Lessons for the EU from United States History, 1789 - 1861
Sweeney, Richard J.(København, 2003)
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Resume:
If secession or expulsion ends in a "velvet divorce," as with Czechoslovakia, costs are
minimal and the split is relatively unimportant. High costs arise if a federation splits into mutually
hostile, comparably sized regions. Perhaps the majority of splits lead to dangerous hostility. A
well-designed constitution minimizes the likelihood of hostile splits by limiting the issues that are
dealt with at the federal level, by providing checks and balances, and by establishing due process
under the rule of law. Preventing the conditions under which a hostile split may arise is more costeffective
than trying to optimize the terms of a split or to find last-minute compromises to
forestall the split.