Browsing Departments by Title
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voluntary versus mandatory approachesChudnovsky, Daniel; López, Andrés (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
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Abstract: In security, as in other areas, the emergence of transnational private organizations with a central role in governance poses profound challenges to established conceptions of international politics and democracy. This paper discusses one side of this challenge by looking at accountability of private security companies (PSCs). PSCs have become authorities in their own right in the security sphere. This has raised the question of their accountability and also resulted in considerable efforts to improve the accountability of the firms. This paper looks at why these efforts bear so little fruit. It begins by pointing to the tension involved in any effort to hold an authority (private or public) accountable, namely the tension between the centrality of acceptance for authority and accountability measures that necessarily involve contestation. It then proceeds to analyse this tension in the case of PSCs. The paper argues that PSCs’ status as experts on risk and entrepreneurs of security mobilizes a favourable bias, making contestation less likely. The difficulty of seeing and/or admitting that PSCs are independent actors in turn makes contestation of their activities seem ill-directed and unnecessary. The point made in this paper that this, rather than sheer complexity or hidden political agendas, is key for understanding the present rather puzzling lack of (democratic) accountability of PSCs and its likely continuation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6985 Files in this item: 1
leander_isa07_woc-wp89.pdf (174.0Kb) -
Duguid, Paul (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Sørensen, Morten (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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Blomgren-Hansen, Niels; Møllgaard, H. Peter (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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Hardt, Daniel; Elming, Jakob (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A method is presented for incremental retraining of an SMT system, in which a local phrase table is created and incrementally updated as a file is translated and post-edited. It is shown that translation data from within the same file has higher value than other domain-specific data. In two technical domains, within-file data increases BLEU score by several full points. Furthermore, a strong recency effect is documented; nearby data within the file has greater value than more distant data. It is also shown that the value of translation data is strongly correlated with a metric defined over new occurrences of ngrams. Finally, it is argued that the incremental re-training prototype could serve as the basis for a practical system which could be interactively updated in real time in a post-editing setting. Based on the results here, such an interactive system has the potential to dramatically improve translation quality. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8272 Files in this item: 1
Hardt_Elming.pdf (201.1Kb) -
Lessons from Special Education in FinlandSabel, Charles; Saxenian, AnnaLee; Miettinen, Reijo; Hull Kristensen, Peer; Hautamäki, Jarkko (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8206 Files in this item: 1
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En case-samlingHelbo, Martin; Jakobsen, Jesper; Gammelgaard, Britta (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Dette working paper er en samling af case beskrivelser angående indkøbspraksisser i Danmark. Case-dataene er indsamlede i efteråret 2003 og foråret 2004. Alle beskrivelser er validerede af de deltagende virksomheder. I den oprindelige undersøgelse var 10 virksomheder repræsenterede, men én af case-virksomhederne valgte desværre at trække sig ud af undersøgelsen på grund af meget store ændringer i virksomhedens grundlag. Dette ændrer dog ikke det samlede billede af, at indkøbspraksisserne i virksomhederne er i opbrud. Indkøbet bliver i stadig stigende grad opfattet som en vigtig brik til strømlining af forsyningskæden "upstream" mod råvareleverandørerne. En egentlig case-analyse vil kunne findes i kommende publikationer af de tre forfattere. Case beskrivelserne er en vigtig del af datagrundlaget i projektet "Indkøbspraksisser i et SCMperspektiv", der er finansieret af Center for Underleverandører i Herning. Dataene er hovedsagelig tilvejebragt via interviews med indkøbsansvarlige i de pågældende case-virksomheder. I den forbindelse vil vi gerne rette en stor tak til de personer og virksomheder, der velvilligt har stillet sig til rådighed med indsigt i de processer, der strukturerer dagens indkøb. Når vi har valgt at udgive beskrivelserne i et working paper og ikke blot lade dem samle støv i en skuffe som datagrundlag for videnskabelige publikationer, er det fordi, vi håber, at beskrivelserne kan inspirere andre end os selv, eksempelvis virksomheder og nuværende og kommende studerende med interesse i indkøbspraksisser. Nøgleord: sourcing, indkøb, underleverandører, segmentering af indkøb URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6290 Files in this item: 1
wp2004-03.pdf (394.2Kb) -
Cumberland, Flemming (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Udgangspunktet for dette working paper vil være en række teoriområder, som er valgt ud fra den opfattelse, at de er centrale repræsentanter for udviklingen indenfor det erhvervsøkonomiske genstandsområde – med såvel aktuel som potentiel værdi for overvejelser og beslutninger vedrørende indtrængning på internationale markeder. Udviklingen i de udvalgte teoriområder vil have form af en kronologisk redegørelse, hvor der fokuseres på deres forudsætninger, indhold og anvendelse samt potentielle relevans og betydning for indtrængningsproblematikken. Dette giver mulighed for at arbejde med teorierne på metaplan samtidigt med, at forskningen kan vurderes i forhold til K.B. Madsens almene metateori, Karl Poppers falsifikationsprincip, Imre Lakatos’ forskningsprogrammer samt Thomas Kuhns paradigme-begreb. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6661 Files in this item: 1
working paper 2005-001.pdf (424.6Kb) -
