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Searching for impact in Mali and South AfricaJeppesen, Soeren; Mainguy, Claire (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Little is known about impact of FDI on economic development in Africa compared to other developing countries, which the paper seeks to address by focusing on examples of impact in Mali and South Africa. The arugment put forward is that the impact has to be identified at the level of the industry or sector and the level of the firm with regard to employment effect, income generation and skills development. The mining and electricity and railway sectors in Mali are investigated and compared to the automobile industry in South Africa. The paper ends with suggestions for future investigations which can shed more light on the pertinent issues about impact of FDI in Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6760 Files in this item: 1
wps-2007_no.6.pdf (274.0Kb) -
New Challenges and Opportunities for RegulatorsGoldberg, Lawrence G.; Sweeney, Richard J.; Wihlborg, Clas (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Nordea is the first major international bank planning to operate important host country activities in branches as the Second European banking directive envisions rather than as subsidiaries. Nordea is the result of mergers of roughly equal-size universal banks in four Nordic countries with the intention to reap economies of scale and scope by providing services in an integrated organization. Nordea has so far operated under a legal structure with subsidiaries in the host countries. When the new branch organization is implemented, EU directives specify that the home country is responsible for supervision, regulation as well as deposit insurance. Supervisors in all involved countries are challenged by this prospect and they are negotiating to obtain an acceptable division of responsibilities. We argue that the Nordea case offers an opportunity to implement the EU's vision and to develop institutional foundations for substantial market discipline in banking. In particular, distress resolution and insolvency procedures for banks must be made rule based and credible for host country authorities to accept home country control. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6783 Files in this item: 1
wplefic042005.pdf (209.7Kb) -
Inter-Ethnic Relations and Economic Development in Penang, MalaysiaJacobsen, Michael (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Identity formation is probably one of the most discussed aspects of strategic positioning within anthropology, sociology and political science. In general notions of identity have been based on either an absolutist or primordial understanding of belonging or a constructionalist view in which social and political positioning in terms of identity formation are governed by a given societal context. This paper bases its understanding of identity formation on the latter approach. This means that depending of context individuals have several different although related identities to choose between when manoeuvring in a complex and dynamic social environment. Identity formation, achieved or ascribed, and its various forms of externalisation are thus negotiated and not absolute. The dynamic behind this notion of identity formation is individual agency strategically manipulating social, economic and political positioning in a given societal setup. To illustrate the complexities and in this case negative ramifications of social engineering the article focuses on inter-ethnic relations and industrial development in Penang, Malaysia. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7909 Files in this item: 1
CDP 2009-030.pdf (164.5Kb) -
economic and scientific specialisation among OECD countriesLaursen, Keld; Salter, Ammon (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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A Third-Generation Prediction MarketHallin, Carina Antonia; Juul Andersen, Torben; Tveterås, Sigbjørn (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article theorizes a new way to predict firm performance based on aggregation of sensing among frontline employees about changes in operational capabilities to update strategic action plans. We frame the approach in the context of first- and second-generation prediction markets and outline its unique features as a third-generation prediction market. It is argued that frontline employees gain deep insights when they execute operational activities on an ongoing basis in the organization. The experiential learning from close interaction with internal and external stakeholders provides unique insights not otherwise available to senior management. We outline a methodology to agglomerate these insights in a performance barometer as an important source for problem finding and innovation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8815 Files in this item: 1
Hallin_Juul Andersen_Tveteraas.pdf (258.0Kb) -
