Browsing Ph.D. theses by Title
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Elming, Jakob (Frederiksberg, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Reordering has been an important topic in statistical machine translation (SMT) as long as SMT has been around. State-of-the-art SMT systems such as Pharaoh (Koehn, 2004a) still employ a simplistic model of the reordering process to do non-local reordering. This model penalizes any reordering no matter the words. The reordering is only selected if it leads to a translation that looks like a much better sentence than the alternative. Recent developments have, however, seen improvements in translation quality following from syntax-based reordering. One such development is the pre-translation approach that adjusts the source sentence to resemble target language word order prior to translation. This is done based on rules that are either manually created or automatically learned from word aligned parallel corpora. We introduce a novel approach to syntactic reordering. This approach provides better exploitation of the information in the reordering rules and eliminates problematic biases of previous approaches. Although the approach is examined within a pre-translation reordering framework, it easily extends to other frameworks. Our approach significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art phrase-based SMT system and previous approaches to pretranslation reordering, including (Li et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2007b; Crego & Mari˜ no, 2007). This is consistent both for a very close language pair, English-Danish, and a very distant language pair, English-Arabic. We also propose automatic reordering rule learning based on a rich set of linguistic information. As opposed to most previous approaches that extract a large set of rules, our approach produces a small set of predominantly general rules. These provide a good reflection of the main reordering issues of a given language pair. We examine the influence of several parameters that may have influence on the quality of the rules learned. Finally, we provide a new approach for improving automatic word alignment. This word alignment is used in the above task of automatically learning reordering rules. Our approach learns from hand aligned data how to combine several automatic word alignments to one superior word alignment. The automatic word alignments are created from the same data that has been preprocessed with different tokenization schemes. Thus utilizing the different strengths that different tokenization schemes exhibit in word alignment. We achieve a 38% error reduction for the automatic word alignment URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7922 Files in this item: 1
jakob_elming.pdf (1.033Mb) -
The Economic and Artistic Constitution of a Social PhenomenonWymann, Christian (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
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en analyse af diskussionen omkring indførelse af EPJ på en hospitalsafdelingSchnack, Morten (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to analyse how the implementation of electronic patient records (EPR) may affect cross-disciplinary clinical practice in a particular hospital department. The thesis presents a modified discourse analysis, a technology analysis, and some reflections on power. Using nineteen interviews of doctors and nurses in the Paediatric Department of Hvidovre Hospital, it emphasizes those actions in relation to the implementation of EPR that may either hinder or foster cross-disciplinary co-operation between doctors and nurses. The general pattern is that EPR fosters mono-disciplinarity, even though the management’s ambitions in regard to EPR had been to foster crossdisciplinarity. The overall conclusion of the thesis is that EPR has the capacity to open a space for cross-disciplinarity. The changes in the documentation practices of the doctors and the nurses that follow from the implementation of EPR have also brought changes in their communication and decision-making processes. This can be seen especially when they prepare for regular rounds, during rounds, and in the subsequent documentation of rounds. Also, the changes in both the structures of communication and the processes of decision-making do not seem to result in fundamental task slippage between the doctors and the nurses because the doctor maintains ultimate authority and responsibility in regard to diagnosis, prescriptions, and treatment plans, while the nurses remain responsible for patient care (nursing) and keeping the doctors informed. Like the paper-based patient record, EPR expresses the rationality of medical science but, unlike the paper-based patient record, the doctors no longer hold a monopoly on the expression of this rationality. The thesis focuses on the spaces of conduct that arise as a result of the managing doctor’s political intention to use the transformation of patient record technology as an occasion for managers and professionals to reconsider how they have hitherto organized the routines and tasks in the department. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7129 Files in this item: 1
morten_schnack.pdf (5.242Mb) -
A five-act Spestrale on Online Communication, Collaboration & OrganizationTunby Guldbrandsen, Ib (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
