Browsing Departments by Author "Lund, Lars"
Now showing items 1-13 of 13
-
[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Participation rate on the Greenland labour market: situation of year 2000 A goal is that a large part of the population of normal working age is employed. The participation rate is one of the statistics used to describe the performance of the economy in this respect. Two sources are used to arrive at an estimate of the rate both for Greenland in general and for four regions defined by four so called growth towns: Nuuk, Sisimiut, Ilulissat and Qaqortoq. They are Statistic Greenland’s publications on employment and on unemployment. There are some difficulties using the available data: the employment and unemployment surveys refer to periods whereas the potential workforce is counted at a date. Furthermore persons with yearly income below an arbitrary limit of 40.000 DKK are sorted out even though they should contribute to the number of full year employed. The participation rate is found to be much higher in Nuuk than in the other regions. For Greenland as such the number is in line with figures for Western Europe and North America. Characteristics of people not in the work force are looked for. To some extent a connection exists to the number people receiving pension as disabled, people in education, and those on leave because of childbirth, but the relation is imperfect and great differences are seen between regions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7604 Files in this item: 1
-
Lund, Lars (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper defines a base model of the airborne passenger traffic to and in Greenland showing the number of passengers on every non-stop connection. The type of airplane is defined for each route, and that determines the flying time. The number of connections and capacity utilization are fixed with due regard to the timetable of Air Greenland and the density of traffic on each route. Assumptions as to the cost per hour as a function of the duration of the flight are made for each aircraft. Applying this to different investment scenarios for airports and landing strips an index for the costs of supply of air traffic is found. Using this index the supplier’s cost savings in the scenarios are found as a percentage of the relevant sale. A number of reports from recent years have information about the necessary investments in the scenarios, and matching these with the changes in costs permits the calculation of present values for the different projects. Apart from direct savings there are derived benefits in some of the scenarios the most prominent being the possibility to abandon Kangerlussuaq. The calculations include these indirect effects. Two scenarios have high present values: the use of Keflavik as hub, and the construction of a new airport with a 3000 meter runway south of Nuuk: two rather different scenarios, the first dominated by current savings, and the second dependent on a large fixed investment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7526 Files in this item: 1
wp1-2005.pdf (978.5Kb) -
befolkning, arbejdsstyrke, beskæftigelse, erhvervLund, Lars (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
-
priser og realindkomstLund, Lars (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Real income on Bornholm is described by comparing the region with the capital area and the country. Region specific prices are constructed for housing expenditure and for services. Weights for these parts of household budgets and the residual are found from panel surveys of household consumption. Relative prices of the consumption bundle for each year in the period 1987 to 1996 are found for both those who own there dwelling and those who rent it. Median incomes for entrepreneurs, employees and workers are constructed. Combining data on incomes and on relative prices gives estimates of real incomes. The result is that households of employed persons are relatively rich on Bornholm during the period. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7609 Files in this item: 1
1999_7.pdf (233.2Kb) -
Lund, Lars (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
-
arbejdsmarkedet på Bornholm 1987 til 1996Lund, Lars (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
-
Lund, Lars (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A new local government structure is announced for Greenland from 2009. If the reform is carried through, Nanortalik the most southerly town will come together with Qaqortoq, then the new centre, and Narsaq. A suggestion by the mayor of Nanortalik about the number of civil servants that should move to the centre is the basis for calculating the potential loss of gross income (wages and profits) in the first years of the reform. With the civil servants follow some adults and children. On top of the direct loss of income come derived losses determined by a multiplier process. The size of the multiplier is estimated to be around 1,25. This is based on assumptions about income levels, expenditure patterns, and local income parts of sales. Full implementation of the reform could mean a loss of 5 plus percent of gross income. If other probable losses (e.g. fewer elected members of the local authority) are added in, the loss could rise to more than 7 percent. Tax rates are assumed not to be lowered by the departure of civil servants to the centre. To the contrary an increase in the tax rate for Nanortalik is envisaged as this small town in these years enjoys an advantage from taxing local people and foreign skilled workers operating a nearby gold mine. It is stressed that the paper doesn’t evaluate the proposal for a reform, neither for the South of Greenland nor for Greenland as a whole. It is about possible very short term local effects URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7521 Files in this item: 1
wp3-2006.pdf (346.9Kb) -
Lund, Lars (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
-
