Department of International Economics and Management (INT) Titler
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Contextual Creation of Knowledge Versus Global Transfer of KnowledgeHolm, Ulf; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2000)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Gammelgaard, Jens; McDonald, Frank; Tüselmann, Heinz-Josef; Dörrenbächer, Christoph; Stephan, Andreas (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper develops a conceptual framework on the strategic development of subsidiaries and the direct employment of skilled labour. The framework is based on autonomy, and intra and inters organizational relationships. The conceptual model outlines the conditions that are likely to lead to too much, or too little, autonomy and intra and inter organizational relationships. This model is then used to develop propositions on the links between autonomy and intra and inter organizational relationships and direct employment of skilled labour. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6521 Filer i denne post: 1
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US and EU EvidencePedersen, Torben; Thomsen, Steen; Kvist, Hans Kurt (København, 2001)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Global Competition, Collective Efficiency, and Local DevelopmentLorentzen, Jochen; Robbins, Glen; Barnes, Justin (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The paper describes the formation of the Durban Auto Cluster in the context of trade liberalization. It argues that the improvement of operational competitiveness of firms in the cluster is prominently due to joint action. It tests this proposition by comparing the gains from cluster activities in the areas of supplier development, human resource development, logistics, and benchmarking, and by contrasting the impact of joint action against a host of other variables, notably international competition and technical assistance by foreign partners. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6598 Filer i denne post: 1
lorentzenrobbinsbarnesoctober2004.pdf (456.8Kb) -
Juul Andersen, Torben (Frederiksberg, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Organizational studies should address contemporary challenges of dealing effectively with the increasingly complex and dynamic business conditions. In this context we argue that structural features are linked to the corporate strategy process and affect the organization’s ability to respond to ongoing environmental changes. Sustainable performance arguably derives from integrative strategy-making where business opportunities are pursued as they emerge while being directed and coordinated through forward-looking analytics. This combination of decentralized responsiveness and central reasoning identifies a dynamic system of interacting fast and slow processes. The fast system observes and reacts to environmental stimuli and the slow system interprets events and reasons about future actions. When the fast and slow processes interact they form a dynamic adaptive system that allows the organization to respond to uncertain and changing conditions. We apply this model to interactions among individuals in organizations where ongoing experiential insights among dispersed operating managers interact with the forward-looking planning considerations around top-management. This identifies an organization that is able to react to frequent and often unpredictable changes and adapt. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9008 Filer i denne post: 1
JUUL ANDERSEN_WP 3 2014.pdf (706.4Kb) -
Using Updated Information from the FrontlineAndersen, Torben J.; Bresser, Rudi K. F.; Hallin, Carina A. (Frederiksberg, 2016)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Effective strategy-making in turbulent industries needs current insights that can inform ongoing decisions around adaptive strategic moves. Frontline employees involved in the daily business transactions are the first to see the subtle changes not otherwise observed by top managers. Top management with dominant logics anchored in previous business contexts usually receive updated information from performance reports for prior periods. All the while, we discern a human inclination linked to the position of power where managers subconsciously discard updated information from frontline employees. We present an experiment to investigate these effects and discuss the implications for strategic response capabilities among firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9326 Filer i denne post: 1
Andersen_Bresser_Hallin_RomeSMS2016.pdf (480.5Kb) -
Analysis Based on Patent DataJindra, Björn; Lacasa, Iciar Dominguez; Radosevic, Slavo (Warsaw, 2015)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This report explores patterns of technology upgrading as a three-dimensional process which consists of (i) intensity of technology upgrading, (ii) structural change, and (iii) interaction with the global economy. The specificity of our report is that we depict patterns of technology upgrading by relying entirely on patent data. We derive patent indicators to capture the three dimensions. Patent indicators for intensity of technology upgrading trace technological capabilities at the technology frontier (transnational patents) and behind the technology frontier (domestic/resident direct applications to national offices). Structural change in technological knowledge is depicted by the share of transnational patent applications in high technology fields and knowledge-intensive activities and by calculating a technological diversification index. To capture interaction with global economy in the upgrading process indicators measure technological knowledge sourcing across countries and interactions between foreign and indigenous actors. Based on 7 patent indicators covering the three upgrading dimensions the comparative analysis focuses on EU27 and its subregions and on the BRICS countries. According to the results, in 2011 CEECs were quite homogenous in their upgrading paths. A typical CEE economy in 2011 is well behind EU12 in terms of frontier technology intensity, domestic