Browsing Department of Informatics (INF) by Year Published
Now showing items 1-20 of 114
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Yonatany, Moshe (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this study is elaborating the current understanding of a relatively new phenomenon: the internationalization process of digital service providers. It deploys a multiple case study methodology. Based on the case analyses and the discovery of new insights this study proposes a conceptual framework attempting at elaborating existing International Business theory. The analytical process of this study begins with explaining its context and developing definitions that are necessary for the purpose of data collection and case construction. Next, selected International Business theories and concepts are reviewed and contextualized propositions are developed. Following a detailed presentation of the case studies, the propositions are analyzed through per-case analyses. This analysis is coupled with a theory development exercise (which is presented in subsequent distinct sections). Here, unique findings of each case are analyzed in sequential per-case analyses in order to identify emerging patterns. Rudimentary concepts, which are grounded in the case findings, are proposed through the cross case analysis. In addition, the analysis of the propositions is summarized at this stage. Subsequently, a conceptual framework is proposed. To provide foundations for the framework, the proposed constructs are defined and explored more deeply, also through collecting additional data and integrating additional external literature. The conceptual framework is presented in the form of testable hypotheses. Finally, implications for International Business theory are drawn from the analyses and the conceptual framework. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8309 Files in this item: 1
Moshe_Yonatany_Abstrakt.pdf (871.1Kb) -
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The Indian Innovative Journey, Reflections and ChallengesSudhanshu, Rai (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper I present a framework of innovation and then use the framework on interview data collected to reflect and gain insight on the status of ICT Innovation using India as a case. The central question I pose in this paper is how ICT Innovativeness can be articulated. In this paper I argue that innovativeness is a dynamic concept distinct from notions of R&D, although elements of innovativeness determine the outcome of successful R&D but a successful R&D does not necessarily imply that the is innovative. We make distinction between R&D and innovation, using the distinction we demonstrate how the dynamic nature of innovation needs to be understood distinctly different from R&D, I propose that R&D is a institutional arrangement while innovativness is a contextual phenomena being determined by factors both inside and outside the business entity. I conclude this paper with a framework for understanding the dynamic nature of ICT Innovativeness, I use data from India to reflect on the research question. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8258 Files in this item: 1
Sudhanshu_Working Paper 2.pdf (129.6Kb) -
A Case Study of Indian FirmsSudhanshu, Rai (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper I ask the basic question highlighted in the title, how does innovative potential and collaborative capacity contribute to a firm’s innovativeness? To address this central question I draw on innovative potential and collaborative capacity as a dynamic notion evaluates the data from India. This paper tries to create a framework creating a sustainable environment for ICT Innovation. To do that I argue that innovative potential and collaborative capacity provide a constellation of inputs to the firm to address both internal and external challenges. For instance while innovative potential works at a project or an individual level while collaborative capacity is seen to work at a firm or perhaps at the inter firm level. This does not mean IP acts only at the locus stated. I conjecture that IP/CC interact with each other at defferent levels, where each takes turn in driving the process of ICT Innovation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8261 Files in this item: 1
Sudhanshu_Working Paper 6.pdf (442.0Kb) -
Madsen, Dorte (, 2010)[More information][Less information]
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Politikernes og forvaltningens medkonstruktion og konsekvenserne herafSecher, Christine (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis is about how different e-participation user groups co-construct technology through the use in practice. It is studied how technology is used on a municipality level for citizen-communication and -participation with an online debate forum as a case in point. Users of online debates are citizens, politicians and the administration. In this thesis, I have chosen to focus on how politicians and the administration use online debates. I show how politicians and the administration participate in very distinct ways on the debate forum and thereby create specific forms of citizen communication and participation. Everybody can participate in the online debate as long as they give up their name and email. Periodically, citizens write quite a lot of contributions on the debate forum. But politicians’ and the administration’s perception of what is happening on the debate influence which role the citizens’s contributions will have for the politicians and administration, as well as forms of interaction between users. In this thesis, I argue that the users’ (politicians’s and administration’s) sensemaking about online debates as well as the mediation of the use of online debates have a crucial influence on which types of practice of online debate can develop. Online debate is perceived as an equivocal technology in the sense that the use of the technology is not clear cut but a result of the user’s sensemaking about the technology and thereby the sensemaking about possible acts and interactions with the technology and other users. Sensemaking is the primary theoretical frame with a special focus