Research documents Titler
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Østrup, Finn (København, 2005)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The article analyses how government spending is determined under different exchange rate regimes in the context of a small open economy. Assuming nominal wage contracts which last for one period and assuming a benevolent government which determines government spending to optimise a representative individual’s utility, it is demonstrated that there are differences between exchange rate regimes with respect to the level of government spending. These differences arise first because a rise in government spending affects macroeconomic variables differently under different exchange rate regimes, and second because the government’s inclination to expand government spending is affected by inflation which depends on the exchange rate regime. At low rates of inflation, the government is inclined to set a higher level of government spending under a fixed exchange rate regime than under a floating exchange rate regime in which the monetary authority optimises preferences which include an employment target and an inflation target. As government spending affects the representative individual’s utility, the choice of exchange rate regime has an impact on welfare. Keywords: exchange rate regimes; fiscal policy; monetary union; inflation targeting. JEL classicification: E42, E61, E62, F33. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7140 Filer i denne post: 1
endeligt_wp_2005-1.pdf (290.0Kb) -
An Organizational Change PerspectiveM Burton, Richard; Lauridsen, Jørgen; Obel, Børge (Odense, 1999)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We present the concept of organizational misfit as a complement to multi-contingency theory fit concepts for organizational performance. Firms with misfits have opportunity losses that firms without misfits do not suffer. Using data from 232 small and medium sized Danish firms, we confirm the hypotheses that firms with either or both situational and contingency misfits have lower performance increases than firms without misfits. Further, a firm may not obtain increased performance from the elimination of misfits piecemeal, but will obtain significant nonlinear positive increases when misfits are fixed within a holistic or systems approach. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8130 Filer i denne post: 1
8791023009.pdf (2.604Mb) -
Lund-Thomsen, Peter (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Et aktør-netværksteoretisk ledelsesstudie af politiske evalueringsreformers betydning for ledelse i den danske folkeskoleGylling Olesen, Kristian (Frederiksberg, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Med en række evalueringsreformer har danske politikere siden sen-80´erne forsøgt at gøre op med lærernes autonome undervisning for at få lærere til gennem evalueringer at forbedre elevernes læring. I 90´erne blev der bl.a. introduceret frivillige kvalitetsprogrammer og teamarbejde, og i 00´erne fulgte nationale læringsmål, -test og skriftlige elevplaner. Mere indflydelse til skolelederen er blevet set som et politisk svar på, hvordan evalueringsreformerne kan blive gennemført ude i skolerne, så eleverne lærer mere. Samtidig har den evidensbaserede skoleledelsesforskning givet en række svar på, hvilke generelle ledelsespraktikker og succesfulde personlighedstræk hos skoleledere der kan fremme elevernes læring og faglige udbytte i folkeskolen. Ifølge denne ph.d.-afhandling er den politiske og evidensbaserede forståelse af skoleledelse for entydig. Afhandlingen argumenterer i stedet for, at skoleledelse ikke opstår entydigt eller klart, når politikerne introducerer nye evalueringsreformer i folkeskolen. Der er snarere tale om, at skoleledelse opstår forskelligt og med skiftende aktører – skoleledelse emergerer flertydigt. I lokale kontekster spiller en række forhold ind og får betydning for, hvem der leder hvem, hvordan, hvor og hvornår. Ud fra et toårigt studie i to folkeskoler på den københavnske vestegn og med brug af aktør-netværksteori undersøger afhandlingen, hvordan forskelligt praktisk udstyr og taktiske manøvrer ud fra lokale dagsordner oversætter de politiske evalueringsreformer ude i skolerne, og hvad disse oversættelser betyder for flertydig og emergerende ledelse. Skolerne, som i afhandlingen bliver kaldt ABC Skolen og Byskolen, er blevet undersøgt med interviews, fotos og logs samt observationer. Afhandlingen er en artikelafhandling, som består af tre videnskabelige artikler udarbejdet på engelsk og en dansk ramme, der introducerer afhandlingen, præsenterer baggrundsanalyser, reviewer dansk og international skoleledelseslitteratur, udvikler ledelsesanalytik og metodisk setup samt præsenterer analysestrategiske valg og foretager en samlende konklusion. Den teoretiske inspiration kommer primært fra aktør-netværksteori (Bruno Latour, Michel Callon og John Law). Samtidig inddrager afhandlingen Mats Alvesson og Andrew Spicers (2010) flertydighedscentrerede ledelsesanalytik samt postbureaukratisk ledelsesteori, teori om evaluering og læringsledelse samt teori om ledelse med social kapital. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8979 Filer i denne post: 1
Kristian_Gylling_Olesen.pdf (4.044Mb) -
Melatos, Mark; Dunn, Stephanie (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: A key characteristic of any trade bloc is its “flexibility” – the extent to which it can be modified or augmented by existing members. This paper investigates how prospective trade bloc members value the flexibility of proposed trade agreements in a changing trading environment. We demonstrate that country characteristics as well as the nature of the trade shock influence a nation’s desire for trade bloc flexibility. Our model of endogenous coalition formation yields predictions that are consistent with three stylized facts which characterize regionalism: (i) overlapping trade agreements, (ii) the popularity of free trade areas relative to customs unions and (iii) renegotiation or disbandment of existing trade agreements is rare. Finally, for the first time in the literature, we provide clear predictions about the identity of “hub” and “spoke” trade bloc members when overlapping free trade areas arise in equilibrium. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8069 Filer i denne post: 1
