Browsing Working Papers (DBP) by Title
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Denmark and the United StatesCampbell, John L.; Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Despite high taxes, a large state budget and welfare state, much economic regulation, and a very open economy, Denmark continues to compete successfully against the other advanced capitalist economies. Hence, Denmark presents a paradox for neoliberalism, which predicts that these policies will hurt national competitiveness under conditions of economic globalization. Following the varieties of capitalism literature, this paper argues that Denmark’s success has been based in large part on its institutional competitiveness–its capacity to achieve socioeconomic success as a result of the competitive advantages that firms derive from operating within a particular set of political and economic institutions. The institutional basis for successfully coordinating labor markets, vocational training and skill formation programs, and industrial policy are examined for Denmark and the United States—two countries that are very different institutionally. The analysis shows that there is no one best way to achieve success in today’s global economy, except perhaps for reducing socioeconomic inequality; that the type of capitalism known as coordinated market economies are oversimplified in the literature; and that high taxes, state spending, and economic regulation can actually enhance socioeconomic performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7329 Files in this item: 1
institutional_comp_21.pdf (251.6Kb) -
Tiltrædelsesforelæsning 18.3.2005Lund, Anker Brink (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Jeg har valgt at benytte denne anledning til at introducere et nyt forskningsfelt, som CBS International Center for Business and Politics har prioriteret som et af sine fem indsatsområder. Vi kalder det "institutionel konkurrence på mediemarkedet" og signalerer derved nogle frontale opgør med traditionelle dogmer i dansk medieforskning: For det første ser vi medierne som et marked for meninger, varer og tjenesteydelser – ikke primært som en kulturel offentlighed med ensidig fokus på public service. For det andet betragter vi medievirksomhed i et samfundsvidenskabeligt ledelsesperspektiv – ikke primært i et journalistisk medarbejderperspektiv eller et ideologikritisk licensbetalerperspektiv.For det tredje betragter vi konkurrencen på mediemarkedet som et institutionelt fænomen – ikke alene som noget driftsøkonomisk betinget. Vi forsøger kort sagt at finde en tredje vej mellem økonomisk determinisme og politisk reguleringsoptimisme. Derved placeres medievirksomhed som en institutionaliseret praksis i skæringspunktet mellem marked og politik. Vi anerkender, at dagspresse, radio og tv i Danmark er vokset ud af en publicistisk tradition med vægt på idealer om ytringsfrihed, demokrati og folkeoplysning. Men vi understreger samtidig, at medievirksomheden world-wide er big business – og at det får stadig større betydning for dansk konkurrenceevne og erhvervsudvikling mere alment. Ikke kun som kanal for andres meninger, men som en politisk aktør og et potentielt erhvervslokomotiv i den såkaldte oplevelsesøkonomi. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7368 Files in this item: 1
institutionel_konkurrenceevne-1.pdf (524.6Kb) -
Institutionelt brud i den offentlige moderniseringspolitik? OPP og udlicitering i de danske kommunerHelby Petersen, Ole; Ring Christensen, Lasse (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Vi stiller os i dette paper kritisk spørgende til det nye i OPP og søger at belyse, om OPP markerer et institutionelt brud med det i dansk moderniseringspolitik velkendte begreb udlicitering. Vi giver svar gennem to del-analyser. Først sammenlignes nøgletal for danske kommuners brug af udlicitering og arbejde med OPP-modellen. Analysen viser, at OPP-arbejdet overvejende foregår i større kommuner med en gennemsnitlig økonomi og en ideologisk sammensætning på borgmesterposterne på linje med gennemsnittet i landets kommuner. Hvorimod kommuner med højt udliciteringsniveau oftest ledes af borgerlige borgmestre, så er OPP-kommunerne økonomisk og ideologisk på linje med gennemsnittet af landets kommuner. I anden delanalyse kigger vi på reguleringsrammen for brug af henholdsvis OPP og udlicitering. Det kommunale selvstyre og de årlige kommuneaftaler fungerer som en institutionel ramme omkring de reguleringstiltag, som regeringen har mulighed for at anvende. Fælles for reguleringen af kommunernes udlicitering og OPP ligger et bærende princip om metodefrihed i opgaveløsningen. Hvor grænserne for metodefriheden går, er dog ikke en fastlåst størrelse, men genstand for løbende forhandling mellem det statslige og kommunale niveau. Vi konkluderer, at OPP på centrale parametre ikke blot er en forlængelse af udlicitering, men en selvstændig og bemærkelsesværdig kontraktmodel, som er ved at institutionaliseres i de danske kommuner. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7788 Files in this item: 1
WP CBP 2009-63.pdf (128.2Kb) -
Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper examines the influence of European integration on the relationship between state administration and private interests in the four Nordic countries – Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. By private interests I mean interest organizations, private corporations and independent experts. The paper focuses exclusively on the national policy processes that are involved with managing European Union (EU) issues. More specifically, this paper discusses two aspects of multi-level governance. First is the important role of private interests in the coordination of decision making at the national level preceding their government’s representation of national interests in the European Council of Ministers and other EU organizations. Second is the effect of all this on national democratic systems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7346 Files in this item: 1