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Abstract: Based on diverse research methods, we trace and map industrial economics research in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the periode of 1880 to 1908. After describing this research in terms of key contributors, we argue that industrial economics developed rather unevenly in the Scandinavian countries. Danish research was mainly theoretical and strongly oriented towards the international context, whereas Norwegian research was largely industry analysis with a strong leaning towards managerial economics. Swedish research in industrial economics is very scant until the end of the 1960s. JEL Code: B1, B2, B3, D2, D4, L1, L2, L4 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7539 Files in this item: 1
wpec182004.pdf (1.490Mb) -
Skov, Lise (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Analyser af industrialisme byggede indtil for tyve-tredive år siden på en narrativ figur – ’fra håndværk til industri’. I vores postindustrielle samfund hvor butikkerne ligger tæt, og der er langt til fabrikkerne, må denne analysefigur suppleres med et nyt slutpunkt, så den forløber ’fra håndværk til industri til globaliseret industrinetværk’. Der er opstået et nyt grundlag for en globaliseret industrikultur baseret på en voksende afstand mellem produktion og forbrug. I denne artikel analyseres den danske og europæiske pelsbranche ud fra denne tre-punktsfigur. Pels har aldrig været et skoleeksempel på industrialismens udviklingsparadigme. På grund af pelsbranchens særlige materielle udfordringer – hvert skind er unikt, og det kræver en stor viden at bearbejde det – har det været svært for branchen at følge med industriudviklingen og høste de stordriftsfordele, som andre brancher gjorde i efterkrigstiden. Den fortsatte næsten håndværksmæssige organisering satte branchen så meget udenfor modens og industriens netværk, at den ikke havde mange venner tilbage, da dyrerettighedsbevægelsen i 1980erne lancerede en række anti-pelskampagner. Under efterfølgende krise og omstrukturering er branchens organisation blevet ændret, således at pelsbeklædningsproduktion i dag er koncentreret i Kina, mens distribution og salg er knyttet til internationale designermærker. Denne del af branchens strategiske repositionering kan i høj grad tilskrives markedsføringsorganisationen Saga, der er finansieret af de nordiske pelsdyravlere og beliggende i Danmark. Denne artikels overordnede argumentation er, at denne omstrukturering sammen med den voksende interesse for etik og forbrugerpolitik har været den afgørende forudsætning for pelsens tilbagevenden i modebilledet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7794 Files in this item: 1
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An interpretation of the bicycle industryMikkola, Juliana Hsuan (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper aims at describing network dynamics through the lenses of modularity. Different types of networks exist as ways of coping with the dynamics of industry demands that are based on modular product architectures. In order to distinguish between different types of mechanisms in which networks (operating with modular product architectures may) evolve, two types of networks are introduced: ‘marketdriven product architecture network’ (i.e., when the industrial network is driven by product architecture that is controlled by the market) and ‘firm-driven product architecture network’ (when the industrial network is driven by product architecture that is controlled by the firm). The history of the technological development of bicycle, since 1890s to 1990s, illustrates how the bicycle industry survived two cycles of disaggregation-concentration. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6286 Files in this item: 1
linkwp02-11.pdf (263.9Kb) -
Minbaeva, Dana; Park, Chansoo; Vertinsky, Ilan (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the influence of knowledge senders’ willingness to share knowledge, their disseminative capacities and the knowledge-transfer opportunities they create on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. We develop a theoretical framework that examines the impacts of key knowledge-senders’ abilities and behaviors on the knowledge-transfer process. We test our theory using survey data collected from 199 South Korean IJVs. We find that the willingness of foreign parent firms to share knowledge is manifested in their efforts to increase their abilities to articulate and codify knowledge, and to apply those skills to the codification of knowledge relevant to their IJVs. A willingness to share knowledge also plays a role in increasing the opportunities for two-way interactions, especially face-to-face interactions between the parents and their IJVs. The impact of the abilities of foreign parent firms to articulate and codify knowledge for transfer is mediated by the efficacy of their organizational communication systems. We also find that the opportunities created for the transfer of explicit knowledge have a significant impact on such transfers. However, opportunities for transfer of tacit knowledge only have an impact when senders and receivers have similar products and technologies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8625 Files in this item: 1
Minbaeva_Park_Vertinsky_SMGWP2013_2.pdf (991.3Kb) -
a crucial capability for value creation in the network economyFoss, Nicolai Juul (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Kolm, Ann-Sofie; Larsen, Birthe (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper develops a four sector equilibrium search and matching model with informal sector employment opportunities and educational choice. We show that underground activities reduce educational at- tainments if informal employment opportunities mainly are available to low educated workers. More zealous enforcement policy will in this case improve educational incentives as it reduces the attractiveness of remaining a low educated worker. Characterizing the optimal enforce- ment policies, we nd that relatively more audits should be targeted towards the sector employing low educated workers, elsewise a too low stock of educated workers is materialized. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8328 Files in this item: 1
Kolm_Larsen_WP_2-2011.pdf (309.1Kb) -
Understanding Romance and Germanic Compounding in a Lexico-typological PerspectiveMüller, Henrik Høeg (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The title of my talk is “Informational balance. Understanding Romance and Germanic Compounding in a lexico-typological perspective”. What I basically mean by informational balance is that semantic content is distributed systematically differently between nouns and verbs in the Romance and Germanic languages, and that this distribution is complementary. I shall explain that in detail in a minute, but first I shall introduce you to the problem, which I believe can be explained on the basis of this idea about “informational balance”. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8281 Files in this item: 1