on situation-specific cue-frame-relations. The Municipality of Odder is the case and a unique one with its 11 years of experience within municipally facilitated online debate. The empirical data are contributions written from September 3rd, 2005 to April 15, 2008 (a total of 1983 contributions), 17 semi-structured interviews of ½-1½ hours length with administration and politicians in the municipality as well as different written documents from the municipality. In this thesis I show that politicians and administration act as users of the online debate in four different ways: Political candidate, councilor, administrator and mediator. The political candidate run for the municipal election and is only present in the debate the last three months before the election. The political candidate see online debates as a good opportunity to make him/herself visible to voters and competing candidates, and therefore (s)he writes a lot of contributions during this period. The political candidate rarely answers ordinary citizen’s contributions but instead decides to write new contributions or answer contributions started by competitors. The political candidate rarely gets involved in real discussions on the debate but instead choose to give his/her visions for the future of the Municipality of Odder. The councilor see the debate as the citizen’s opportunity to voice their meaning and therefore rarely participate in the debate, as this could have a negative effect on citizens motivation to write on the debate. The councilor reads the citizens’ contributions and once in a while the contributions act as input for internal council discussions. When the contribution reflect misunderstanding and when it is not only a few citizens who share the misunderstanding, the councilor chooses to write a report for the debate. It is usually the relevant committee chairman or equivalent who writes the contribution. The administrator believes that the majority of the contributions on the debate are political and therefore (s)he should not participate in the debate. The administrator sees citizens and business as partners. It is groups of professionals, which cover associations, organizations etc. and does not necessarily, see the individual citizen as a key stakeholder. The groups of professionals use other media, such as mails and letters, in their communication with the administration, as their input is often long reports and technical judgments. The administrator chooses only to answer factual misunderstandings in ongoing processes or more general issues in the municipality. The mediator, which is a role only a small part of the administration acts in, generally works with the implementing and forming the use of technology in the municipality. (S)he sees ICT as a way of increasing openness and effectiveness in the municipality. Online debates is a solution which the mediator believes especially increases openness and (s)he works with the aim of ensuring a continued debate. The mediator focuses on maximizing the number of contributions, on making it easy to participate and to make it possible to discuss anything, which is why the debate is in no editor or guided use of the debate. The result is that the individual user – political candidate, councilor and administrator – mediate the use of the debate and develop filters for their own and others’ ability to act on the online debate. That politicians and administration appear in these four roles in relation to online debate problematic several aspects of the use of e-participation practices in a municipal context. One aspect is that the four roles develop different practices for the use of the debate which function parallel on the debate without the development of a common practice. A second aspect is that a mediator role is established. An actor who mediates the interaction between citizen and politician, and thereby an actor who has a high degree of importance for what online debating becomes in practice. A third aspect is that the administration takes the mediating role and becomes a political advisor or an administrator of political decisions. A shift which neither the politicians nor the administrator are aware of. At the same time, the way the technology is mediated creates both synergy and conflict between the councilor, the political candidate and the administrator. Synergy and conflict which primarily can be related to the focus of the mediator on the increased use of the technology and the missing focus on contextualization of the online debate. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8000 Files in this item: 1
christine_secher.pdf (6.411Mb) -
A Delphi StudySudhanshu, Rai (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Though this paper is in a very preliminary stage, I use the data gathered using the Delphi process to discuss some policy instruments that could be of use for emerging economies to create an environment of innovation. I acknowledge fiscal instruments to be an important driver but I choose not to focus on fiscal enablers of innovation rather focusing on how the lack of fiscal incentives can help create a sustainable environment for innovation. I use the early Indian experience and contrast it with later fiscal activism shown by the government to illustrate that perhaps the government need to focus on the supply side of knowledge and let the demand for knowledge and innovation be led by the firms at the local level. I argue this strategy to be the most sustainable in the long run. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8259 Files in this item: 1
Sudhanshu_Working Paper 2.pdf (129.6Kb) -
