Browsing Centres by Title
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A Rank-Size AnalysisLorenzen, Mark; Vaarst Andersen, Kristina (Frederiksberg, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Using novel statistical data, the paper analyzes the geographical distribution of Richard Florida’s creative class among 445 European cities. The paper demonstrates that size matters, i.e. cities with a high proportion of creative class tend to get more creative through attraction of still more creative labor. More specifically, the distribution of the European creative class falls into three phases, each approximating a rank-size rule, with different exponents (i.e., inequality). The exponent for the smallest cities is profoundly more negative than for the middle-sized cities, and this tendency is stronger for the creative class than for the general population. Furthermore, the exponent of the largest cities is slightly less negative than the middle-sized cities, and this tendency is also stronger for the creative class. In order to explain this, the paper presents four propositions about how effects of large and small population sizes of cities may be more detrimental to attracting the creative class than attracting the population in general. Below a population size of approximately 70,000 inhabitants, there is a rapid drop of attractiveness to the creative class with decreasing city size. We propose that this may be because below this size, cities begin to drop below minimum efficient market sizes for particular creative services, below minimum labor market sizes for particular creative job types, and below minimum levels of political representation by the creative class. Above a European city population size of approximately 1,2 million inhabitants, the attractiveness of increasing city size for the creative class drops, and we propose that the creative class may respond particularly adversely to urban congestion. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7871 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_07_17.pdf (317.3Kb) -
Trade Unions in the Korean and Malaysian Auto IndustriesWad, Peter (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper aims to address the question whether the dynamic of autoworker unionism in South Korea and Malaysia was conditioned by, and eventually also influenced the globalization processes in the local auto industry? The conclusion is a contextualized "yes", and the core argument is the following: The financial crisis in 1997 was the dramatic peak of financial globalization in East Asia in the 1990s, and it did accelerate the existing trend in Korea towards centralized unionism in the auto industry, while it suspended the trend in the Malaysian auto industry towards decentralized unionism. Although the Korean and Malaysian unions were affected by the financial crisis from different structural and strategic positions, and were exposed to different national policies and corporate strategies of crisis management, the Korean unions and Malaysian unions generally followed, respectively, a more radical and militant and a more pragmatic and moderate strategy. In the global-local perspective we face two paradoxes. The first paradox is that in spite of the difference in union ideology, the outcome in terms of industrial relations (IR) institutions was rather similar in the sense that the auto industry contained a mixture of industrial and enterprise unions and formal or informal federations of these unions, and that collective bargaining was by and large undertaken bilaterally at the enterprise level. This situation was generated by a dynamic, which took the Malaysian system down from a centralized IR system within the low technology assembly industry (the globally subordinated local OEMs) to a rather decentralized IR system within the SOE-MNC controlled industry. The Korean system became more centralized through the confrontations between radical enterprise unions and authoritarian employers and authorities within an auto industry, which over time become much more indigenized, technologically advanced, export-oriented and diversified into multiple auto manufacturers and an under-wood of component suppliers. Yet, in both auto industries the large enterprise unions resisted organizational centralization, which could impede their autonomy. Due to the strength of unions of the market leading firms a breakthrough did happen neither in Korea nor in Malaysia, although the Koreans were a step ahead of the Malaysians having established a federation of metalworkers unions, including the important autoworkers unions. The second paradox is that the radicalism of the Korean autoworker unions was maintained during 1990s globalization of the auto industry, while radicalism was abandoned by the Malaysian autoworker unions in favor of union pragmatism, when the indigenization of the Malaysian auto industry unfolded since the early 1980s and a local auto supplier industry had been formed. This cross-country difference is partly explained by the different position held by the Korean and Malaysian auto companies in the global and local auto value chain. The radicalism and effectiveness of Korean autoworker unions sustained the development of dynamic efficiency among Korean auto manufacturing firms. In the same way, the intra-industry differences in wages and working conditions among auto manufacturing firms and components supplier firms were also related to the stratification of the domestic auto value chain, and this uneven distribution of benefits created obstacles of centralized unionization and collective bargaining. The centralized IR system in Malaysia evolved in an auto industry composed primarily of firms assembling imported CKD kits of components. The inequality of employment conditions between auto manufacturers and component suppliers was a driver of the strategy of centralized unionism and collective bargaining in Korea, while the inequality was not perceived as that significant by the Malaysian industrial union, since they had been dealing with these problems by the early 1990s. Keywords: Globalisation, trade unions, automobile industry, global value chain theory, East Asia, Malaysia, South Korea. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7410 Files in this item: 1
cdp2005-03wad samlet.pdf (172.8Kb) -