technology intensity, share of high tech patents and technology sourcing abroad. Moreover, its organizational capabilities are often less advanced. The CEE profile is much less coherent in terms of technology diversification/specialization and share of joint inventions. However, differences among CEECs are not significant. Still there are some notable national features. Poland, Romania and Slovenia have above average domestic technological intensity which reflects partly their sizes (Romania and Poland) and specific model of innovation system reliant on domestic R&D intensive firms (Slovenia). Latvia and Lithuania are specific in terms of high share of HTKI patents. CEE technology upgrading as depicted by patents is within the BRIC pattern (with exception of China which in terms of technology upgrading has de facto delinked from BRICS). In the BRIC context, the CEE characterize very open innovation system with a high share of coinventions and foreign actors exploiting local inventions. This reveals weak organizational capabilities to commercialize its own inventions. According to the results CEE grew during 1990s/2008 based on production, not technological capability. Their future growth will increasingly depend on building technological capabilities at world frontier level. Our analysis shows that the basis for such growth exists only to a limited extent and that speed of upgrading towards world frontier activities is well beyond required for catching up. Equally, our analysis shows that solutions for improved technology upgrading will need to be found with their existing innovation model of small open economies integrated into the EU. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9232 Filer i denne post: 1
Jindra_WP3.pdf (2.432Mb) -
Kokko, Ari; Ljungwall, Christer; Tingvall, Patrik Gustavsson (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper investigates to what extent income growth in the Chinese provinces is linked to growth and income levels in neighboring provinces. We find that the rate of income growth in a province is positively related to income and growth in neighboring provinces. However, we find no evidence of such positive interdependence between growth in rich coastal provinces and their immediate inland neighbors. This suggests that there has been little synchronization in economic growth rates between these regions, and/or that the immediate hinterland of the coastal growth centers might have been bypassed as China’s manufacturing sector has migrated westward. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8032 Filer i denne post: 1
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Juul Andersen, Torben; Andersson, Ulf; Palmié, Maximilian; Keupp, Matthias (Frederiksberg, 2015)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We outline commonalities between studies of subsidiary decentralization and autonomous strategy-making in the international business and strategic management fields. This suggests that corporate headquarters should engage in strategy-making processes that provide a combination of formal direction for global efficiencies and autonomy for effective local responses. Strategic guidance from headquarters frames subsidiary decisions in line with corporate priorities and distributed decision power coupled with informal exchange of information facilitates strategic responses in tune with local market requirements. We identify some important nuances in the integration-responsiveness conundrum supported by an empirical study of 351 multinational subsidiaries. We discuss the implications for multinational strategy practice and suggest future research venues to investigate strategy-making in multinational firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9202 Filer i denne post: 1
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Resume: South Korean and Taiwanese brands have long been household names. Today, however, the names of transnational companies (TNCs) from an increasingly diverse set of emerging and developing economies are regularly making if not the dinner table conversation then at least the headlines of the international business press. This reflects that companies such as Mittal and Tata (India), China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), Haier and Lenovo (PRC), Embraer (Brazil), SAPMiller (South Africa), and Cemex (Mexico) are foraying ever deeper into the international economy and increasingly investing abroad. Even though FDI usually constitutes only a minor part of countries’ total capital formation, the relationships between FDI and economic growth, welfare, and industrial upgrading in developing countries have been the object of long and extensive treatment in the literature. However, the literature has overwhelmingly focused on the impact of outward FDI from developed countries into recipient developing countries. Much less analyzed has been the increasingly important phenomenon of outward FDI (OFDI) from the developing countries themselves, be it into developed or into other developing countries. Apart from a few early pioneering studies (Lecraw 1977; Lall 1983; Wells 1983; Agarwal 1985) only few studies have been made so far of outward investment from emerging and developing economies. This is in spite of the fact that the value of outward FDI stock from developing countries reached USD859 billion in 2003, up from USD129 billion in 1990, and has increased 11 times since 1985. A limited number of recent studies do exist, though (e.g. Cai 1999; Lecraw 1993; van Hoesel 1999; Tolentino 1993; Andreff 2003; Chudnovsky and López 2000; Bulatov 1998, Yeung 2000). Furthermore, academic interest in the subject picked up considerably with the publication of UNCTAD’s 2006 World Investment Report, which was dedicated to the subject of FDI from developing and transition economies. The report was succeeded by a number of journal special issues (e.g. JIBS 2007, JIM forthcoming, TC forthcoming) and books (e.g. Goldstein 2007; Benito and Narula 2007). This paper takes stock of the mounting trend of outward FDI from emerging economies, with special focus on a group of five countries, which are becoming