Kaiser, Ulrich; Grimpe, Christoph (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Determining the research and development (R&D) boundaries of the firm as the choice between internal, collaborative and external technology acquisition has since long been a major challenge for firms to secure a continuous stream of innovative products or processes. While research on R&D cooperation or strategic alliances is abundant, little is known about the outsourcing of R&D activities to contract research organizations and its implications for innovation performance. This paper investigates the driving forces of external technology sourcing through contract research based on arguments from transaction cost theory and the resource-based view of the firm. Using a large and comprehensive data set of innovating firms from Germany our findings suggest that technological uncertainty, contractual experience and openness to external knowledge sources motivate the choice for engaging in contract research activities. Moreover, we show that internal and external R&D sourcing are complements: the marginal contribution of internal (external) R&D is the larger the more firms spend on external (internal) R&D. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7690 Files in this item: 1
dp 2008-02.pdf (227.6Kb) -
Folkeskolernes brug af internettetAndersen, Kim Normann; Medaglia, Rony (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: De danske folkeskolers indsats med anvendelse af internettet til at levere data om karakterer og trivselsmål halter ikke blot bagefter, men er endog meget langt fra målsætninger om åbenhed og gennemsigtighed. Det var ellers et meget klart formuleret krav i Lov om gennemsigtighed og åbenhed i uddannelserne m.v. (vedtaget tilbage i 2002) samt i 360 graders eftersynet af skolerne, der i den netop udkomne rapport bl.a. anbefalede langt stærkere fokus på resultater. En kortlægning af 200 folkeskoler jævnt fordelt på de fem regioner viser, at det stadig i langt overvejende er generel information om skolerne, der dominerer hjemmesiderne, og at folkeskolerne ikke har integreret eksempelvis karaktergennemsnit og andre forbrugerdata på hjemmesiderne. I stedet skal forældre og børn gå via andre informationskanaler for at få data om karakterer for den enkelte skole. Det kan eksempelvis ske via UNI-C eller CEPOS. Ud af de undersøgte 200 folkeskoler er det kun 15% af skolerne, der kommer op på et niveau, hvor de er på omdrejningshøjde med målsætninger om gennemsigtighed og sammenlignelighed via internettet. De øvrige 85% halter så meget bagefter, at undersøgelsen konkluderer, at det er vanskeligt at se loven er internaliseret i den digitale ledelse og kommunikation til brugerne. Der kan være to mulige årsager til dette. Enten er skolerne uvidende om hvordan man lægger informationer op på nettet eller de forsøger bevidst at undgå sammenlignelighed og tilgængelighed. Uanset om det skyldes manglende viden eller modvilje, er resultatet, at danske børn og forældre i praksis er ladt i stikken af skolerne. Der findes flere portaler og online databaser, hvor data for karaktergennemsnit fordelt på fag og klassetrin kan findes. Det er imidlertid kun en lille del af folkeskolerne, der benytter denne mulighed. Mange af de skoler, der linker til data, tager så betydelige forbehold for disse data, at det langt fra stimulerer brugerne til at hente, anvende og vurdere oplysninger om karakterer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8158 Files in this item: 1
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A Rank-Size AnalysisLorenzen, Mark; Vaarst Andersen, Kristina (Frederiksberg, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Using novel statistical data, the paper analyzes the geographical distribution of Richard Florida’s creative class among 445 European cities. The paper demonstrates that size matters, i.e. cities with a high proportion of creative class tend to get more creative through attraction of still more creative labor. More specifically, the distribution of the European creative class falls into three phases, each approximating a rank-size rule, with different exponents (i.e., inequality). The exponent for the smallest cities is profoundly more negative than for the middle-sized cities, and this tendency is stronger for the creative class than for the general population. Furthermore, the exponent of the largest cities is slightly less negative than the middle-sized cities, and this tendency is also stronger for the creative class. In order to explain this, the paper presents four propositions about how effects of large and small population sizes of cities may be more detrimental to attracting the creative class than attracting the population in general. Below a population size of approximately 70,000 inhabitants, there is a rapid drop of attractiveness to the creative class with decreasing city size. We propose that this may be because below this size, cities begin to drop below minimum efficient market sizes for particular creative services, below minimum labor market sizes for particular creative job types, and below minimum levels of political representation by the creative class. Above a European city population size of approximately 1,2 million inhabitants, the attractiveness of increasing city size for the creative class drops, and we propose that the creative class may respond particularly adversely to urban congestion. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7871 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_07_17.pdf (317.3Kb) -
