Browsing Working papers by Title
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Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A concern with teams was central to early attempts to grasp the nature of the firm, but fell out of favor in later work. We encourage a return to the emphasis on teams, but argue that the idea of teams as central to the nature of the firm needs to be grounded in an appreciation of the importance of We frames and group agency. We use converging insights from evolutionary anthropology, cognitive social psychology and work on team agency to develop such a grounding, and link it to the issues of the existence and boundaries of firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8362 Files in this item: 1
Nicolai_J_Foss_SMG_2011.pdf (345.3Kb) -
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Abstract: In this work, it is proposed to consider the evolution of markets for technological innovative products as a co-evolutionary process, where the product characteristics are the results of the interaction between producers technological advances and buyers’ preferences evolution. A methodological discussion identifies some necessary properties for a model to study this issue. A model of technological competition is developed, and its results discussed, to test a possible implementation of the supply side of the co-evolutionary process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8106 Files in this item: 1
x644792530.pdf (1.008Mb) -
A Property Rights Perspective on The Nature of The FirmFoss, Kirsten (Frederiksberg, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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A Property Rights Perspective on The Nature of the FirmFoss, Kirsten (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper develops a property rights perspective on the nature of the firm. The basic idea is that learning by doing in production and coordination stem from experience in production and that user rights over productive assets are necessary in order to accumulate the experience needed to perform improvements in production. Accumulation of skills from learning by doing in production is accelerated by specialization in production. However, specialization introduces greater complexity and new kinds of tools and equipment and this creates uncertainty about the best way of coordinating specialized interdependent activities. The result may be bottlenecks in production and uneven development of components. Experimenting in coordination is necessary in order to eliminate these problems. It is argued that the Coasian notion of firms where coordination is provided by the direction of managers provides a cheap way of conducting the experiments needed to collect information on how best to coordinate interdependent activities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8103 Files in this item: 1
x645030758.pdf (120.7Kb) -
Munar, Ana María (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A development in Information and Communication Technologies promising to have a large impact on tourism is the phenomenon known as the Web 2.0. A key to this development is the encouraging of interactivity due to User Generated Content (UGC). This paper focuses on a specific type of UGC: Tourist Created Content (TCC). Based on an exploratory examination of the Web and an extensive analysis of the content, the study systematizes the knowledge about TCC, presents a classification system and provides an overview of its characteristics. The paper shows the processes that allow the tourist to digitalize content and reveals how TCC relates to the cultures of the Internet and shapes the tourism experience. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8034 Files in this item: 1
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van Dijk, Machiel, Önder Nomaler (frederiksberg, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: By focussing on cumulativeness and spillover effects of technological knowledge, theories on technological regimes are predominantly supply side oriented in explaining industrial dynamics. This paper introduces demand side considerations as an additional explanation for industrial dynamics. Given variations in consumer preferences over quality and network sizes of technologies, and different degrees of compatibility between succeeding technologies, we investigate how the resulting differences in the timing and frequency of new technology adoptions effect the industrial dynamics. The simulation results of the model indeed suggest a relationship between different patterns of new technology adoptions and the dynamics of the firm population. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8080 Files in this item: 1
8778730902.pdf (195.2Kb) -