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Dick-Nielsen, Jens (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The three essays study the US corporate bond market with special attention to bond liquidity. All essays are empirical studies which rely heavily on the availability of transactions data. Earlier studies had to use quoted bond prices for empirical studies, but with the introduction of the TRACE system and with the following dissemination of transaction prices the data quality on corporate bonds has improved immensely. In the years after 2000 a range of studies assessed the performance of structural credit risk models and found that they were not able to fully explain the size of the average credit spread for corporate bonds. Huang and Huang (2003) suggested (among others) that the remaining non-default-component of the credit spread was an illiquidity premium. Using transaction data this thesis studies the impact of illiquidity and trading frictions on corporate bonds. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8198 Files in this item: 1
Jens_Dick-Nielsen.pdf (3.104Mb) -
Studier af indrulleringsprocesser i forbindelse med introduktionen af kliniske kvalitetsdatabaser i speciallægepraksissektorenKousgaard, Marius Brostrøm (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Since the late 1980s, concerns over quality of care have become a significant challenge to health care sectors across Europe, and numerous initiatives of quality assessment and improvement have been launched. In several western countries the idea of measuring the quality of clinical care by means of "quality indicators” has increasingly captured the attention of policy makers. In Denmark this development has been relatively pronounced, and today the principles of indicator monitoring constitute a crucial component in the national strategy of quality development. The so-called "clinical databases” are the oldest of the current indicator arrangements and this dissertation deals with the introduction of clinical databases in a particular branch of the health care sector where practising specialists in privately owned clinics offer medical services in accordance with collectively agreed reimbursement schemes. Inspired by actor-network theory this dissertation investigates the relations between the databases, their spokespersons, and the practising specialists who are supposed to be enrolled in the databases. The objective is to identify and articulate the various problematizations, interests, concerns, challenges and transformations that are involved in the process of enrolment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6862 Files in this item: 1
marius_brostoem_ kousgaard.pdf (2.143Mb) -
An application to ChinaLi, Xin (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The starting point of this PhD research is two observations. The first is that people often tend to discuss a country’s national competitiveness in a general tone, i.e., judging a country to be either competitive or uncompetitive, rather than making more balanced assessment, and therefore their opinions often contradict each other. The second observation is that there are many competing international reports that rank a large number of countries in terms of their national competitiveness. These reports often provide different rankings for a given country (e.g., China), and therefore the readers of these reports are often left with a confusing picture. The first observation reflects the reality that there has been a lack of commonly accepted definition of national competitiveness. The second reflects the methodological problems of the indexing-and-ranking methods commonly used by international competitiveness reports... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8357 Files in this item: 1
Xin_Li.pdf (5.486Mb) -
And Transformations in Health CareJuul Nielsen, Annegrete (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The ‘health society’ is a mainstream reality Kickbusch (2007) argues: “Health, as we understand it and live it today, is not only an outcome of other social and economic developments but a significant defining factor” (ibid: 144). Indeed, it seems difficult to disagree on the general relevance of health to the constitutive dynamics of contemporary societies and organizations. Plenty of policies, politics and programs preoccupied with the health of the worker, the patient, the children, the old or society at large are being launched. The success of these programs is related to their geographical spread. If a health care program does not leave the desk where it first saw light, its chances of influencing those it would like bear down on is bound to be minimal. For a health care program to have an effect it must be able to travel or move between practices. Some health care programs successfully accomplish this task. They come to be widely adopted, apparently having global relevance, as for example the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program, which has been adopted by countries as diverse as Japan, Australia and Denmark. But how does this happen and which effects does traveling have on a health care program and its place of arrival? This question is the starting point for the following text. In this introduction I start out introducing my approach to health care programs as traveling technologies. Then I very briefly introduce the reader to the two health care programs, Joint Health Plans and the Chronic Disease Self- Management Program, which have served as case studies for the thesis. Finally, I outline the content of the thesis chapter by chapter. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8212 Files in this item: 1
Annegrete_Juul_Nielsen.pdf (2.271Mb) -