Lund, Lars (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The Greenland infrastructure for the airborne traffic uses Kangerlussuaq, Søndre Strømfjord, as hub. New scenarios may change that, and one possibility is the construction of a large airport at Nuuk with a 3000 m runway. The trunk line will then be between Copenhagen and Nuuk. In that case the village Kangerlussuaq will be abandoned. The paper analyses the size of the economic gain to Greenland of such a change. Using official statistics and information collected for the investigation a description is made of the employment structure and the income earned in the trades represented in Kangerlussuaq. It is then discussed to which extent people do tasks that will still be needed with the new structure and to which extent they will be set free to go into alternative production. The last possibility is regarded as a saving or as an increase in resources for Greenland, and the estimate is that this gain will amount to around 40 percent of the contribution to GDP in Kangerlussuaq. The saving is modified a little by the need of some new investments in Nuuk, mostly for housing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7507 Files in this item: 1
wp1-2006.pdf (395.9Kb) -
Lund, Lars (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Abstract: The balance of payments of Greenland has special features due to an important current transfer, bloktilskud, from Denmark. The trade balance does not exhibit a deficit of this order of magnitude but comparison of the bloktilskud and the deficit is difficult as official figures are available for the merchandise trade only. Figures for services are missing. However, guesses about the size of a deficit in the services’ trade do not easily discard the impression of a large surplus on the current account. Over a ten year period it is suggested that accumulated surpluses could be twice the level of Greenland’s GDP. This seems unlikely, but the available data raise a puzzle that ought to be addressed as it nourishes suspicion of unobserved accumulation of wealth. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7550 Files in this item: 1
wpec052003.pdf (304.0Kb) -
Med særligt henblik på grønlandske forholdLund, Lars (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Resource rents and models for taxation of these rents. Some references to the situation for Greenland. After a general introduction to the concept of rents the risk of distortion by double taxation of the normal capital income to investment is explained. Cash flow taxation or deduction in the tax base of investment times the risk free interest rate can be used to avoid this double taxation. Among other instruments to secure a part of rents for the public sector are direct participation and selling rights to exploit the resources by auction. The greater part of the paper is about taxation of rents in fisheries. The regulation is assumed to be based on professional advising and individual transferable quotas. Duties on the quota or a general cost increasing tariff, e. g. on fuel, are administratively simple models for taxation. Cost increasing indirect taxation has the good quality of incentive compatibility, as it supports the effort reducing aim of regulation. A concrete example illustrates a possible taxation of the prawn/shrimp fishery combining a duty on the quota with a tariff levied on the catch. Some comment are given on a recent report on the shrimp fishery (2005), and it is criticised for highlighting the theoretical qualities of Greenland’s fisheries policy, but neglecting the regulation and also to which extent incomes derived from quotas end up as income for Greenlandic households. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7559 Files in this item: 1
wp1-2007_rev.pdf (305.6Kb) -
Lund, Lars (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The focus is effects of investments in airports and runways on the market for air travel and more in general for the production possibilities of the economy. In the case of Greenland two types of impacts can be sorted out. One is more efficient production of air transport due to increased density in the utilization of the net because of no use or less use of the airport in Kangerlussuaq. The other effect, connected to the first, is that resources are set free by avoidance of double work receiving the same passengers (and goods) in Kangerlussuaq and especially in Nuuk. Transformation curves are used to illustrate both effects and the first is dealt with also in an ordinary price quantity diagram. Using previous calculations and estimates done by the author two specific scenarios are treated in the theoretical framework presented: one is a lengthening of the runway in Nuuk to 1799 m and less intensive use of Kangerlussuaq, the other is the building of an airport south of Nuuk with a 3000 m runway in combination with abandoning Kangerlussuaq. Profitability and amortisation of the investments are reviewed in transformation curve diagrams. On the assumptions of the calculations both scenarios are profitable, but by far the most profitable is the big investment south of Nuuk. Concluding remarks stress the preliminary character of my calculations, but they also point out that decision makers’ choice of scenarios to be discussed and compared is unstable. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7500 Files in this item: 1
wp8-2005-1.pdf (155.3Kb) -
Lund, Lars (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Processing ashore of raw materials from the fisheries tend intuitively to recommend itself because more creation of value added in this manner should take place in Greenland. However, we observe the opposite tendency: production is shifted aboard on factory trawlers and catches are shipped directly to export markets or may be so after transshipping in e.g. Nuuk. It is shown that this actual development indeed is the prediction of location economics. In the case of unemployment it may be optimal to secure raw materials for processing on plants ashore, an aim that may be achieved via subsidies. The optimality of such policy is discussed using concepts from cost benefit analysis, and it is demonstrated how the shadow price of labor has a crucial role. Shifting to the macro level capacity restrictions on plants and on the labor market are pointed out. The effect of taking raw material ashore is illustrated with a macro production function, which is assumed to have a positive marginal product until the capacity limit is hit. This, however, may take place after the noninflationary augmenting level of employment has been reached. Finally the possibility of alternative and better policies than the one relying on subsidies is touched upon. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7570 Files in this item: 1
wpec012004.pdf (323.5Kb)
Now showing items 1-13 of 13