Browsing Centres by Title
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Laursen, Keld (Frederiksberg, 1996)[More information][Less information]
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Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper identifies several distortions which create barriers to entrepreneurship. First, in addition to the innate entry cost, there are entry costs caused by regulation. Second, union wage policies raise the opportunity cost of entrepreneurship. Third, inefficiencies in the transmission of tacit knowledge between generations of entrepreneurs can arise: with access to within-family ownership transfer, the outside market for entrepreneurship operates as a lemon’s market. This problem becomes relevant when the economic life of a business idea exceeds the active life of an entrepreneur. barriers to entrepreneurship, tacit knowledge, occupational choice URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7711 Files in this item: 1
artikel 18.pdf (210.7Kb) -
Rosholm, Michael; Scheuer, Christian; Sørensen, Anders (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of globalization, in the sense of increasing international trade, on the demand for skills in Danish manufacturing companies. The study is based on a unique data set that enables us to develop rich measures of international outsourcing and import penetration. Moreover, the data also allows several strategies to strengthen the causal interpretation of our results. The main finding of the analysis is that it is of crucial importance to distinguish imports - both in the form of outsourcing and overall imports - by country-of-origin. We find that international trade with low-wage countries leads to skill-upgrading. This is especially pronounced for import penetration with a ceteris paribus contribution of around fifty percent to skill-upgrading. Moreover, we find that import penetration in goods originating from high-wage countries lead to skill-downgrading. This latter result suggests that Danish manufacturing has comparative advantage in skill intensive production when compared to low-wage countries, but in unskill-intensive production when compared to high-wage countries. Skill-upgrading, Low-wage country outsourcing, Low-wage country import penetration, Comparative advantage URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7709 Files in this item: 1
artikel 20.pdf (389.3Kb) -
Laursen, Keld (Frederiksberg, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Recent theoretical and empirical analysis in the field of economic organisation has focussed almost exclusively on identifying organisational practices and complementarities between such practices, invariant to the type of activity in question. However, this paper takes its point of departure in the observation from organisational theory that more knowledge-intensive production activities often involve higher degrees of strategic uncertainty for firms and performance ambiguity in relation to individual employees. Therefore, the “organic” or “clan” form of organisation — involving the application of “new” HRM practices — is expected to yield a higher outcome in terms of performance within knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy, as compared to other sectors. Moreover, knowledge-intensive activities are likely to require the utilisation of local knowledge to a higher degree than less knowledge-intensive activities. Given that the application of new HRM practices is one way of supporting such local knowledge, it should also for this reason be expected that the application of HRM practices are more effective for knowledge-intensive production activities. A sample of 726 Danish firms with more than 50 employees in manufacturing and private services is applied. The results show that HRM practices are more effective in influencing innovation performance when applied together, rather than when applied alone. In other words, organisational complementarities obtain. Moreover, it is shown that the application of (complementary) HRM practices is more effective in what is normally perceived to be more knowledge-intensive sectors as compared to less knowledge-intensive sectors. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7897 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_01_11.pdf (120.9Kb) -
Laursen, Keld; Meliciani, Valentina (Frederiksberg, 1999)[More information][Less information]
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Rent Sharing or Composition?Fosse, Henrik Barslund; Maitra, Madhura (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Offshoring firms are found to pay higher average wages than purely domestic firms. We provide a unifying empirical approach by capturing the different channels through which offshoring may explain this wage difference: (i) due to change in the composition of workers (skill composition effect) (ii) because all existing workers get higher pay (rent sharing effect). Using Danish worker-firm data we explain how much each channel contributes to higher wages. To estimate the causal effect of offshoring on wages we use China’s accession to the WTO in December 2001 - and the soon after boom in Chinese exports - as positive exogenous shocks to the incentive to offshore to China. Both skill composition and rent sharing effects are found to be important in explaining the resultant gain in wages. We also show that the firm’s timing in the offshoring process determines the relative importance of a channel. For firms offshoring to China in 2002 but not in 1999, only rent sharing explains the gain in wages. For firms offshoring to China both before and after China’s WTO accession the wage increase is explained mostly by the skill composition effect. Moreover, these patterns are not discernible from the measures of skill composition and rent sharing available in typical firm level datasets - like ratio of educated to uneducated workers and sales per employee. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8540 Files in this item: 1
Fosse_2012_2.pdf (255.2Kb) -