Thompson, Grahame (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Many formulations of contemporary globalization suggest that citizenship is being radically transformed by processes of transnationalism. And the business world is reacting to this sense of change by firms claiming to be ‘global corporate citizens’. But what exactly does global corporate citizenship mean and what are its implications? In this paper a preliminary response is made to these questions by situating corporate citizenship within the wider framework of constitutional debates about private economic law and the juridicalization of the international sphere more generally. The paper poses the issue of whether there is a quasi-constitutionalization of the international corporate sphere underway and the possible governance consequences of this process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7379 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-50.pdf (136.0Kb) -
The Role of Multinational EnterprisesNarula, Rajneesh; Zanfei, Antonello (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper undertakes a brief evaluation of the trends in the internationalization of innovative activities. We provide a taxonomy of R&D internationalization strategies, and discuss the main relevant theoretical and empirical issues, before discussing the centripetal and centrifugal forces underlying the nature and evolution of cross border innovation. We address the issue of international technology partnering as a key strategy that is complementary to the internationalisation of innovative activities through internal means, before raising important policy dimensions and directions for future research that derive from these debates. Key words: R&D internationalization, globalisation, multinationals, alliances, technology policy JEL Codes: F23, O32 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6628 Files in this item: 1
03-15.pdf (361.2Kb) -
Hockerts, Kai; Wüstenhagen, Rolf (København, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper proposes a model of how incumbents and new entrants engage in sustainable entrepreneurship. We suggest that in the early stages of an industry’s sustainability transformation, new entrants (‘Emerging Davids’) are more likely than incumbents to pursue sustainability-related opportunities. Incumbents react to the activities of new entrants by engaging in corporate sustainable entrepreneurship activities. While these ‘Greening Goliaths’ are often less ambitious in their environmental and social goals, they may have a broader reach due to their established market presence. This paper analyses the interplay between ‘Greening Goliaths’ and ‘Emerging Davids’ and theorizes about how it is their compounded impact that promotes the sustainable transformation of industries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7122 Files in this item: 1
wp cbscsr 2009-1.pdf (996.7Kb) -
Lyck, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Greenland is the largest island of the world. It is mostly covered by an ice cap, but with an ice free territory of the same size as the territory of Sweden and 8 times the territory of Denmark. The size of the population in Greenland has been stable since 1970’s and include 56.000 persons. Until Second World War Greenland was an almost closed territory, you had to have a permission to go there, and only few permissions were given. The size of the population at that time was less than 4000. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8736 Files in this item: 1
Lyck_1.pdf (439.1Kb) -
Hagen Jørgensen, Ole (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper shows how improved health conditions aect fertility decisions and economic growth. Survival rates for children and adults are incorporated into an overlapping generations model featuring endogenous fertility and altruism from workers towards their retired parents. The main nding is that a simultaneous increase in child and adult survival decreases fertility and increases savings and productivity growth. The analysis illustrates the key role of health in the demographic transition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7695 Files in this item: 1
dp 2008-04.pdf (1.563Mb) -
Fosfuri, Andrea; Røende, Thomas (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Abstract We analyze firms’ incentives to cluster in an industrial district to benefit from reciprocal technology spillovers. A simple model of cumulative innovation is presented where technology spillovers arise endogenously through labor mobility. It is shown that firms’ incentives to cluster are the strongest when the following three conditions are met: 1) technological progress is rapid; 2) competition in the product market is relatively soft; 3) the probability of a single firm to develop an innovation is neither very high nor very low. We show that some trade secret protection is always beneficial for firms’ profits and stimulates clustering. Excessive protection may impede technology spillovers and reduce firms’ incentives to cluster. JEL Codes: J3, K2, L1, O32, O34. Keywords: Cumulative innovation, industrial districts, intellectual property rights, technology spillovers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6784 Files in this item: 1
wplefic132002.pdf (365.3Kb) -
Er Danskere Specielle?Munch, Jakob Roland; Rose Skaksen, Jan; Schroll, Sanne; Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne artikel belyser holdninger til immigration blandt borgere i Danmark og de øvrige EU-15 lande - herunder holdningerne til immigration, der følger af den seneste EU-udvidelse. Det analyseres, hvilke faktorer der ligger til frund for disse holdninger, samt i hvilken udstrækning danskere afviger fra EU-gennemsnittet. Den typiske dansker er lidt mere skeptisk overfor immigration end andre europæere. Danskerne afskiller sig desuden ved, at forholdsvis få forbinder øget immigration med negative konsekvenser for arbejdsmarkedet, men forholdsvis mange forbinder det med højere omkostninger for velfærdsstaten. Når der tages hensyn til opfattelserne af de økonomiske konsekvenser af immigration, kommer Danmark til at fremstå som et væsentligt mere immigrationsskeptisk land, end hvad der kommer til udtryk i de ukorrigerede holdninger. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7564 Files in this item: 1
ap_2006-01_001.pdf (411.2Kb) -
Do Police Reduce Group Violence?Priks, Mikael; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
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Mahnke, Volker; Venzin, Markus (Frederiksberg, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper develops theory to propose how considering digital information good characteristics modify and extends existing explanations with regard to entry mode choices (in single markets) and internationalization paths (across countries). Explanations offered relate to network and lock-in effects, complementary infrastructure investments, branding, and customer learning – factors that are particular important for understanding international market entry of digital information good providers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7893 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_02_13.pdf (419.3Kb) -