eu_integration2.pdf (180.0Kb) -
Campbell, John L.; Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Comparative political economy has been dominated since the 1970s by two waves of research. The first one examined how different types of policy-making regimes affect policy making and, in turn, national economic competitiveness (e.g., Katzenstein 1978). The second one studied how different types of production regimes affect national competitiveness (e.g., Hall and Soskice 2001). Absent from all of this is much discussion about knowledge regimes. Knowledge regimes are sets of actors, organizations, and institutions that produce and disseminate policy ideas that affect how policy-making and production regimes are organized and operate in the first place. Knowledge regimes are important because they contribute data, research, theories, policy recommendations, and other ideas that influence public policy and, thus, national economic competitiveness (Baab 2001; Campbell 1998; Pedersen 2006). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7352 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-48.pdf (176.0Kb) -
Campbelle, John L.; Pedersen, Ove K. (, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper develops the concept of knowledge regime and shows how knowledge regimes vary across the two most basic varieties of capitalism: liberal and coordinated market economies. The key questions motivating this paper are whether there are different types of knowledge regimes associated with different varieties of capitalism during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries; how they generate policy ideas; and how they disseminate these ideas to policy makers. Hence, this paper begins to fill an important blind spot in the comparative political economy and varieties of capitalism literatures. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7911 Files in this item: 1
WP CBP 2005-20.pdf (85.38Kb) -
Seabrooke, Leonard (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Who drives domestic institutional change in the face of international economic crisis? For rationalists the answer is powerful self-interested actors who struggle for material gains during an exogenously generated crisis. For economic constructivists it is ideational entrepreneurs who use ideas as weapons to establish paths for institutional change during crisis-driven uncertainty. Both approaches are elite-centric and conceive legitimacy as established by command or proclamation. This article establishes why domestic institutional change in response to international economic constraints must be legitimated by non-elites and how their everyday actions alter policy paths established in crisis. This is illustrated by re-examining a case frequently associated with punctuated equilibrium theories of crisis and institutional change: interwar Britain. In contrast to conventional explanations, I argue that the "legitimacy gap" between elite and broader public understandings about how the economy should work informed institutional experimentation during the 1920s and 1930s and fertilized the "Keynesian Revolution" of the 1940s. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7381 Files in this item: 1
legitimacy_gaps_british_eco_no14.pdf (211.7Kb) -
A Politico-Economic ModelNedergaard, Peter (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper technical standardisation is understood and explained in a model where economic analysis is coupled with an analysis of the political system as proposed in rational choice theory. The aim is to answer both the question why various countries (e.g. the United States versus European countries) let either the market or public intervention determine the mode of technical standardisation and the possible implications of these two ways of organizing technical standardisation from an economic and a political point of view. Based upon the analysis of the paper a couple of general policy recommendations are made concerning the mode of technical standardisation. Keywords: Rational choice, market failures, technical standards, standardisation, government failures. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7371 Files in this item: 1
wp39_intl_ppp.pdf (175.3Kb) -
A Route to a New Negotiating Order in High Performance Work Organizations?Hull Kristensen, Peer (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Contrary to a widely held view, rather than seeing the certification of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) as a barrier to increasing employee participation, this article views new ways of structuring participation as a necessary step towards making improvements in OHS management systems. The article first considers how work organization has changed and then in a similar way traces how bargaining has shifted from being distributive to become integrative to create a fundamental change in the negotiation regime. Finally, by analysing an OHS-certified firm in greater depth, the article shows how solutions for improvements in OHS management and notable bottom-up formulations of OHS benchmarks may help us discover how the organizational form of firms in which high-performance work organization can be developed through new participative structures. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8204 Files in this item: 1