increasingly economically and politically influential, viz. the ‘BRICS’ countries. An ‘S’ is appended here to the conventional acronym of ‘BRIC’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China) to include the largest economy on the African continent, South Africa. The five BRICS countries produced some USD25 billion of outward FDI flows in 2004, corresponding to some 3 percent of world FDI flows and well over half (61 percent) of total developing country outflows. OFDI from the BRICS countries has grown rapidly over the last few years, while still remaining modest compared to many developed countries. Following a brief discussion of FDI and emerging economies in general the article proceeds to hypothesise that the increase we currently observe in outward investment from emerging and developing economies may constitute a third ‘wave’ of OFDI, distinct from the two previous waves depicted in the literature, and outlines the contours of such a wave. An empirical analysis OFDI from the BRICS countries follows, conducted at three levels: global (what is the extent, directions, etc. of outward FDI); sectoral (in which sectors is outward FDI significant); and firm level, identifying a small number of particularly interesting TNCs from emerging and developing economies URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6567 Filer i denne post: 1
ijtg+ofdi+pga+w+general+fdi-2.pdf (304.2Kb) -
From Czechoslovakia To The Czech Republic and SlovakiaOoi, Can-Seng; Peji´c Kristensen, Tatjana; Lomanová Pedersen, Zdenka (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Tourism offers an arena through which a place identity is imagined, negotiated and contained. This paper compares the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and show how these countries construct and assert their identities through tourism. They both share a common history as Czechoslovakia, however, they are perceived differently by the outside world. These former Eastern Bloc countries are promoting themselves in several ways and they are also marginalising their socialist past and invoking their Central European identity. The Czech and Slovak search for destination identity takes into account tourists’ demands and perceptions. This paper introduces the concept of the orientalist tourist gaze, and demonstrates how orientalism may manifest in tourism. Data on how these two countries are imagined were collected in Denmark. Keywords: destination identity, host society-guest interaction, impact of tourism, orientalism URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6576 Filer i denne post: 1
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A New Approach to Strategic ControlHallin, Carina Antonia; Andersen, Torben J.; Foss, Nicolai J.; Tveterås, Sigbjørn (Frederiksberg, 2012)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Recent advances within the dynamic capabilities view emphasize the “sensing” of employees as an important part of the micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities: By putting in place organizational processes that mobilize and exploit information gathered by individual employees from their operating environment, firms can update insights about performance outcomes and improve strategic decision-making. We test empirically the extent to which firms can ascertain performance outcomes by drawing on employee knowledge. Our empirical setting is the Scandinavian hospitality sector with respondents among frontline service employees. Using a time series approach, we show that employee respondents (collectively) assess medium-term organizational performance better than management and the financial models available to them. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8506 Filer i denne post: 1
Hallin.pdf (217.2Kb) -
economic integration and the Nordic CountriesBenito, Gabriel R.G.; Grøgaard, Birgitte; Narula, Rajneesh (København, 2002)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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On the role of knowledge in industrial districtsHåkanson, Lars (København, 2003)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper questions the prevailing notions that firms within industrial clusters have privi-leged access to ‘tacit knowledge’ that is unavailable – or available only at high cost – to firms located elsewhere, and that such access provides competitive advantages that help to explain the growth and development of both firms and regions. It outlines a model of cluster dynam-ics emphasizing two mutually interdependent processes: the concentration of specialized and complementary epistemic communities, on the one hand, and entrepreneurship and a high rate of new firm formation on the other. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6627 Filer i denne post: 1
working paper 2003-10.pdf (320.9Kb) -
a study of India's corporate sectorPatibandla, Murali (København, 2001)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Faigen, Benjamin (Frederiksberg, 2016)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This thesis examines ownership of the firm by its employees, of varying stakes. It begins by identifying the existence of employee ownership in a Chinese context, presented in the form of a general analytical discussion which is informed by a review of the available evidence on the subject. This work sets the stage for a focus on this form of ownership at the individual level of analysis, involving both conceptual and empirical explorations. Together, this constitutes three papers, put together with introductory and concluding chapters. The first thesis paper identifies the drivers of, and barriers to, employee ownership in China at three levels of analysis: the societal, organisational and individual. Its intended contribution to the employee ownership literature is to organise the scattered evidence in order to provide a systematic and comprehensive coverage of the development of this phenomenon. Employee ownership is found to have played a role in Chinese economic transition as a transitory phase before non-state enterprises were afforded official recognition in a context of publicly-owned enterprise