validating new indicators by understanding patenting strategiesReitzig, Markus (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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Glazer, Amihai; Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We consider the effects of income redistribution when people can migrate from one country to another, and when land within each country is heterogeneous. Taxes related to income can then affect property values, and can induce migration, which further affects property values. We show that under these conditions a utilitarian government should never equalize after-tax incomes. If migration is impossible, it may even transfer income from the poor to the rich, reducing the rents earned by absentee landlords. The redistributive tax on the rich may be higher or lower when the rich can migrate than when they cannot. A Rawlsian government in the absence of mobility will equalize after-tax incomes. Under mobility, Rawlsian governments cut their taxes if and only if the relative pre-tax income of the poor is sufficiently low. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7689 Files in this item: 1
dp 2008-05.pdf (163.9Kb) -
Thoughts on a Micro-Foundations Project for Strategic Management and Organizational AnalysisFelin, Teppo; Foss, Nicolai J. (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Making links between micro and macro levels has been problematic in the social sciences, and the literature in strategic management and organization theory is no exception The purpose of this chapter is to raise theoretical issues in developing micro-foundations for strategic management and organizational analysis We discuss more general problems with collectivism in the social sciences by focusing on specific problems in extant organizational analysis We introduce microfoundations to the literature by explicating the underlying theoretical foundations of the origins of individual action and interaction We highlight opportunities for future research, specifically emphasizing the need for a rational choice program in management research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7470 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 39.pdf (4.296Mb) -
Fehr, Hans; Habermann, Christian (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The present paper studies the growth and efficiency consequences of tax-favored individual retirement accounts in a general equilibrium overlapping generations model with idiosyncratic lifespan and labor income uncertainty. We distinguish between economies with rational and with hyperbolic consumers and compare the consequences of mandatory and voluntary retirement plans with and without annuitized benefits. While a full taxation of capital income yields the highest efficiency gains in the rational consumer model, annuitization and hyperbolic discounting substantially improve the economic efficiency of IRAs. We also show that annuitization alters the intergenerational welfare consequences of the reform substantially, since it reduces accidental bequests. Finally, even if mandatory saving programs have a clear cost advantage, they are only recommendable if consumers are myopic. individual retirement accounts, annuities, stochastic general equilibrium, hyperbolic consumers URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7710 Files in this item: 1
artikel 11.pdf (258.2Kb) -
Lessons from Co-operation and Higher-order Capabilities Amongst geographically proximate firmsLorenzen, Mark (Frederiksberg, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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A Case Study of the Laundry Detergent Market in JapanFujiwara, Masatoshi (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper aims to describe how a commercially successful innovation occurs with the altering of the existing competitive structure in a market under environmental and competitive pressures. I study the history of the laundry detergent market in Japan and elucidate the manner in which Kao accomplished an innovation and increased their market share during the late 1980s. Kao introduced their new detergent Attack through a biotechnological innovation and dramatically changed the competitive structure to their advantage. The innovations introduced were of two kinds 1) fermentation engineering technologies to improve the cleaning performance of detergents by using alkaline cellulase, and 2) concentration of detergents to four times their earlier strength through changes in their powder processing technologies. This historical innovation that occurred in the laundry detergent market in Japan has a contemporary implication because combining firms’ activities and environmental sustainability has been one of the most crucial topics over recent years. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8440 Files in this item: 1
Masatoshi_Fujiwara_CDP_2011-37.pdf (268.8Kb) -
For Økonomi- og ErhvervsministerietJunge, Martin; Sørensen, Anders (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8275 Files in this item: 1
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Brian Loasby and The Theory of The FirmFoss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 1997)[More information][Less information]