Full Paper Berlin (sep 2010).pdf (110.5Kb) -
Bennedsen, Morten; Feldmann, Sven E. (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Juel Henrichsen, Peter (, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Modern hearing aids use a variety of advanced digital signal processing methods in order to improve speech intelligibility. These methods are based on knowledge about the acoustics outside the ear as well as psychoacoustics. We present a novel observation based on the fact that acoustic prominence is not equal to information prominence for time intervals at the syllabic and sub-syllabic levels. The idea is that speech elements with a high degree of information can be robustly identified based on basic acoustic properties. We evaluated the correlation of (information rich) content words in the DanPASS corpus with fundamental frequency (F0) and spectral tilt across four frequency bands. Our results show a correlation of certain band-level differences and the presence of content words. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, a correlation between F0 and the presence of content words was found. The principle described here has the potential to improve the “information-to-noise” ratio in hearing aids. In addition, this concept may also be applicable in automatic speech recognition systems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8411 Files in this item: 1
Peter_Juel_Henrichsen_ISAAR2011.pdf (296.9Kb) -
A multi-method inquiry on online communitiesKorfiatis, Nikolaos Theodoros (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation studies the behavioral characteristics of participants engaged in information exchange in the context of online communities. Online communities are defined as collectives of individuals that use computer mediated communication to facilitate interaction over a shared purpose and/or objective. It is argued that this interaction creates externalities, for example, in the form of codified information that others can use through web search tools. These externalities assemble a virtual form of social capital, a commonly shared resource. The research objective of this thesis is to examine how the behavioral tendencies of the participants in online communities are affected by the way this common resource is formatted, administered and shared. The dissertation consists of two parts: a theoretical part where the empirical background and the object of research inquiry is highlighted, and an empirical part which consists of four empirical studies carried out in the context of three online communities, namely, Google Answers, Yahoo!Answers and Amazon Online Reviews. The empirical part of this dissertation starts with a controlled experiment emulating a well known social dilemma: the public goods game. It provides substance as to whether and when participants in online communities behave (un) cooperatively. The next two studies focus on a special case of online communities where participants ask questions and other participants post answers conditionally on social and monetary incentives. The results of these two studies confirm that community participants do care about the contributions of others and engage in incentive compatible behavior. Yahoo!Answers participants exercise effort in the community by posting answers to questions conditionally on benefits provided by other participants. The empirical findings show that contributing participants in an online community receive answers faster, while those that do not contribute much effort are sanctioned in the form of longer response-time to their questions. In Google Answers this thesis, interactions can be observed that are based on monetary rewards (rather than social rewards in the form of a reputation index as in Yahoo Answers). Participants make use of voluntarily awarded payoffs (tips) along with stated rewards, in order to motivate those that provide answers (answerers) to provide better quality in their responses. The findings of this study confirm the symmetric effect between monetary rewards and quality. However, this study also identifies cases where social norms have a significant effect on response behavior. When participants seek to get better service with less effort (in terms of total cost), a reputation index which is constructed by the history of their previous interactions supports such an attempt. In other words, reputation history influences information sharing behavior in online communities. The last chapter of the empirical part focuses on another crucial aspect of information as a shared resource: Clarity and understandability. The study examines online product reviews on Amazon.com. The results suggest that participants do care about the clarity of this codified form of experience which increases a helpfulness index accordingly. The thesis overall finds symmetric effects between participation in online communities and output of interaction, but also identifies the ability of the participants to interact strategically as they seek to minimize the effort they provide in order to find the information they seek. The results underline the importance of signaling and quality evaluation mechanisms as counter-balancing control that can enhance activity on online communities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7797 Files in this item: 1
Nikolaos_Theodoros_Korfiatis.pdf (3.777Mb) -
Overgaard, Per Baltzer; Møllgaard, Peter (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the economics literature, various views on the likely (efficiency) effects of information exchange, communication between firms and market transparency present themselves. Often these views on information flows are highly conflicting. On the one hand, it is argued that increased information dissemination improves firm planning to the benefit of society (including customers) and/or allows potential customers to make the right decisions given their preferences. On the other hand, the literature also suggests that increased information dissemination can have significant coordinating or collusive potential to the benefit of firms but at the expense of society at large (mainly, potential customers). In this chapter, we try to make sense of these views, with the aim of presenting some simple lessons for antitrust practice. In addition, the chapter presents some cases, from both sides of the Atlantic, where informational issues have played a significant role. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7533 Files in this item: 1
wp13-2005.pdf (321.1Kb)