On the production of the stress-fit, self-managing employeePedersen, Michael (København, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Routine work‐process, lack of self‐management, and long work‐hours have traditionally been the main topics of discussion within the occupational stress literature, constituting the primary factors that make people breakdown and burn out. But within the last couple of years, this discussion has expanded its focus from issues concerning the disciplinary work‐space. Increasing attention is now being placed on the problems related to the burgeoning interest in employee empowerment and self‐management in contemporary work‐life. In short, how stress relates to self‐management. These working conditions, which put a great deal of emphasis on the subjectivity of the employee and the ability of the employee to self‐manage in a pursuit of an organization’s goals, are thus no longer regarded as something that decreases stress, but rather as something that evokes it. However, as this thesis argues, one can regard stress as more than a crisis we are faced with in our work‐life. It is also an element that co‐produces what it is to be a efficient employee‐subject within this work‐life. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s ontology of flows and machines, this sketches out how stress among self‐managing employees, and in particular the manner in which stress is reduced to a matter of individual coping, can be viewed as an organising process that separates, joins and codes the ontological fabric of our lives. In this regard, certain modes of existence centred on stress issues and the coping strategies of individuals are themselves produced as an individual responsibility for maximizing one’s own productivity as a self‐managing and committed employee. As I will argue, the production of this mode of existence of the employee‐subject revolves around the assumption of an employee subject that is able to tune its feelings, desires and thoughts in to a life of productivity without breaking‐down their body and soul. In fact, the potential break‐down of stress should act as an internal limit for personal productivity, as a way of rebooting to an ever more efficient self‐management. All in all, we can therefore talk of a production‐process revolving around the presumption of an always fitter, happier, more productive employee. The questions raised in the investigation of this particular form of production of subjectivity are: what notions of subjectivity as a productive resource are we presented with when not only self‐management but also the management of the stress this self‐management might entail becomes an underlying foundation for a flexible and efficient organization? What can an employee think, do and hope for under such circumstances? What are the dynamics that drive such a notion of subjectivity? And with what necessity does this notion set itself forth? All in all, the claim made in the thesis is that for this fitter, happier, and more productive employee, dealing with oneself and stress are primarily matters of individual responsibility and personal development. But by turning stress into matters of individual responsibility, happiness and productivity, one thereby misses some of the underlying ontological processes working within selfmanagement theories and practices. These processes are pre‐personal or preindividual in the sense that they outline ways we can be produced as individual subjects. These not only produce stress as a possibility for any particular individual to assume, they also convert stress‐issues amongst employees into matters of being unable to adequately contribute towards the organization, leading in turn towards an understanding of these issues as something best handled if employees can improve their own coping abilities. If they can better their own self. We can hence talk of a commitment machine that produces a zone of indiscernability between the subjectivity of the employee and the efficiency of the organization connecting up with a coping machine that frames problems within this zone as a matter of personal problems regarding one’s subjectivity. The coping machine serves to reinforce the production of the self‐managing employee by making the employees themselves each responsible for learning to take control of their own passion for working in the organization. The employee has to be passionate and committed, of course; but they now also have to distance themselves from this passion and commitment in order to perform well at their tasks. These passions are simultaneously considered both essential and problematic: the employee is both part of an ideal state and a pathological condition. The coping machine makes this pathological condition into a problem of personal commitment rather than making it a task for questioning how the production of the pre‐individual zone of indiscernability between the work and the employees’ subjectivity is itself set up by the commitment machine. In other words, the coping machine produces a mode of existence wherein stress results from an overemphasis, on the part of the employees, upon the commitment towards their work and from a failure to deploy the most appropriate selfmanagement technologies. The thesis can thus be said to be guided by three ambitions in its unfolding of this tune in, break‐down and reboot motion. First of all, to give an account of the inherent modes of existence produced within the contemporary organizational ideal of the committed self‐managing employee. This is done through a reading of various discussions about the management of employee subjectivity ranging from the self‐leadership literature focusing on self‐management as intrinsically motivating and enjoyable through to discussions of incitements to self‐manage and commit as a subtle ways to encroach and exploit the