privatisation. Senior managers became the key beneficiaries in firm sales and most ventures that were at one stage employee-owned, dissolved. Outside of a couple of notable examples in the tertiary sector, enterprises featuring some level of employees as owners persist in reduced numbers in rural areas today. In the second thesis paper, the interest is in the role of the individual actor with regard to employee ownership outside of a narrower Chinese context. At this level of analysis, it is preferences (attitudes) and resources which are decisive. A more detailed exploration of the former in particular follows, the idea being to theorise the compatibility of defined individual ‘types’ with specific ownership structures. Yet, because the existence of different forms and mechanisms with regard to employee ownership is not always made clear in the related literature, notable pathways to ownership— cooperative, professional partnership, controlling ownership, share ownership plan mechanism, share option mechanism, and direct ownership—are first clarified to facilitate the analysis. The paper’s overall contribution to the literature is the provision of a coherent conceptual treatment of the individual-level antecedents to employee ownership. The third thesis paper comprises mixed-method empirical research into the characteristics of individuals who have recently purchased shares in their employing firms in an Icelandic context, as well as their specific motives for doing so (or reasons for not doing so). Determinants of employee ownership, as well as direct insights into the considerations surrounding share acquisition, are less common at this level of analysis and this is the where the paper contributes to the literature. In order to conduct the empirical analysis, original material is gathered from six case study firms, the details of which are presented within the paper. Income, tenure and age are found to influence ownership status. Furthermore, some support is found for financial motives outweighing non-financial motives behind share purchases in minority employee-owned firms relative to majority employee-owned firms. Internal barriers to ownership, together with a lack of funds, hindered share purchases in majority employee-owned firms in particular. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9392 Filer i denne post: 1
Benjamin Faigen.pdf (1.949Mb) -
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Resume: This paper discusses the changing relationship between the EU and Vietnam, and asks whether there is a shift from a “parental” to a “competitive” relationship. The focus of the paper is on the shift from aid to trade as the main interface between the EU and Vietnam. Aid relationships are often understood as hierarchical, linking a benevolent donor to a needy recipient, whereas commercial relationships are typically expected to involve a more competitive relationship. However, we argue that the bilateral relationship was never a “parental” one, even at the time when Vietnam’s relation to the EU was limited to aid. The reason is largely Vietnam’s historical experiences from the aid relationship with the Soviet Union, which created dependence and eventually an economic crisis when aid flows dried up in the late 1980s. Instead, there has been substantial tension between the donor community and Vietnam during most of the period since the early 1990s, when aid flows from the EU started growing. Regarding trade relations, we note that the EU’s increasing use of antidumping tariffs against Vietnamese exporters during the past years could be an indication of a less friendly and more competitive attitude towards Vietnam. However, it is likely that the antidumping measures used by the EU are not primarily directed at Vietnam, but rather at China. This means that Vietnam is affected by the re-polarization of the world economy through its proximity to and links with China, but that the relation is perhaps not as bad as the increasingly frequent trade conflicts may suggest. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8369 Filer i denne post: 1
Kokko_November_2011_CIBEM_WP.pdf (151.5Kb) -
A Corporate Governance ApproachKnudsen, Jette Steen (København, 2003)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This article examines why Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in 2001 turned down a proposal for an EU take-over directive? The first explanation focuses on party ideology. However, MEPs overwhelmingly voted according to national rather than party lines. Two additional explanations emphasise national characteristics: labour market legislation (national schemes to protect employees against dismissals) and corporate governance issues. Labour market legislation can explain the UK and German MEP votes but not the Swedish and French MEPs votes. These votes can be explained by emphasising measures against take-overs such as a high level of market capitalisation and unequal voting rights. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6617 Filer i denne post: 1
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National and local politics in branding the pastLai, Shevren; Ooi, Can-Seng (Frederiksberg, 2015)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper critically examines the relationship between federal and local‐state level governments in interpreting and presenting the World Heritage brand at two Malaysian World Heritage sites, George Town and Melaka. The World Heritage status is internationally recognised. Although the World Heritage brand offers many advantages in tourism development and destination marketing, what and how the local heritage is conserved, interpreted and appreciated remains open. This article shows that the mechanisms of interpreting and presenting the WH status vary according to the agendas and needs of authorities. This working paper also shows that material heritage and heritage stories are highly politicized, and the World Heritage recognition has inevitably become a tool for further ideological intentions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9122 Filer i denne post: 1
WP Lai and Ooi 2015.pdf (466.7Kb)