wp2-2010.pdf (192.9Kb) -
Koskela, Erkki; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In European Welfare States, low-skilled workers are typically unionized, while the wage formation of high-skilled workers is more competitive. To focus on this aspect, we analyze how flexible international outsourcing and labour taxation affect wage formation, employment and welfare in dual domestic labour markets. Higher productivity of outsourcing, lower cost of outsourcing and lower factor price of outsourcing increase wage dispersion between the high-skilled and low-skilled workers. Increasing wage tax progression of low-skilled workers decreases the wage rate and increases the labour demand of low-skilled workers. It decreases the welfare of lowskilled workers and increases both the welfare of high-skilled workers and the profit of firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7696 Filer i denne post: 1
dp 2008-15.pdf (183.1Kb) -
Obed Madsen, Søren (Frederiksberg, 2012)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Although a strategy, in theory, should help the organization to move in the same direction by showing a direction for the organization, in practice the strategy increases the number of possible paths, as managers translate the strategy into their own context. This increases the number of strategies in the organization, and it becomes difficult to get an overview of the interaction and relationships between the translated strategies. The managers distinguish between the different parts of the strategy, such as the abstract words or intention, and the concrete as targets and projects. Managers use the various parts of the strategy in different contexts, but still speak about "strategy" even if they have changed dimension like the words and KPIs. Another dimension is that the managers also perceive the strategy as correct, but irrelevant, which is linked to their distinction between the abstract and the concrete in the strategy. The abstract dimension is perceived as being true, while the effet of the strategy may be irrelevant for certain managers. The strategy is also used as documentation for senior management intentions. This allows other players to gain insight into top management's thinking, take 2 countermeasures, resist in an elegant way, or just prepare to argue his case within the logic of the strategy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8591 Filer i denne post: 1
Søren_Obed_Madsen.pdf (158.3Kb) -
Om kulturel produktion på Roskilde FestivalMunkgård Pedersen, Kristine (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The dissertation explores how cultural production is unfolding at Roskilde Festival – the biggest music- and culture festival in Denmark. The overall question being adressed is how the festival is assembled. The question is explored through four subquestions related to the cultural expressions, identity and materiality of the festival. The first part of the dissertation investigates the specificity of the festival’s audience- based culture. The symbolic and historical connections between the festival and the 1960s’ cultural activism is argued to be of an importance to the socioaesthetics, performed jointly by audience as well as performers. The dissertation further investigates how the identity of the festival is being negotiated between a number of different commercial and cultural actors: sponsors, volunteers and artists among others. The many different economic and cultural practices and values converge when the festival ground is being transformed from anonymous space to festival space embracing both cultural and commercial content. In this regard the dissertation investigates how the valuebased economic logics of subcultural production is debated and negotiated during the pratices of materializing space. It is argued that the complexity of the festival identity adds to the credibility of the festival and its many different producers. The second part of the dissertation is a socio-material analysis of two festival projects. One is the hybrid festival area Cosmopol, the other is the Orange Stage area. The analyses are based on a research agenda developed by the Actor- Network-Theory (ANT) which explores how ideas are materialised through proceses of interaction, translation and involvement. The explorations explain how subcultural attitudes, practices of transgression and oppositional identity are distributed through an ephemeral network of actors including humans (volunteers, artists, performers) and things (scenes, art works, graffiti, pictures and music) which forge performative alliances with the festival audience. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8058 Filer i denne post: 1
Kristine_Munkgaard_Pedersen.pdf (17.24Mb) -