employee’s personal subjectivity to contemporary discussions of the new nature of capitalism and its focus on the active living forms of knowledge as the key to value‐production. The second ambition is to address a prevalent paradigm within the occupational stress and stress‐management literature, namely that of coping, as a reinforcement of this demand for a committed and self managing employee. This is done through a reading of some of the most influential scholars within stress and coping and best‐sellers on stress‐management. The third and final ambition is to describe this movement of reinforcement, or tune in, break‐down and reboot movement, through the Deleuzian notion of machines that in various dynamic ways produce and regulate ways of being or modes of existence. Consequently, it will be suggested that the nuts and bolts making up the relation between self‐management and stress is part of a mode of existence that sets up certain expectations about the problem of stress and the enterprise of dealing with stress as an individual productivity and enjoyment issue: being fitter, happier, and more productive rather than being regarded as part of the pre‐individual collective endeavor that constitutes us as these very subjects. Today in self‐management these machines of commitment and coping might produce us as a fitter, happier, and more productive subject. But this very machinic production that unleashes and confines our subjectivity as employees depends on an extremely unstable pre‐individual force. Tapping into this force always means that the foundation of these machines are themselves vulnerable and fragile, or as Deleuze might put it: we do not know yet what we are capable of as this fitter, happier, more productive employee, we do not know were the preindividual forces that animates the machines of commitment and coping might bring us, so we must tune in, breakdown, and reboot to find out. Besides a short introduction and a first chapter that highlight some of the most important notions in the thesis, such as self‐management, stress, subjectivity, modes of existence, pre‐individual forces and social machines, the thesis consists of three parts. The first part running from chapter two through five, is called Machines and Maps. Here I discuss the concept of machines as it is developed by Deleuze and Guattari. Of particular interest is their notion of a social machine. Also crucial is what a machinic approach in general implies when analyzing an object of research and how this approach is utilized to understand the production of subjectivity in contemporary work‐life. The second part Self‐management and the Commitment‐machine runs from chapter six to eleven. Here I outline two machinic indices of a self‐management, namely the ‘subjectivity’ and ‘commitment’ and the machinery that drives them; the commitment machine. In the third and last part Stress and the Coping‐machine, which runs from chapter twelve to fifteen, I shift my focus towards the two machinic indices of stress: ‘the somatic subject’ and ‘the coping processes’. I end up with a description of the coping machinery that drives these indices and how this machinery connects up with the commitment machine resulting in the production of the stress‐fit self‐managing employee. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7761 Files in this item: 1
Michael_Pedersen.pdf (1.515Mb) -
Et studie af 10-12 årige danske børns brug af internettet, opfattelse og forståelse af markedsføring og forbrugRasmussen, Jeanette (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne afhandlingen har haft til formål at udvide den viden, vi har om markedsføring rettet mod børn. Børn i dag lever i en mere kommercialiseret barndom, børn betragtes i højere grad end tidligere som selvstændige forbrugere, markedsføringsmetoder på internettet er karakteriseret ved at være mere sofistikerede og mindre gennemskuelige, og der er stor markedsføringsmæssig fokus på yngre børn, og specielt de såkaldte tweens (defineres typisk som de 8-12 årige). Det har derfor været afhandlingens sigte at undersøge i et hverdagsperspektiv, hvordan 10-12 åriges brug af internettet, deres oplevelse og forståelse af markedsføring på internettet er relateret til deres forbrug (køb og forhold til mærker). Det er tweens oplevelse og forståelse af medier og forbrug, som er i fokus. Afhandlingens teoretiske grundlag er tvær-disciplinært, og derfor er relevante dele fra barndomsforskningen, medieforskningen og forbrugerforskningen blevet inddraget. Metodisk er der brugt en triangulering af empirisk materiale, da dette er specielt godt i forhold til undersøgelser om børn. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8563 Files in this item: 1
Jeanette_Rasmussen.pdf (2.213Mb) -
French National Habitus and the Rejection of American PowerFich, Christian (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Antiamerikanisme er et emne, der har tiltrukket sig stigende opmærksomhed gennem det seneste årti. Terrorangrebene den 11. september 2001 var udtryk for et ekstremt had mod USA, og mange amerikanere følte sig efterfølgende kaldet til at spørge ‖Hvorfor hader de os så meget?‖ (Zakaria 2001). Terrorangrebene fik et efterspil, der afslørede, at det kunne være nok så væsentligt også at spørge ‖Hvorfor er vi blevet så upopulære, selv blandt vores venner?‖ (Moïsi 2009). Forberedelserne til invasionen af Irak i foråret 2003 tydeliggjorde, at der var stor uenighed om mål og midler mellem USA og dets europæiske allierede for så vidt angår linjen over for Irak. Særlig ét europæisk land blev fremstillet som repræsentant for europæisk antiamerikanisme: Frankrig. Frankrig blev i amerikanske medier såvel som af ledende amerikanske politikere beskyldt for at agere spydspids for en politisk orkestreret modstand mod USA‘s udenrigspolitik, som væsentligst skulle være motiveret af en iboende fransk tendens til antiamerikanisme. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8026 Files in this item: 1