Hvass, Kristian Anders (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The initial appearance of U.S. low-cost carriers forced incumbents to create new forms of competitive advantage. These were successful hindrances for nearly two decades. Concurrently, incumbents in Europe implemented similar tools, although within a regulated market. However, Europe's low-cost airlines were more successful and had a greater initial impact in their early years than their U.S. compatriots. This paper will attempt to highlight some of the differences between the two markets and explain why European low-cost airlines had more advantages following their market deregulation and sidestepped traditional carriers’ competitive advantages. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6632 Files in this item: 1
working paper 1 airline focus.pdf (532.5Kb) -
Laursen, Keld (Frederiksberg, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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Lyck, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article presents core questions and problems related to the role of culture in society, to culture policy and it outlines some instruments, models and practices that can be applied to promote culture. The intention of the article is to function as a platform for discussion of the role of culture in the society and of financing cultural activities. As this is a big field to cover this article intends to only focus on core questions and on outlining drafts for solutions: In other words the purpose of the article is to function as an appetizer and as a driver for discussion of dealing with culture activities in the public and the private sector, looking at it from an EU perspective, national perspective and a regional/local perspective. An additional purpose is to focus on the field seen in relation to economic business cycles with special attention to recession and economic and financial downturn developments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8478 Files in this item: 1
Lyck_2012_4.pdf (61.08Kb) -
A Model for Analysing the Progress of Knowledge Development in Developing Country FirmsLehmann, Sanne (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper addresses the crucial call for upgrading to more value-added production in developing country firms in the light of increased global competition and suggests that such upgrading demands a shift in focus from investment in technology to investment in people, knowledge and learning. In this line of thinking, the aim is to propose a model for analysing the progress of knowledge improvements in developing countries as an outcome of the management of human, social and organisational capital. In this regard, the paper considers relevant practices and strategies in the context of developing country firms, the challenges that effect firms and institutions in this process, and the appropriate level and method of the analysis. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6759 Files in this item: 1
wps-2007_no.2_sanne.lehmann.pdf (203.7Kb) -
the case of EstoniaMeyer, Klaus; Sinani, Evis (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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In Searching the Meaning of Chineseness in Greater ChinaCheung, Gordon C. K. (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Among the people in Greater China (People’s Republic of China [PRC], Taiwan and Hong Kong), needless to say, economic incentive, political relations and business relations all conjure up an ethos of relations, if not close bonds, among Hong Kong, Taiwan and the PRC. The rise of China matters to everyone who lives in Greater China. Hong Kong is already part of China. Taiwan, according to the PRC, cannot be independent without running the risk of a war. Yet, my question is that are those Chinese the same in Greater China? Do they have different identities? If living with China is inevitable, do they need to search for a new identity to face the challenges? Keywords: Chineseness, Greater China, identity, national boundaries, Hong Kong, Taiwan URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7396 Files in this item: 1
cdp 2006-010.pdf (189.7Kb) -
Munch, Jakob Roland; Rose Skaksen, Jan; Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We propose a complementary approach to analyze the impact of immigration on the wages of native workers. Using linked employer-employee data from Denmark for a relatively long time period (1993-2004), we study the consequences of an increased use of immigrants at the most disaggregate level – the workplace. We find that an increase in the share of workers from less developed countries at the workplace has a signifi cantly negative effect on the wages of natives – also when controlling for potential endogeneity using both fi xed effects and IV. The use of immigrants from more developed countries also appears to be correlated with wages. However, these correlations disappear when controlling for unobserved fi rm and worker characteristics and are thus likely to reflect selection rather than a causal effect of these immigrants. Finally, we find a positive impact on the wages of native workers from having Eastern European co-workers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7638 Files in this item: 1
wp18-2007.pdf (697.2Kb) -
Laursen, Keld (Frederiksberg, 1996)[More information][Less information]
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Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper identifies several distortions which create barriers to entrepreneurship. First, in addition to the innate entry cost, there are entry costs caused by regulation. Second, union wage policies raise the opportunity cost of entrepreneurship. Third, inefficiencies in the transmission of tacit knowledge between generations of entrepreneurs can arise: with access to within-family ownership transfer, the outside market for entrepreneurship operates as a lemon’s market. This problem becomes relevant when the economic life of a business idea exceeds the active life of an entrepreneur. barriers to entrepreneurship, tacit knowledge, occupational choice URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7711 Files in this item: 1
artikel 18.pdf (210.7Kb)