Schachtenhaufen, Ruben (Frederiksberg, 2013)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Med udgangspunkt i det danske talesprogskorpus DanPASS undersøges tilbøjeligheden til fonetisk reduktion i dansk talesprog i forhold til en række intralingvistiske faktorer. I undersøgelsen udføres en kortlægning mellem 300.000 fonemer og foner. På baggrund af denne kortlægning er det muligt at danne et meget detaljeret billede af både hvor i sproget den fonetiske realisering afviger fra den fonologisk forudsagte form, og naturen af denne afvigelse. I afhandlingen fokuseres der på den type afvigelser der kan karakteriseres som reduktioner, dvs. svækkelse og bortfald af de enkelte lydsegmenter. De reducerede forekomster sammenlignes med de øvrige annoterede lag i korpusset, herunder grammatiske, informationsstrukturelle og prosodiske forhold. Det demonstreres at tilbøjeligheden til reduktion, såvel som reduktionernes fonetisk resultat, i høj grad er knyttet til lingvistisk faktorer, såsom ordklasse, grammatisk funktion, ny vs. kendt information, fokus, emfase mm. foruden en række fonologiske faktorer. Reduktioner bliver ofte betragtet som sprogligt ukrudt, men på baggrund af den systematiske sammenhæng med informationsbærende elementer i sproget, virker det rimeligt at betragte reduktioner som funktionelle elementer, der er understøttende for kommunikationen snarere end forstyrrende. I afhandlingen udforskes og dokumenteres en række tilbøjeligheder som ikke tidligere er undersøgt i dansk, og kun sparsomt i internationale sammenhænge. Herigennem opnås et dybere indblik i dansk lydstruktur og de mønstre som reduktioner generelt ser ud til at følge. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8676 Filer i denne post: 1
Ruben_Schachtenhaufen.pdf (2.520Mb) -
International Competition and Industrial Districts in the Italian Fottwear IndustryLorentzen, Jochen (København, 2003)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: ABSTRACT The paper analyses the effect on manufacturers in Italy’s footwear districts of international competition, and investigates the underresearched nature of the link between international competition and the internal cohesion of districts. It addresses if and how global competition provokes the (partial) geographic fragmentation of local supply chains, dislocating select local parts manufacturers in its wake. The findings suggest that when international competition threatens the viability of local production, firms with the requisite organisational capabilities delocalise parts of the value chain. This helps them to retain competitive advantages but it also reduces agglomeration. This insight should inform regional development policy. Keywords: Industrial districts, footwear industry, international competition, delocalisation URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6552 Filer i denne post: 1
jl-wp7-2003.pdf (1.046Mb) -
Sestoft, Christine (Frederiksberg, 2009)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: E-business is marching on in several markets, but not in one important one: the grocery market. The lesson learned in the last ten, fifteen years, from brick-and-mortar supermarkets going online, is, that it is very difficult to profit from digitalizing the daily buying of groceries. All consumption research shows that online grocery business still has a lot of functional, e.g. technical and sensory, disadvantages to offline ditto. Apparently it is not much easier to plan, choose and buy groceries online than in the traditional retailer/supermarket. Some of the relative few experienced grocery consumers supports the theory that one may save some time and effort getting ones groceries packed and delivered, but to the majority this is obviously just not good enough, especially when accounting the delivery fee. However, the functional disadvantage explanation cannot stand alone as an answer to why online grocery business is not more of a success - and it may even be overrated. New sales channels have always had the "disadvantage" of not functioning like/as good as the old ones. To me, another interesting issue to the subject seems to be about consumer values and how their practising is not supported in this new sales channel.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7737 Filer i denne post: 1
Christine_sestoft.pdf (1.323Mb) -
Giver øget præferencebevidsthed klarere præferencer?Viktor, Smith; Sørensen, Henrik Selsøe; Qvistgaard, Francoise; Madsen, Mai Hviid; Green-Petersen, Ditte (Frederiksberg, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9107 Filer i denne post: 1
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[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Artiklen indeholder en diskussion af Værdipapirhandelslovens forbud mod insider handel. Der redegøres for tesen om effektive markeder. Med udgangspunkt i økonomisk teori redegøres for argumenter for et forbud. Der argumenteres for at, at insiderforbudets økonomiske berettigelsen med fordel kan støttes på tesen om effektive markeder. Det er i modsætning hertil blevet gjort gældende i den nyeste børsretlige teori, at den økonomiske teori om effektive markeder ikke er et adækvat grundlag for insider reglerne, og at denne teori bør erstattes af den såkaldte Lemon-teori, formuleret af Akerlof. Artiklen gør gældende, at det ikke er uden problemer at overføre Akerlof’s teori til de finansielle markeder, eftersom der ikke tages hensyn til markedets selvregulerende mekanismer, som mindsker problemet med asymmetrisk information. Artiklen afsluttes med en diskussion af de reguleringsmæssige konsekvenser som følge af valg af det økonomiske grundlag for insiderforbudet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6793 Filer i denne post: 1
wplefic152003.pdf (426.7Kb) -