A Paradigmatic ApproachLlerena, Patrick; Matt, Mireille (Frederiksberg, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The main objective of the paper is to provide an analytical framework based on evolutionary arguments, explaining the role and rationale of technology policies based on inter-organisation cooperations. We try to combine different arguments developped in the literature in order to define a coherent approach of technology policies : organisational, failure and paradigmatic approaches. We will argue that the role of technological policies and their design are contingent on whether knowledge creation emerges in an existing technological paradigm or will be at the origin of a new one. In the first part of the paper, we will define two broad kinds of cooperative policy : one (pre-paradigmatic) devoted to create radically new knowledge by exploring new avenues in order to initiate a new technological paradigm and the other (paradigmatic) devoted to create new knowledge by using exploitation mechanisms in order to maintain technological options and variety, inducing innovation and reducing negative lock-in effects. We specify also for each situation the kind of intervention (coordination, institutional structure) compatible with the objective of the policy. In the second part of the paper, we will illustrate our theoretical arguments by focusing on two types of cooperative programme : one devoted to create a new knowledge base in a pre-paradigmatic phase (the development of a digital switching system in France) and the other more devoted to foster knowledge in existing paradigms (the case of Brite-Euram). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8084 Files in this item: 1
8778730864.pdf (82.27Kb) -
the role of relational research capacityCusmano, Lucia (Frederiksberg, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Evolutionary theories of technological change and industrial dynamics give primary importance to interaction between heterogeneous agents, endowed with complementary assets and competencies. Accordingly, support to co-operative R&D is central to technology policy, as a mean for increasing system connectivity, triggering virtuous cycles of learning and promoting variety. The paper investigates the “chemistry of technological co-operation”, relating its effectiveness and results to the partners’ relational research capacity, i.e. their ability to evaluate, integrate, process and exploit knowledge flows generated by the interaction. A functional specification for the relational research capacity is proposed and its properties are investigated. The formal analysis works as a guideline for the statement of research hypothesis related to the effectiveness of co-operative R&D programmes, to be tested on empirical grounds. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8083 Files in this item: 1
8778730872.pdf (187.5Kb) -
Or how materials produce degrees of humanity in strategic research and practiceTryggestad, Kjell (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this article is to inquire into the possible significance of materials in the production of emerging strategic outcomes. The article first sets out to discuss the different ways contemporary strategy research define the identity of strategic actors. It is argued that the various schools of strategy research, although different in important respects, operate with a common human centered assumption: Humanity is treated as given – the strategic actor or subject is assumed to be an individual human or a collective of humans. By adding the possible significance of materials and other non-human entities to the explanatory repertoire of strategy research, another line of inquiry is pursued. The performative perspective thus proposed, is inspired by the classical work of Von Clausewitz and the recent anthropology of science, technology and organizational identities. In the proposed perspective, the human centered assumption is no longer just a premise for doing strategy research, but instead considered an interesting emerging outcome to be explained. Further more, the performative perspective allows strategy research to extend the notion of emergent strategies so as to include the possible significance of materials and other non-human entities in the explanation of 2 emerging strategic identities and outcomes. Hence, also a new task has been added to strategy research: To explain how emerging strategic identities – consisting of both humans and non-humans, are produced as part of strategic outcomes. Three cases are presented, each of them with a particular bearing on how materials participate in the making of emerging strategic identities and outcomes: The first case account for strategies transforming plans into anti-plans. This is a case of how a strategic plan is betrayed (or rejected) by an emerging collective consisting of both humans and diverse materials like a paper inscription and heavy machinery. The second case account for how the emerging twin identities of the strategic management subject and the human object are co-produced in interaction with a machine delegate. Finally, the third case account for how the strategic technology and the strategic collective emerge and co-produce each other as a macro-actor, only to become transformed in unexpected ways - as common technology and reflective human subjects. In the concluding section, it is argued that the humanity of the reflective human subject should be regarded as an emerging identity, co-produced in interaction with diverse materials like machinery. It is further argued that strategy research has slowly written out Von Clausewitz original insight in this respect. The complexity Von Clausewitz introduced with the notion of ‘degrees of humanity’ has been replaced with a given humanity, yet the costs of doing so remain outside the frames of contemporary strategy research. Failing to attend to the possible significance of materials in producing degrees of humanity has made strategy research as much producers of strategic outcomes, as providers of explanations and observations. The expression ‘technological strategy as macro-actor’ summarizes these findings and the associated implications for research and practice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6699 Files in this item: 1