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Lessons to be learned from the "hidden” committees of the Nordic Council of MinistersNedergaard, Peter (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In spite of their long history and extensive activities, the international committees of the Nordic Council of Ministers have not hitherto been subject to scholarly examination. This paper demonstrates that valuable lessons can be learned about policy learning in practise and theoretically by analysing the cooperation in the committees of the Nordic Council of Ministers. Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework as the starting point, fifteen hypotheses on policy learning are tested. Among other things, it is concluded that in order to maximise policy learning in international committees, committees should avoid fragmentation into coalitions, be open to public opinion, participants in committees should be driven by a sense of purpose rather that material interest, empirical data should be made available to committees, a neutral presidency should be present in order to act as an authoritative persuader, and neutral scientists should participate, although not necessarily scientists from consultancy firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7353 Files in this item: 1
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Seabrooke, Leonard (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Quasi-public institutions are significant but unsung players in the contemporary international financial order. What can be understood as quasi-public institutions (QPIs) have been created by states or private associations to provide a means of mediating private capital with public value, typically attracting domestic and international investment in order to foster and further a domestic agenda that has strong support from the broader population. As such they fit awkwardly with common perceptions of the international political economy as dominated institutions that reflect either state or market interests. QPIs do both and have emerged as institutional responses to domestic crises that then go on to have a role in shaping the world economy. QPIs that issue collaterized securities from mortgage credit, be they public or private in origin, reflect this institutional form given that their purpose is to bring together private capital and public value. This purpose also makes QPIs sensitive to everyday politics, given that they were created to reflect a broad social purpose rather than only elite interests. This article discusses the development of QPIs for mortgage bonds in a liberal market economy, the U.S., and a coordinated market economy, Denmark. I suggest that QPIs’ values have been challenged by de-regulatory and re-regulatory trends in recent decades. I suggest that QPIs call upon us to question how we identify actors in the international financial order as either public or private, and the importance of everyday politics in fostering institutional innovations that have significant knock-on effects for the world economy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7333 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-43.pdf (196.9Kb) -
Institutionalizing Agents and Institutionalized AgencyKristensen, Peer Hull; Morgan, Glenn (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7342 Files in this item: 1
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Kristensen, Peer Hull; Morgan, Glenn (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article discusses how institutional competitiveness and multinationals are mutually enriching concepts. Seen from the perspective of Multinationals, institutional competitiveness becomes expressed at two levels. At the level of corporate HQs institutional competitiveness proves itself by forming firms capable of expanding internationally. At the level of subsidiaries as providing institutional back up for these firms’ abilities to fight for survival and growth within the frame of rivalling subsidiaries of the MNC. The article discusses at these two levels the comparative institutional competitiveness of Liberal Market Economies and Coordinated Markets Economies under the current competitive regime. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7325 Files in this item: 1
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How? How much?Nedergaard, Peter (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Mutual learning among the Member States is the primary purpose of the employment policy of the European Union. The two most important questions in this regard are how learning occurs and how much learning takes place. In this article I argue that the existing analyses of the effects of learning in the European employment strategy have been either determined by the sender’s interests or have underestimated how mutual learning between countries takes place. In stead the article develops a constructivist approach to learning and uses it to generate some concrete hypothesis about when learning in committees is most likely to take place. Afterwards, this constructivist approach is used to analyse the institutional framework surrounding the European employment strategy in order to evaluate whether the potential for learning is optimal. Finally, the article concludes that even though some basic premises for learning is fulfilled, the potential for mutual learning could and should be increased by implemented at range of concrete institutional reforms. Firstly, a range of professional and autonomous sub-committees which reports to the EMCO should be established. Secondly, the EMCO should be given more time to discuss the national action plans in meetings which more loosely defined agendas. Thirdly, the cooperation should be concentrated around the areas where the differences in terms of policy performances among the Member States are greatest. Fourthly, the president of the EMCO should be given a more prominent role at the expense of the Commission. Finally, the members of the EMCO should to a higher extent come from the directorates in the Member states rather than the minister’s departments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7332 Files in this item: 1
working paper_40_pn_mutual learning.pdf (138.4Kb) -