Trade Unions in the Korean and Malaysian Auto IndustriesWad, Peter (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper aims to address the question whether the dynamic of autoworker unionism in South Korea and Malaysia was conditioned by, and eventually also influenced the globalization processes in the local auto industry? The conclusion is a contextualized "yes", and the core argument is the following: The financial crisis in 1997 was the dramatic peak of financial globalization in East Asia in the 1990s, and it did accelerate the existing trend in Korea towards centralized unionism in the auto industry, while it suspended the trend in the Malaysian auto industry towards decentralized unionism. Although the Korean and Malaysian unions were affected by the financial crisis from different structural and strategic positions, and were exposed to different national policies and corporate strategies of crisis management, the Korean unions and Malaysian unions generally followed, respectively, a more radical and militant and a more pragmatic and moderate strategy. In the global-local perspective we face two paradoxes. The first paradox is that in spite of the difference in union ideology, the outcome in terms of industrial relations (IR) institutions was rather similar in the sense that the auto industry contained a mixture of industrial and enterprise unions and formal or informal federations of these unions, and that collective bargaining was by and large undertaken bilaterally at the enterprise level. This situation was generated by a dynamic, which took the Malaysian system down from a centralized IR system within the low technology assembly industry (the globally subordinated local OEMs) to a rather decentralized IR system within the SOE-MNC controlled industry. The Korean system became more centralized through the confrontations between radical enterprise unions and authoritarian employers and authorities within an auto industry, which over time become much more indigenized, technologically advanced, export-oriented and diversified into multiple auto manufacturers and an under-wood of component suppliers. Yet, in both auto industries the large enterprise unions resisted organizational centralization, which could impede their autonomy. Due to the strength of unions of the market leading firms a breakthrough did happen neither in Korea nor in Malaysia, although the Koreans were a step ahead of the Malaysians having established a federation of metalworkers unions, including the important autoworkers unions. The second paradox is that the radicalism of the Korean autoworker unions was maintained during 1990s globalization of the auto industry, while radicalism was abandoned by the Malaysian autoworker unions in favor of union pragmatism, when the indigenization of the Malaysian auto industry unfolded since the early 1980s and a local auto supplier industry had been formed. This cross-country difference is partly explained by the different position held by the Korean and Malaysian auto companies in the global and local auto value chain. The radicalism and effectiveness of Korean autoworker unions sustained the development of dynamic efficiency among Korean auto manufacturing firms. In the same way, the intra-industry differences in wages and working conditions among auto manufacturing firms and components supplier firms were also related to the stratification of the domestic auto value chain, and this uneven distribution of benefits created obstacles of centralized unionization and collective bargaining. The centralized IR system in Malaysia evolved in an auto industry composed primarily of firms assembling imported CKD kits of components. The inequality of employment conditions between auto manufacturers and component suppliers was a driver of the strategy of centralized unionism and collective bargaining in Korea, while the inequality was not perceived as that significant by the Malaysian industrial union, since they had been dealing with these problems by the early 1990s. Keywords: Globalisation, trade unions, automobile industry, global value chain theory, East Asia, Malaysia, South Korea. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7410 Files in this item: 1
cdp2005-03wad samlet.pdf (172.8Kb) -
Thompson, Grahame (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Many formulations of contemporary globalization suggest that citizenship is being radically transformed by processes of transnationalism. And the business world is reacting to this sense of change by firms claiming to be ‘global corporate citizens’. But what exactly does global corporate citizenship mean and what are its implications? In this paper a preliminary response is made to these questions by situating corporate citizenship within the wider framework of constitutional debates about private economic law and the juridicalization of the international sphere more generally. The paper poses the issue of whether there is a quasi-constitutionalization of the international corporate sphere underway and the possible governance consequences of this process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7379 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-50.pdf (136.0Kb) -