working paper 2003 no.25.pdf (417.5Kb) -
issues, frames and conceptsRai, Sudhanshu; Belle, Jean-Paul van; Pedersen, Mogens Kuhn (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: remains a major preoccupation of governments, non-government organisations, international funding agencies and technologists. In the past developmental strategists and policy makers have conceptualised development as an instance of capacity building (Thursby et al. 2009) where technology transfer in particular has been considered primarily as a diffusion process (José et al. 2009). Technology in this case, is introduced because it is seen to be a benevolent lever for human development (Musa et al. 2005). In this paper we will develop an alternative argument to the benevolence thesis predicating its success or failure in a local context on the nature of the cocreation process and the facilitation of a parallel market where the outcomes of the co-creation process can be exchanged. The paper aims to conceptualise co-creation as an alternative to technology transfer and demonstrate how co-creation of ICT innovation can enable the emergence of future markets. We argue how our conception of the co-creation of future markets using ICT can be a novel way to think of technology transfer for sustained social economic development. The first part of the paper will be a framing exercise i.e. it will describe the boundaries within which co-creation operates, what we understand by co-creation and how it may help bring about a future market around a locus. This locus is enabled by generative ideas, provides the catalysts for new and novel solutions; has the ability to construct artefacts and the power to sustain the dissemination of the virtues’ of the created artefact(s). We then explain how generative ideas combine with construction motives supported by an instructive environment that will facilitate and sustain the co-creation process. Finally we will explain how technology can be identified, modified for uptake and diffusion for creating future markets. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8062 Files in this item: 1
WP_5.pdf (277.0Kb) -
Hjort, Katrin Erna; Novak, Lis; Salskov-Iversen, Dorte; Werther, Charlotte (København, 1996)[More information][Less information]
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Bülow-Møller, Anne Marie (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Abstract: Temamøder er blevet en populær kommunikationsform i forvaltningerne, for kommunerne skal i dialog med interessenterne. Men hvilke normer gælder for samtalen på et temamøde, og er der fremtid i denne type møde? Kan kommunerne opbygge en debatkultur og finde et fælles sprog, som interne og eksterne aktører kan trække på og forstå? Denne artikel undersøger spørgsmålene ved at kombinere Norman Faircloughs diskursordensbegreb, Stephen Toulmins argumentmodel og Robert Bales’ Interaction Process Ana-lysis med Jürgen Habermas’ diskursetik i en undersøgelse af autentisk dialog i en kommunal organisation. Og konklusionen er, at videnskabens diskursorden er et godt ’rum’ for dialog med interessenter. Men dialog om videnskab er en kommunikationsform, der kræver planlægning og træning. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6856 Files in this item: 1
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Milhøj, Anders; la Cour, Lisbeth Funding (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We study aggregation - or sample frequencies - of time series, e.g. aggregation from weekly to monthly or quarterly time series. Aggregation usually gives shorter time series but spurious phenomena, in e.g. daily observations, can on the other hand be avoided. An important issue is the effect of aggregation on the adjustment coefficient in cointegrated systems. We study only first order vector autoregressive processes for n dimensional time series Xt, and we illustrate the theory by a two dimensional and a four dimensional model for prices of various grades of gasoline. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7605 Files in this item: 1
wp14-06.pdf (567.4Kb) -
The Effects of International Trade Fairs, Conventions and Other Professional GatheringsMaskell, Peter; Bathelt, Harald; Malmberg, Anders (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Business people and professionals regularly come together at conventions, congresses, conferences, trade fairs and exhibitions. Here, their latest and most advanced findings, inventions and products are revealed and evaluated by peers and competitors, as well as by customers and suppliers. Organising or participating in such events are means to identify the current market frontier, take stock of relative competitive positions and form future plans. These events exhibit many of the characteristics ascribed to permanent clusters, albeit in a temporary, periodic and intensified form. The temporary clusters are hotspots of intense knowledge exchange, network building and idea generation. In investigating the extent and nature of these phenomena, the present paper explores a number of issues. First, it shows that international trade fairs and other professional gatherings are events which enable firms to compare their own products with others which are available to the world market. Comparisons to and interactions with other firms stimulate processes of knowledge creation. Second, it demonstrates how trade fairs are important for