both usability research and practice. The methodological approach also gives inspiration for usability evaluation studies URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8167 Filer i denne post: 2
Ny_version_Qingxin_Shi.pdf (4.021Mb)Qingxin_Shi.pdf (5.203Mb)