The Role of Multinational EnterprisesNarula, Rajneesh; Zanfei, Antonello (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper undertakes a brief evaluation of the trends in the internationalization of innovative activities. We provide a taxonomy of R&D internationalization strategies, and discuss the main relevant theoretical and empirical issues, before discussing the centripetal and centrifugal forces underlying the nature and evolution of cross border innovation. We address the issue of international technology partnering as a key strategy that is complementary to the internationalisation of innovative activities through internal means, before raising important policy dimensions and directions for future research that derive from these debates. Key words: R&D internationalization, globalisation, multinationals, alliances, technology policy JEL Codes: F23, O32 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6628 Files in this item: 1
03-15.pdf (361.2Kb) -
Hockerts, Kai; Wüstenhagen, Rolf (København, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper proposes a model of how incumbents and new entrants engage in sustainable entrepreneurship. We suggest that in the early stages of an industry’s sustainability transformation, new entrants (‘Emerging Davids’) are more likely than incumbents to pursue sustainability-related opportunities. Incumbents react to the activities of new entrants by engaging in corporate sustainable entrepreneurship activities. While these ‘Greening Goliaths’ are often less ambitious in their environmental and social goals, they may have a broader reach due to their established market presence. This paper analyses the interplay between ‘Greening Goliaths’ and ‘Emerging Davids’ and theorizes about how it is their compounded impact that promotes the sustainable transformation of industries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7122 Files in this item: 1
wp cbscsr 2009-1.pdf (996.7Kb) -
Lyck, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Greenland is the largest island of the world. It is mostly covered by an ice cap, but with an ice free territory of the same size as the territory of Sweden and 8 times the territory of Denmark. The size of the population in Greenland has been stable since 1970’s and include 56.000 persons. Until Second World War Greenland was an almost closed territory, you had to have a permission to go there, and only few permissions were given. The size of the population at that time was less than 4000. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8736 Files in this item: 1
Lyck_1.pdf (439.1Kb) -
Højbjerg Jacobsen, Rasmus (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: When a policy maker or an administrator decides on how many and which of a number of proposed policy measures to implement an important piece of information is whether the effort is “worthwhile”. The precise meaning of the word “worthwhile” will depend on the context. In some cases, the question of whether a policy measure is worthwhile will be decided on a purely qualitative basis given the results of the policy measure. In other – and perhaps most – cases some sort of money evaluation will be attached to the results, and a total effect in money terms will be used to evaluate the results. This manual is concerned with the latter case. Given the large degree of competition between various projects for public funds, a compelling case for a specific project can be made if a well carried out cost-benefit-analysis shows a resulting surplus. While this criterion is obviously not the only one used, it could be an important factor when preparing policy makers to make decisions about a specific project. The basic idea behind cost-benefit-analysis is simple: calculate all benefits and all the costs associated with a specific effort, subtract the costs from the benefits while carefully addressing the time profile, and use the resulting number as an indicator for the economic profitability of the project. If the result is positive, the project produces an economic surplus, and if it is negative the project leads to an economic loss. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8878 Files in this item: 1
Rasmus_Hoejbjerg_Jacobsen.pdf (402.7Kb) -
Hagen Jørgensen, Ole (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper shows how improved health conditions aect fertility decisions and economic growth. Survival rates for children and adults are incorporated into an overlapping generations model featuring endogenous fertility and altruism from workers towards their retired parents. The main nding is that a simultaneous increase in child and adult survival decreases fertility and increases savings and productivity growth. The analysis illustrates the key role of health in the demographic transition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7695 Files in this item: 1