firms when selecting partners with whom to develop global pipelines, enabling access to distant markets and technologies. Third, it compares such temporary clusters with permanent territorial hubs within their respective sector or industry. If regular participation in temporary clusters could satisfy a firm’s need to learn through interaction with suppliers, customers, peers and rivals, why is the phenomenon of permanent clustering so pervasive? The answer, it is claimed, lies in the restrictions imposed on economic activity when knowledge and ideas are transformed into valuable products and services. The paper sheds new light on how interaction among firms in current clusters coincides with the configuration of knowledge-intensive pipelines out of the cluster. It examines the procedures selected by firms in developing ideas or gaining access to new knowledge and compares these organisational forms to those chosen when using knowledge for commercial purposes. Keywords: economic geography, knowledge creation, clusters, temporary clusters, trade fairs, conventions, pipelines JEL-codes: D83, L22, O17, O18, R12 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7222 Files in this item: 1
2004-04.pdf (1.004Mb) -
foreign investment in emerging marketsMøllgaard, H. Peter; Overgaard, Per Baltzer (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Asymmetric information and fear of acquiring a 'lemon' may explain the paucity of foreign investment in emerging market economies. If investors are uncertain about the profitability of investments, intrinsically inefficient, temporary partnerships or joint ventures may serve as mechanisms through which information is transmitted. Temporary partnerships with joint in- vestments by the domestic firm and the foreign investor, together with a buy-out option to the investor, can be used to separate good and bad invest- ment prospects in equilibrium. However, non-revealing equilibria may exist. Implications for foreign direct investment are traced and briefly related to the experience of transition economies. Keywords: investment, complementary assets, partnerships, joint ventures and licensing, costly signaling JEL: D8, F2, L14, O12 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7496 Files in this item: 1
1998_10.pdf (1.238Mb) -
M Burton, Richard; Lauridsen, Jørgen; Obel, Børge (Odense, 1999)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Climate is the atmosphere of the organization, a “relatively enduring quality of the internal environment of an organization, which is experienced by its members and influences their behavior.” The organizational climate can be measured in terms of trust, morale, conflict, equity in rewards, leader credibility, resistance to change and scapegoating. Using a factor analysis, we found that the organizational climate can be described in two dimensions: “tension” and the resistance to change for a group of 245 Danish companies. High tension involves strained relationships, stress and a balance of the combined factors. High resistance to change is a preference for tomorrow to be like today. Change management has a long history and rests fundamentally upon Lewin’s three phases: unfreeze, change and re-freeze. More recently, change management is seen as sensemaking and the creation of an organizational reality in which change is more usual and continuous. Using the competing values framework, four organizational climates emerge: S internal process, which is high on tension and resistance to change, S rational goal, which is high on tension and low on resistance to change, S developmental, which is low on tension and low on resistance to change, and S group, which is low on tension and high on resistance to change. The managerial implications are complex For a fast paced world, the resistance to change must be low. Lewinian episodic change is difficult, slow and costly. Continuous change can be managed, where change becomes the norm of the organization. However, tension does not have to be low. Individuals may prefer a low tension organization, but it may not be necessary for a fast paced world. Further, since the two dimensions are independent, managers cannot reduce tension as a means to reduce the resistance to change. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8129 Files in this item: 1
8791023025.pdf (56.52Kb) -
a survey with special focus on KazakhstanMeyer, Klaus E.; Pind, Christina (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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Mygind, Niels (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Armerin, Frederik; Björk, Tomas; Astrup Jensen, Bjarne (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We investigate the possibility of an arbitrage free model for the term structure of interest rates where the yield curve only changes through a parallel shift. We consider HJM type forward rate models driven by a multidimensionalWiener process as well as by a general marked point process. Within this general framework we show that there does indeed exist a large variety of nontrivial parallel shift term structure models, and we also describe these in detail. We also show that there exists no nontrivial flat term structure model. The same analysis is repeated for the similar case, where the yield curve only changes through proportional shifts. Key words: bond market, term structure of interest rates, flat term structures. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7137 Files in this item: 1