Insights from the ICT industry in IndiaSudhanshu, Rai (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper I discuss innovative potential at a firm level using information system literature and broadening my review to R&D literature as well. This review enables me to develop a theoretical frame of what researchers have indicated to be innovative potential or capacity at the firm level. While the information system literature does refer to a firms innovative potential as a dynamic phenomena, thus the inception of this phenomena is rooted through the R&D literature, which is helpful but in itself has a weakness. In relying on the R&D perspective to explain innovative potential of a firm information system researchers have stuck to the static notion of innovation while talking about innovative potential (IP) as a dynamic process. This paper redresses that imbalance as it tries to formulate a theory of IP that in my opinion better explains IT innovation at the firm level from a dynamic perspective in its conception, operation and instantiation. I conclude this paper with insights on what I call the dynamic IP threshold arguing that being dynamic cannot be seen as a point in time but a threshold existing over time. I then discuss some implications. I suggest that firms need to consider IP as a long term investment not only in human capital but in the way the human capital is allowed to engage with new ideas. I suggest IP can be build using institutional logics that enable openness and collegiality. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8257 Files in this item: 1
Sudhanshu_Working Paper 4.pdf (215.2Kb) -
Madsen, Dorte (, 2010)[More information][Less information]
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Rai, Sudhanshu; Kuhn Pedersen, Mogens (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
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Proccedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Intercultural Collaboration (ICIS), 19-20 August 2010, Copenhagen, DenmarkClemmensen, Torkil (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper draws from Frederic Bartlett's notion that aspects of culture may influence the development of science and technology. Combining additional works from Bloor and research from cultural psychology, we discuss several case (historical and contemporary) studies that illustrate how culture and human-computer interaction are interrelated. These results illustrate how usability problems are tied with global cultures. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8234 Files in this item: 1
p219.pdf (411.6Kb) -
Busquets, Javier (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis is about innovation and power. Human nature has always been expressed by our capacity to innovate and adapt to almost any environment (Bowlby, 1962; Giddens, 1991). In the 20th century, the primary function of business organisations was to invent, produce and commercialise their products and services in different markets. As a matter of fact, business organisations in the last century proved to be the best way of disseminating innovation (Schön, 1971). Currently in the 21st century, there is a call to better understand how new ideas, technology and sources of knowledge are managed, based on the premise that novelty can unfold anywhere and that innovation cannot be considered a linear process consisting of a chain of activities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8164 Files in this item: 1
Javier_Busquets.pdf (3.025Mb) -
Insights from IndiaSudhanshu, Rai (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper my endeavor is to explore the meaning and implication of collaberation within a dynamic frame which I refer to a capacity. First I review the collaboration literature from an innovation perspective and then develop a framework that enables me to engage with the data we collected during the Euro-India Innovation Mapping project funded by the European Union under the FP-7 program. The idea is to refine theory and contribute to a better understanding of collaborative as a capacity firms can build creating the environment of collaboration both within and outside. I conclude this paper discussing the new insight on collaborative capacity (CC) of firms and their implications for ICT collaboration and firm innovativness. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8260 Files in this item: 1
Sudhanshu_Working Paper 5.pdf (656.2Kb) -
The Evolution of the Indian IT IndustrySudhanshu, Rai (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this article I discuss the Indian outsourcing phenomena and ask the question now what? Using data from the Euro-India project I demonstrate that a small but significant part of the Indian IT entities are moving beyond outsourcing, to co-creation where Innovation and the desire to create new markets is the key driver. This does not imply that outsourcing will disappear but it does mean that firms will engage in globalization using innovative mix of business models and technical platforms. We discuss the implication of this slow transformation to co-creation of innovation for the global outsourcing industry. The key thesis of this paper is to discuss co-creation as a form of innovation and how such a form of innovation is likely to bring Indian companies rich dividends. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8262 Files in this item: 1
Sudhanshu_Working Paper 7.pdf (69.65Kb) -
Shi, Qingxin (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Usability evaluation methods are widely used to assess and improve the user interface design. This dissertation investigates the thinking aloud usability testing from a cultural perspective. In a test situation, representative users are required to verbalize their thoughts as they perform their tasks while using the system, and an evaluator observes the user’s task performance and comes up with usability problems. The primary goal of a usability test is to find a list of usability problems. In this research, the impacts of evaluators’ and users’ cultural backgrounds on both the result and the process of the thinking aloud usability testing were investigated. Regarding the results of the usability testing, the identified usability problem was the main focus, whereas for the process of testing, the communication between users and evaluators was the main focus. In this dissertation, culture was regarded as cognitive styles and communication orientations. For the theories of thinking aloud, both Ericsson and Simon’s classic model, and Boren and Ramey’s revised model for usability testing were taken into account. Based on the culture theories and thinking aloud models, hypotheses were developed to investigate the evaluators’ identified usability problems in different cultural