dp 2008-04.pdf (1.563Mb) -
Li, Xin (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: (1) The essence of Yin-Yang is that yin and yang are contrary yet complementary. 阴阳的本质是阴阳是相生相克的关系。 (2) This contrary yet complementary relationship can be described by three characteristics of Yin-Yang: nonexclusivability, transformability, and coopetitionability. Nonexclusivability means that anything contains yin and yang elements and neither yin nor yang elements can be excluded because within both elements there is a seed of the opposite element. Due to the existence of a seed of the opposite element, the yin and yang elements can be mutually transformed when the opposite seed grow to a certain size. Due to this possible growth of the inside opposite element, the relationship between yin and yang and their inside opposite element is one of competition and cooperation, i.e. coopetition. When the configuration ratio of an element’s opposite seed is within the range of 1% to 25%1, their relationship is more co-operative than competitive, and therefore there is more synergy than tradeoff between them. The closer the ratio is to 25%, the stronger the synergy. When the ratio is within the range of 25% to 49%, their relationship is more competitive than cooperative, and therefore there is more tradeoff than synergy between them. The closer the ratio is to 49%, the stronger the tradeoff. 阴阳的相生相克关系可以描述为三个特性：不可排除性、相互转化性、竞 争合作性。不可排除性是指任何事物都包含阴阳两个对立元素，二者之任 何一个均不可能被排除在我，这是因为在阴或阳元素内部天然的包含着对 立元素的种子。正是因为这个种子的天然存在，阴和阳元素可以互相转 化，这种转化发生在对立元素种子成长到一定程度的时候。正是由于这种 对立元素的成长可能性，阴或阳元素和它内部的对立元素之间的关系是既 竞争又合作的。当内部的对立元素占总体元素的力量比例在1%到25%之 间时，两者的关系是合作多于竞争，越靠近25%这个点，这种合作的协同 效果也强烈。当这个搭配比例处于25%到49%之间时，它们的关系将是 竞争多于合作，也就是他们更多互相排斥而非互相促进。当这个比例越靠 近49%，这种排斥效应越强烈。 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8891 Files in this item: 1
Xin_Li_CDP 2014-46.pdf (332.2Kb) -
Fosfuri, Andrea; Røende, Thomas (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Abstract We analyze firms’ incentives to cluster in an industrial district to benefit from reciprocal technology spillovers. A simple model of cumulative innovation is presented where technology spillovers arise endogenously through labor mobility. It is shown that firms’ incentives to cluster are the strongest when the following three conditions are met: 1) technological progress is rapid; 2) competition in the product market is relatively soft; 3) the probability of a single firm to develop an innovation is neither very high nor very low. We show that some trade secret protection is always beneficial for firms’ profits and stimulates clustering. Excessive protection may impede technology spillovers and reduce firms’ incentives to cluster. JEL Codes: J3, K2, L1, O32, O34. Keywords: Cumulative innovation, industrial districts, intellectual property rights, technology spillovers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6784 Files in this item: 1
wplefic132002.pdf (365.3Kb) -
Er Danskere Specielle?Munch, Jakob Roland; Rose Skaksen, Jan; Schroll, Sanne; Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne artikel belyser holdninger til immigration blandt borgere i Danmark og de øvrige EU-15 lande - herunder holdningerne til immigration, der følger af den seneste EU-udvidelse. Det analyseres, hvilke faktorer der ligger til frund for disse holdninger, samt i hvilken udstrækning danskere afviger fra EU-gennemsnittet. Den typiske dansker er lidt mere skeptisk overfor immigration end andre europæere. Danskerne afskiller sig desuden ved, at forholdsvis få forbinder øget immigration med negative konsekvenser for arbejdsmarkedet, men forholdsvis mange forbinder det med højere omkostninger for velfærdsstaten. Når der tages hensyn til opfattelserne af de økonomiske konsekvenser af immigration, kommer Danmark til at fremstå som et væsentligt mere immigrationsskeptisk land, end hvad der kommer til udtryk i de ukorrigerede holdninger. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7564 Files in this item: 1
ap_2006-01_001.pdf (411.2Kb) -
Do Police Reduce Group Violence?Priks, Mikael; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
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Mahnke, Volker; Venzin, Markus (Frederiksberg, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper develops theory to propose how considering digital information good characteristics modify and extends existing explanations with regard to entry mode choices (in single markets) and internationalization paths (across countries). Explanations offered relate to network and lock-in effects, complementary infrastructure investments, branding, and customer learning – factors that are particular important for understanding international market entry of digital information good providers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7893 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_02_13.pdf (419.3Kb)