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Ionascu, Delia; Meyer, Klaus E.; Estrin, Saul (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The concept of ‘distance’ has been used by international business scholars to explain variations in international business strategies and operations across countries. The more distant a host country is from the organizational centre of a multinational enterprise (MNE), the more it has to manage cultural, regulatory and cognitive differences, and to develop appropriate entry strategies, organizational forms, and internal procedures to accommodate these differences. Scholarly research has focused on the concept of psychic distance, which has been narrowed down in empirical work to indices based on Hofstede’s work on culture. However, these measures capture only very partially the dimensions of distance of concern to international business. In this paper, we show how the broader theoretical concept of institutional distance, which incorporates normative, regulatory and cognitive aspects, affects entry strategies. Specifically, our theoretical arguments suggest that the impact of distance varies with different aspects of the concept of institutional distance, and that this impact interacts with both the investor’s experience and with the relative importance of the pertinent operation for the investing MNE. Using a unique dataset of foreign direct investment in emerging economies that incorporates multi-host as well as multi-home countries, we find empirical support for our propositions, and provide an explanation for apparently inconsistent results in the previous literature. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7116 Files in this item: 1
cees wp51 ionascu meyer estrin.pdf (548.5Kb) -
Bevan, Alan; Estrin, Saul; Meyer, Klaus (London, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Meyer, Klaus (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Strategies, Business Models, and Management ModelAndersen, Kim Normann; Medaglia, Rony (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: European Commission funded research is driven by the objective of integrating excellent research in Europe by using public funding to gain momentum and sustainability. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the management patterns of 20 Networks of Excellence. Our analysis indicates an absence of business management competences in the project consortia and unclear criteria for sustainability. Sustainability strategies appear to be ad hoc driven and orchestrated by the project monitoring events, rather than built in the consortia management structure. The paper advocates for bringing onboard conventional management models along with strategic positioning, business models, and business plans. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7866 Files in this item: 1
eChallenges_ref_238_doc_5865.pdf (83.04Kb) -
Elkjær-Larsen, Jens Kristian; Goldschmidt, Lars (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Erhvervsrettet forskning i ledelse foregår i vidt omfang i samarbejde med virksomheder, der selv arbejder med forskningens problemstillinger. Det betyder, at der forskes i et felt, der selv reflekterer over de problemstillinger, der undersøges, og som kan bidrage til videnproduktionen på mange andre måder end som "rå data". Forskerne kommer med mange forskellige relationer til feltet. Fra en rolle som ren observatør, over rollen som forskende konsulent til egentlig praktiker, der forsker i sit eget miljø. Derfor er det interessant som forsker indenfor dette område at se på metodiske tilgange, der nyttiggør feltets og forskerens egne indsigter i de problemstillinger, der søges belyst, og som direkte kan understøtte aktørernes egen håndtering af disse. Det er interessant ud fra en "traditionel" universitetsbaseret forskningssynsvinkel, og det er interessant i den bredere diskussion af, hvordan virksomhederne styrker deres egen evne til "forskningsbaseret" refleksion over egen praksis. Aktionsforsknings traditionen har sit udgangspunkt i forskernes samspil med et reflekterende felt og er derfor en vigtig metodisk inspirationskilde til den erhvervsorienterede forskning. Men aktionsforskningen er ikke konsolideret som én fælles forskningstradition. Der er derimod udviklet en række forskningsmetodiske tilgange såsom: Aktionsforskning, Action science, Sociologisk fantasi, Bruger/borger involvering i udviklingsprojekter, Dialogforskning, Reflective practice, Action learning, Appreciative inquiry, Communities of Inquiry in Communities of practice, Clinical inquiry (Baskerville 1996). Metoderne er udviklet i relation til det felt eller problemstilling, som forskergrupperne var engagerede i, og kun enkelte er tænkt ind i en erhvervsforskningskontekst. Denne mangfoldighed har ført til, at det enkelte erhvervsforskningsprojekti stort omfang har skullet definere sit eget ståsted for sin interaktion med feltet, opstille sineegne kriterier for etik, kvalitet og generaliserbarhed af resultater og så fremdeles. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6765 Files in this item: 1
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Assessing the Impact of Global Economics on Industrial Developments and Inter-Ethnic Relations in Penang, MalaysiaJacobsen, Michael (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Due to the increasingly integration and thus inter-dependency between the global economy, a given national economy and their societal embedment a triangulation between the three elements is a must if one is to understand the dynamic processes between them. This article focuses especially on the national economic and societal aspects of such a triangulation thus positioning the national dependencies of the global economy in the background. The notion of triangulation is perceived by the author to be more holistic and relational oriented compared to an approach based on decoupling. The latter aims through sector defined studies to assess the level of connectivity between global and national economics as well as between them and their societal embedment in order to detect whether there are potential fault-lines between the three thus mitigating the notion of decoupling. This article applies a triangular approach on the electronic and electrical manufacturing sector in Penang. It concentrates in particular on how companies within this sector relate to pertinent governmental initiated industry policies and the impact of the inter-ethnic related affirmative action policy in this connection. The global aspect of the triangulation has thus been put on a back burner in this study, as the article emphasises the importance of pointing towards the inter-dependency between the political, the inter-ethnic and the economic sectors in Penang, as they are perceived to condition each other. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8203 Files in this item: 1
Michael Jacobsen CDP 2010-35.pdf (172.5Kb)