settings, and themes were put forward to investigate the evaluators’ and users’ communications. In order to investigate the hypotheses and themes, an experimental study was conducted. The experimental design consisted of four independent groups with evaluators and users from similar or different cultures (Danish and Chinese). Empirical data were collected by using background questionnaires, usability problem forms, usability problem lists, video recordings of the testing and interviews. The usability testing software “Morae” was used to record the whole testing, including the faces of the evaluators and users, the screen and keyboard activities. Evaluators’ and users’ communications were analyzed by the behavioural coding and analysis software “Observer XT 8.0” with a well defined coding system. The results of the systematic study of the thinking aloud usability testing in the context of the intra- and inter-cultural usability engineering show that the evaluators’ cultural backgrounds do have some influences on the usability testing; however, the influences are different for the tests with Western and East Asian users. The main findings of this research have implications for both usability research and practice. The methodological approach also gives inspiration for usability evaluation studies URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8167 Files in this item: 2
Ny_version_Qingxin_Shi.pdf (4.021Mb)Qingxin_Shi.pdf (5.203Mb) -
NordiCHI Workshop on Crisis management training: design and use of online worlds, Reykjavik, Iceland, 16 October 2010Clemmensen, Torkil; Ulslev Pedersen, Rasmus (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Internet- and sensor based ICT systems for climate management in greenhouses presents challenges for the understanding of how technology mediates the interaction between humans and specific work contexts, which is the topic of the field of Human Work Interaction Design (HWID). In this paper, we will analyze and discuss how to combine empirical work analysis with interaction design techniques, with a focus on sensor-based prototypes. The proposed method is action research that will use a combination of theory from usability, work analysis, and prototyping techniques. We wish to investigate possibilities for designing, using and evaluating interactive sensor based prototypes for designing systems, learning key skills, and enhancing current training methods, all of this in a work context. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8232 Files in this item: 1
Clemmensen__Pedersen_2010.pdf (130.2Kb) -
Rai, Sudhanshu; Kuhn Pedersen, Mogens (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
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Clemmensen, Torkil (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The cultural diversity of users of technology challenges our methods for usability evaluation. In this paper we report and compare three ethnographic interview studies of what is a part of a standard (typical) usability test in a company in Mumbai, Beijing and Copenhagen. At each of these three locations, we use structural and contrast questions do a taxonomic and paradigm analysis of a how a company performs a usability test. We find similar parts across the three locations. We also find different results for each location. In Mumbai, most parts of the usability test are not related to the interactive application that is tested, but to differences in user characteristics, test preparation, method, and location. In Copenhagen, considerations about the client´s needs are part of a usability test. In Beijing, the only varying factor is the communication pattern and relation to the user. These results are then contrasted in a cross cultural matrix to identify cultural themes that can help interpret results from existing laboratory research in usability test methods. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7950 Files in this item: 1
WP_2009_004.pdf (230.9Kb) -
Clemmensen, Torkil (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Interaction design and usability have become important contributors to economic and cultural development in emergent economies in today’s global distribution of the use and production of IT, but research and practice that incorporate cultural and non-western perspectives on software and interactive products are still in their infancy. This chapter presents theory of cultural cognitive styles and standard usability, and a framework for thinking about the maturity of cultural usability. The framework has five levels. Level I concerns the localization of the user interface, level II focuses on the localization of the usability evaluation methods, level III emerges with new user groups, level IV concerns historical changes in the concept of usability itself, and level V deals with managing a complexity of user groups. The chapter uses recent empirical results from studies of culture and usability to illustrate the need for the framework for thinking about the maturity of cultural usability. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7949 Files in this item: 1
WP_2009_002.pdf (1.486Mb) -
Clemmensen, Torkil; Roese, Kerstin (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the concept of human-computer interaction in cultural and national contexts. Building and extending upon the framework for understanding research in usability and culture by Honold [3], we give an overview of publications in culture and HCI between 1998 and 2008, with a narrow focus on high-level journal publications only. The purpose is to review current practice in how cultural HCI issues are studied, and to analyse problems with the measures and interpretation of this studies. We find that Hofstede’s cultural dimensions has been the dominating model of culture, participants have been picked because they could speak English, and most studies have been large scale quantitative studies. In order to balance this situation, we recommend that more researchers and practitioners do qualitative, empirical work studies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7948 Files in this item: 1
WP_2009_003.pdf (415.2Kb)
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