Christian_Fich_COMPLETE.pdf (2.675Mb) -
From Vendors to CustomersRiis, Philip Holst (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Enterprise Systems (ES) are generally considered the price of entry for running a business. With the increased scope of ESs to encompass nearly every function or business process of a modern organization, an increasing number of different users are adopting and using the systems. These users occupy a number of different organizational roles which include a wide variety of different tasks in organizations and have very different requirements for ESs. To ensure a better fit between users and ESs, a number of ES vendors have begun to focus on reflecting the concept of organizational roles of users in their systems. Limited research has, however, addressed these “role-oriented” ESs; this dissertation attempts to provide a better understanding of them by studying their design, implementation, and use. The research design for this dissertation is based on Case Studies and the Grounded Theory Method with qualitative empirical data collected across three types of actors in an ES ecosystem: Vendors; partner companies; and customers. The findings are primarily presented in six appended research papers that are aimed at both researchers and practitioners. The main contribution of the dissertation is an improved understanding of: Representation of organizational roles in the deep and surface structures of ESs; the mapping, configuration, and tailoring of predefined systems roles to fit actual roles of users in organizations; and the potential benefits and role-related misfits of role-oriented ESs. Through discussion of the findings, the dissertation also illustrates how the design of role-oriented ESs is influenced by the different actors in an ecosystem. The dissertation also illustrates how systems, organizations, processes, and roles can be aligned during implementation by shifting basis and conceptual focus in the requirements analysis. Finally, the dissertation explains the impact of roleoriented technology on organizational performance and how this technology may influence the existing perception of the role taking process in organizations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8512 Files in this item: 1
Philip_Holst_Riis.pdf (3.453Mb) -
Identitet som mulighed og restriktion blandt fabriksarbejdere på det aftayloriserede fabriksgulvPaludan, Trine (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne afhandling udforsker og belyser spørgsmål omkring identitet blandt en gruppe fabriksarbejdere på en højteknologisk industri-arbejdsplads i Danmark. - Men hvorfor et forskningsprojekt omkring identitet blandt danske fabriksarbejdere? URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7047 Files in this item: 1
trine_paludan_jakobsen.pdf (1.117Mb) -
Interaction, Interconnection and PositionVedel, Mette (Copenhagen, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis reports the findings of one of three co-financed research projects under the heading: “Customer driven innovation in the building articles industry”. The issue is value creation in triadic business relationships, and the aim is to explore in what ways the expansion from a dyadic level of analysis to the level of micro-networks can inform our understanding of value creation in intermediated systems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8165 Files in this item: 1
Mette_Vedel.pdf (4.461Mb) -
Understanding Technology Decision MakingGimpel, Gregory (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Recent innovations have integrated information and communication technology (ICT) into the fabric of people’s daily lives. Wireless technology, with its constant presence and transcendence of geographical boundaries, has profoundly influenced people’s behavior and the consumption of technology and related services. During the past few years, wireless technologies have shifted from simple devices offering mobile phone calling to multipurpose devices that incorporate the capabilities of other devices. The multiple uses of these devices, coupled with the blurring of the work-home and utilitarianhedonic technology, creates the need for a new understanding of technology adoption and use.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8326 Files in this item: 1
Gregory Gimpel.pdf (7.363Mb) -
Et eksplorativt studie af bygningers rolle i virksomheders værdiskabelseClausen, Rune Thorbjørn (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne afhandling er et eksplorativt studie af relokationen af en større dansk medievirksomhed fra en gammel kontorbygning til et nyt, skræddersyet hoveddomicil. Afhandlingen studerer, hvordan medarbejderne og deres gæster bruger bygningen, og der foreslås på den baggrund en mulig måde, hvorpå bygningers rolle i virksomheders værdiskabelser kan forstås og forklares. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8358 Files in this item: 1
Rune_Thorbjoern_Clausen.pdf (4.128Mb) -