Boldt, Linda Camilla; Vinayagamoorthy, Vinothan; Winder, Florian; Schnittger, Melanie; Ekram, Mats; Mukkamala, Raghava Rao; Lassen, Niels Buus; Flesch, Benjamin; Hussain, Abid; Vatrapu, Ravi (´Frederiksberg, 2017)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper tests whether accurate sales forecasts for Nike are possible from Facebook data and how events related to Nike affect the activity on Nike’s Facebook pages. The paper draws from the AIDA sales framework (Awareness, Interest, Desire,and Action) from the domain of marketing and employs the method of social set analysis from the domain of computational social science to model sales from Big Social Data. The dataset consists of (a) selection of Nike’s Facebook pages with the number of likes, comments, posts etc. that have been registered for each page per day and (b) business data in terms of quarterly global sales figures published in Nike’s financial reports. An event study is also conducted using the Social Set Visualizer (SoSeVi). The findings suggest that Facebook data does have informational value. Some of the simple regression models have a high forecasting accuracy. The multiple regressions have a lower forecasting accuracy and cause analysis barriers due to data set characteristics such as perfect multicollinearity. The event study found abnormal activity around several Nike specific events but inferences about those activity spikes, whether they are purely event-related or coincidences, can only be determined after detailed case-bycase text analysis. Our findings help assess the informational value of Big Social Data for a company’s marketing strategy, sales operations and supply chain. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9448 Filer i denne post: 1
2016-IEEE_BigData-NileSales_Facebook.pdf (394.7Kb) -
Engwall, Lars; Marquardt, Rolf; Pedersen, Torben; Tschoegl, Adrian E. (København, 1999)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Meyer, Klaus E.; Jensen, Camilla (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The 1990s have been a period of extraordinary politics in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This chapter discusses how the transition from state to market has created bureaucratic barriers to entry, but also windows of opportunity for foreign direct investment (FDI). The high costs and high investment risks associated with FDI in CEE are a reflection the institutional development. Thus, inflows of FDI have been largest in those countries that made most progress in establishing a market-oriented institutional framework. After outlining trends of institutional change and their impact on FDI, this chapter discusses how aspects of the institutional framework and FDI policy affect diverse types of investment projects. Acquisition and Greenfield investors are concerned with different aspects of government policy: privatization and regulatory policies for acquirers and investment incentives, regional policy and special economic zones for Greenfield investors. The shifting policy priorities have thus changed the types of projects undertaken by foreign investors in the region. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7106 Filer i denne post: 1
governmentincee_wp.pdf (84.33Kb) -
a transaction cost perspectiveHansen, Michael W. (København, 2002)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Searching for impact in Mali and South AfricaJeppesen, Soeren; Mainguy, Claire (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Little is known about impact of FDI on economic development in Africa compared to other developing countries, which the paper seeks to address by focusing on examples of impact in Mali and South Africa. The arugment put forward is that the impact has to be identified at the level of the industry or sector and the level of the firm with regard to employment effect, income generation and skills development. The mining and electricity and railway sectors in Mali are investigated and compared to the automobile industry in South Africa. The paper ends with suggestions for future investigations which can shed more light on the pertinent issues about impact of FDI in Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6760 Filer i denne post: 1
wps-2007_no.6.pdf (274.0Kb) -
Do We Observe “Creative Destruction” in China?Deng, Poul; Jefferson, Gary (Frederiksberg, 2012)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We adopt the framework of Schumpeterian creative destruction formalized by Aghion et al. (2009) to analyze the impact of foreign entry on the productivity growth of domestic firms. In the face of foreign entry, domestic firms exhibit heterogeneous patterns of growth depending on their technological distance from foreign firms. Domestic firms with smaller technological distance from their foreign counterparts tend to experience faster productivity growth, while firms with larger technological distance tend to lag further behind. We test this hypothesis using a unique firm-level data of Chinese manufacturing. Our empirical results confirm that foreign entry indeed generates strong heterogeneous growth patterns among domestic firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8594 Filer i denne post: 1
Deng_Jefferson.pdf (203.9Kb) -
A Case Study of PakistanAnwar, Amar; Mughal, Mazhar (Frederiksberg, 2016)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This study examines the differential response of various international financial flows to the post 9/11 episode of terrorism in the context of a South Asian country. Using monthly data for the period from January 2003 to December 2014, we analyze the impact of terrorism in Pakistan on the inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), portfolio investments, and migrant remittances. We find that FDI decreases substantially as a result of terrorist activity, whereas portfolio investments show little change. In contrast, migrant remittances show a significant increase. These differences are also evident in financial flows from major source regions and top sending countries. The results are robust to the use of alternative definitions and indicators of terrorism as well as the inclusion of various macroeconomic variables. These findings indicate that foreign private capital flees an economy suffering from terrorism whereas migrant remittances are the only financial flows that increase during difficult times. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9291 Filer i denne post: 1
CDP-56.pdf (381.7Kb)