Ougaard, Morten (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper is about Poulantzas, historical materialism, international relations, and the current crisis. My purpose is to discuss how some Poulantzian theoretical contributions can be applied to the study of subject matters that are the focus of academic fields such as International Relations (IR), International Political Economy (IPE), International Politics, World Politics and others. I deliberately abstain from singling out any of these disciplines or fields or labels and from trying to define them precisely, because one of my arguments is that historical materialism (HM) is a research program2 that contains its own theoretical definition of the object under study. This object, with inspiration from Poulantzas’ notion of the imperialist chain and his general theory of society, I will define as the global social formation or for short, world society. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8678 Files in this item: 1
Morten_Ougaard.pdf (214.2Kb) -
A Revised Note on Understanding Institutional ChangePedersen, Ove K. (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This is a slightly revised version of an article I published in 1991 (Ove K. Pedersen, 1991, “Nine Questions to a Neo-Institutional Theory in Political Science”, Scandinavian Political Studies, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 125-148). The purpose of the article 16 years ago is the same as the purpose of presenting this note today - to point to a number of methodological and theoretical problems which have to be discussed in connection with a theory of institutional change. No analytical approach for the study of institutions will be presented. No description of actual institutions or institutional change will be given. Rather, nine philosophical-methodological questions rarely raised and never answered in institutional theory will be asked. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7754 Files in this item: 1
WP CBP 2008-62.pdf (146.2Kb) -
Towards Enabling Welfare states and experimentalist Business SystemsKristensen, Peer Hull (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7330 Files in this item: 1
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Rocha, Robson (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The analysis in this paper concerns how national institutions impact the implementation of occupational healthy and safety management systems (OHSMS) in different types of market economies. The main objective is to show how variation in national institutional frameworks influences the implementation of OHSMS, and thus, relative performance. There are two main conclusions. First, dominating organisational templates and co-operative industrial relations structures allow firms from coordinated market economies (CME) to more effectively implement OHSMS than those from liberal market economies (LME) which are embedded in adversarial industrial relations. Secondly, due to differences in the institutional framework among countries, the mechanisms of enforcement for OHSMS need to be designed in different ways. The article contributes to the literature by showing that the implementation and functioning of OHSMS are mediated by the different institutional logics in which firms are embedded. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7365 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-57.pdf (188.0Kb) -
Et essay i forbindelse med fagbladet Folkeskolens 125 års jubilæum.Pedersen, Ove K. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Lærernes fagblad Folkeskolen fylder 125 år. Tillykke med det! Hermed kan vi fejre et af de mest citerede fagblade, som udgives af en af de mest indflydelsesrige, danske interesseorganisationer, og samtidig en af de vigtigste af alle faggrupper, nemlig folkeskolelærerne. Først af alt kan vi dog fejre den danske folkeskole. Uden den, ingen lærere, og uden lærere ingen forening og intet medlemsblad. Sammen med fagbladet Folkeskolen kan vi derfor også tillade os at fejre skolen; også selvom det er usikkert hvornår folkeskolen opstod, og hvorfra den skal dateres. Opstod den med kirkeordinantens om ”børneskoler” i 1539, med anordningen om ”almueskoler” i 1814, eller med lov om forskellige forhold vedrørende folkeskolen i 1899? Svaret er ikke ligegyldigt, men irrelevant i denne sammenhæng. I dette bidrag skal jeg hylde Danmarks Lærerforening, dets medlemmer, og deres fagblad, og jeg vil gøre det ved at påstå, at der er ét forhold, som i alle bladets 125 år og i alle DLF’s 134 år har optaget medlemmerne mere end noget andet - og det er folkeskolens formål. Folkeskolen fik sin første egentlige formålsparagraf i 1937, men lang tid før var dens opgaver fastsat ved ordinants, ved forordning, anordning eller lov. Det er derfor også ved sådanne bestemmelser, at skolen har fundet sin berettigelse og lærerne deres mission. Ligesom det er ved sådanne bestemmelser, at lærerforeningen har defineret, hvad der udmærker dens medlemmer, hvad der gør dem til en særlig profession, eller giver dem deres kaldelse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7326 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-49.pdf (235.9Kb) -
Methodological and Theoretical ConsiderationsNedergaard, Peter (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is solely to address two interlinked methodological and theoretical questions concerning the Open Method of Coordination (OMC), using the European Employment Strategy as a case: First, what is the most appropriate approach to learning in the analyses of the processes of the European Employment Strategy (EES)? Second, how is mutual learning processes diffused among the Member States? In answering these two questions the paper draws on a social constructivist approach to learning thereby contributing to the debate about learning in the political science literature. At the same time, based on this concept of learning, it is concluded that the learning effects of the EES are probably somewhat larger than what is normally suggested, but that successful diffusion still depends on a variety of contextual factors. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7338 Files in this item: 1