En pragmatisk analyse af perception og synliggørelse af værdi i rekrutterings- og udvælgelsesarbejdetBrix, Ulrik Schultz (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: God og effektiv rekruttering og udvælgelse af medarbejdere fremhæves ofte som en afgørende betingelse for virksomhedernes konkurrenceevne og overlevelse, hvilket måske er årsagen til, at mange oplever denne del af HR-afdelingens arbejde som meget værdifuld. I et samarbejde mellem Center for Ledelse, Copenhagen Business School, DSB, Grundfos, LEO Pharma og Nykredit etablerede jeg et forskningsprojekt med overskriften ”værdi i rekrutterings- og udvælgelsesarbejdet” (R&U-arbejdet). Forskere og praktikere bruger meget energi på at måle og synliggøre værdi i R&U-arbejdet og afhandlingen peger på, at de hidtidige måder at gøre det på ikke nødvendigvis er de bedste. Afhandlingen argumenterer for, at værdi i R&U-arbejdet perciperes1 og opleves, det vil sige, at værdi er afhængig af konsulenternes og ledernes perception af og forventning til arbejdet. Dette gør måling og synliggørelse af værdi utrolig kompliceret, da ydelsen produceres og konsumeres samtidigt. Værdi i R&U-arbejdet er derfor dynamisk og hele tiden i bevægelse, hvilket indebærer at værdi på et tidspunkt ikke afspejler værdi på et andet tidspunkt. På grund af værdiens dynamik, bliver synliggørelsen af denne en kontinuerlig proces og et dagligt problem for konsulenter og ledere. Problemet med at synliggøre værdi er ikke blot forbeholdt R&U-arbejdet, men synes mere eller mindre at omfatte al HR-arbejdet. Afhandlingen bidrager dermed potentielt til en mere overordnet diskussion af, hvad værdi i HR-arbejdet er og hvorledes dette gøres synligt. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8016 Files in this item: 1
Ulrik_S_Brix.pdf (4.068Mb) -
End user participation between processes of organizational and architectural designVåland, Marianne Stang (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the thesis, I explore the construction of mutual links between two design processes that have traditionally been considered separated and sequentially organized: the organizational and the architectural design processes. The general background for the study is the increasing interest in space and architecture as a potential strategic vehicle that has established within contemporary management during recent years. Scholars within organization studies seem to share this interest. However, only few research contributions are based on empirical studies. My aspiration with the thesis is to contribute to fill this gap. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8002 Files in this item: 1
Marianne_Stang_Vaaland.pdf (6.755Mb) -
Technological innovation and the role of regulation by law in information systems research: The case of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)Ronzani, Daniel (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper-based thesis attempts to answer the question how the adoption and diffusion of RFID can be balanced successfully between technological innovation and regulation by law. To answer this question, an abductive reasoning perspective has been applied. The first premise of abduction includes four sets of observations presented in four articles; the second premise of abduction includes two hypothetical claims, and the third premise of abduction builds the case, i.e., concludes the thesis. As first step, the definitional framework is established. Ten theories of adoption and diffusion of technological innovation (TRA, TPB, MPCU, SCT, TAM, TAM2, C-TAM-TPB, IDT, PCI, and UTAUT) and their characteristics are investigated. They frame the technological viewpoint. Then, the reasons for regulation (public interest theory, private interest theory, and institutionalist theory) as well as the means of regulation (regulation by law, norms, market, and architecture) and their application are investigated. They frame the regulatory viewpoint. As second step, four observations are made that constitute the first premise of abduction based on the findings of four individual research articles referred to as the Database Article, Marketing Article, Modality Mix Article, and Survey Article: Database Article: This research article evaluates the strategic advantage of placing RFID databases in certain territorial and jurisdictional regions based on database regulation. The analysis of the database regulation by law in Europe and North America revealed that, based on the creativity, skill and judgement, and investment doctrine, they do not protect RFID data in databases. It is claimed that protection of RFID data in databases should be regulated by other means of regulation, for instance, by regulation by norms or architecture. Observation 1 stipulates: Despite the amount of data anticipated to be stored and the regulation by law in the different countries where RFID is adopted and diffused, the location of the databases containing RFID data does not seem to play an important role for the technological innovator. Marketing Article: This research article applies a legal use case for the technological innovations marketed by the industry as active RFID tags. The analysis of the RFID industry’s marketing efforts and the unfavourable regulation by law is possible, and likely. Adopting the broad legal interpretation of self-emitting devices (short-range devices) to RFID tags that need to transduce energy from an RFID reader (active RFID tags) might allow the search and seizure of transmitted RFID data without a warrant to be in line with the constitutional rights. It is claimed that within the RFID industry there should be more awareness of regulation by legislation and adjudication. Observation 2 stipulates: Extending the doctrinal definition of active RFID tags to include reader-independent and indiscriminate signalling might lead to unfavourable regulation by law. Modality Mix Article: This research article offers a reflection on how law must manage the evolution of technological innovation. The analysis of the Draft Recommendation (2008) by the European Commission shows that the focus on regulation by law is inappropriate for a manageable diffusion of RFID technology. An over-regulation of RFID technology by regulation by law is possible if the Draft Recommendation (2008) is implemented and comes into force. It is claimed that a more diverse set of modalities (regulation by norms, market, and architecture) is necessary to successfully regulate RFID technology. Observation 3 stipulates: The current adoption and diffusion of RFID technology do not seem to be following an appropriate mix of regulation. Survey Article: This research article provides a reverse perspective of current RFID issues by examining the RFID industry’s view of regulation by law and consumers. The analysis of the survey data of the RFID industry shows three shortcomings by the RFID industry in its engagement of legal experts, its knowledge of regulation by law for RFID subject-matter, and its information policy to the general public. It is claimed that the exchange between the RFID industry and the legal regulator needs to improve. Observation 4 stipulates: The interaction between, and consequently also the exchange of expert know-how and standpoints of, (i) the RFID industry and the legal regulator and (ii) the RFID industry and the consumers seem insufficient. As third step, two hypothetical claims are made as second premise of abduction based on a literature review of characteristics of adoption and diffusion of technological innovation in IS research, namely IT, EDI, and RFID. First, the research shows that in IS research there are only a few regulation-by-law characteristics (5 of 150 different characteristics). Thus, a first hypothetical claim is made that in IS research there is a lack of legal perspectives. Second, the research shows that in IS research there are even fewer characteristics of other regulatory means, such as for example, social norms, market or architecture. Thus a second hypothetical claim is made that in IS research there is a lack of diversity in regulation of technological innovation. Finally, a case is built as third premise of abduction. It seems possible to conclude that (i) based on observation 1 and hypothetical claim 2, increasing the diversity of regulation modalities might have a positive effect on the strategic management decisions for the location of RFID systems; (ii) based on observation 2 and hypothetical claim 1, increasing the legal perspective in IS research might have a positive effect on the RFID industry’s marketing strategy; (iii) based on observation 3 and hypothetical claim 2, a more thorough and precise review of essential regulation by law is necessary; and (iv) based on observation 4 and hypothetical claim 1, increasing the legal perspective in IS research might have a positive effect on the RFID industry’s awareness of the legal challenges and their consequences. It is suggested that the four cases (conclusions) built in this thesis provide a solid foundation for the following four hypotheses that can be further tested with additional empirical data: 1. Increasing the diversity of regulation modalities has a positive effect on the strategic management decisions for the deployment location of technological innovation. 2. Increasing the legal perspective in IS research has a positive effect on the marketing strategy for technological innovation. 3. Increasing the thoroughness and precision in the review of essential regulation by law has a positive effect on other regulatory tools for technological innovation. 4. Increasing the legal perspective in IS research has a positive effect on the industry’s awareness of the legal challenges and their consequences. Therefore, to prevent bits from falling once they have learned to walk, the legal perspective of regulation in IS research as well as the diverse implementation of regulation in IS research should probably be increased. Such an increase might augment the awareness for the potential of regulation in technological innovation, which, in turn, might foster the adoption and diffusion of RFID. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7930 Files in this item: 1
Daniel_Ronzani.pdf (12.19Mb) -
On the Vulnerability of Diversity ManagementMuhr, Sara Louise (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne afhandling handler om mangfoldighed og etik. Mere specifikt sætter den spørgsmålstegn ved mangfoldighedsledelsens etiske fundament. Mangfoldighed ønskes ledet med det udgangspunkt, at det er et etisk anliggende. Det er etisk korrekt at sørge for ligestilling, at tilgodese minoriteter og dermed at opbygge en arbejdsplads, der er social ansvarlig. Dette etiske ønske betvivler jeg ikke, men jeg sætter spørgsmålstegn ved det etiske grundsyn. Mangfoldighedsledelse beror på etiske retninger som utilitarisme, deontologi og dydsetik. Denne afhandling argumenterer derfor for et skift mod en nærhedsetik, der tager udgangspunkt i Levinas’ lære om respekten for den Andens uendelige andethed. Derved argumenterer denne afhandling, at når forskelligheder på denne måde tydeliggøres og kategoriseres, øges fokus på forskellighederne—oftest negativt—i stedet for at tilgodese dem for hvad de i virkeligheden er. Afhandlingen konkluderes ved at sætte fokus på skrøbelighed. Først på den skrøbelighed i mangfoldighedsledelseslitteraturen, som ’kalder’ på etisk afbrydelse, derved på skrøbeligheden i den Sydafrikanske situation, og til sidst på den skrøbelighed jeg som forfatter har overfor min egen tekst. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7736 Files in this item: 1
Sara_Louise_Muhr.pdf (1.458Mb)
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