Browsing Research documents by Title
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Keuschnigg, Christian; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In recent years, venture capital has increasingly become a factor in the financing of new firms. We examine how the value of mature firms determines the incentives of entrepreneurs to start up new firms and of venture capitalists to finance and advise them. We examine how capital gains taxes as well as subsidies to start-up costs of new firms affect venture capital-backed entrepreneurship. We also argue that dividend and capital gains taxes on mature firms have important consequences for start-up firms as well. JEL Classification: D82, G24, H24 and H25 Keywords: double moral hazard, entrepreneurship, taxes and venture capital URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7592 Files in this item: 1
cepr nr. 4097.pdf (464.2Kb) -
Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis; Schjelderup, Guttorm; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We examine how a multinational’s choice to centralize or de-centralize its decision structure is affected by country tax differentials. Within a simple model that emphasizes the multiple conflicting roles of transfer prices in MNEs — here, as a strategic pre-commitment device and a tax manipulation instrument —, we show that decentralization is preferred in case of small tax differentials, whereas centralization can be more profitable, when tax differentials are large. In essence, the organizational flexibility of MNEs is triggered by the scope for tax minimization. Our analysis allows for both commitment and non-commitment to transfer prices, and for alternative modes of competition. Keywords: Centralized vs. de-centralized decisions, taxes, transfer prices, MNEs. JEL-Classification: H25, F23, L23. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7509 Files in this item: 1
wp7-2006.pdf (234.3Kb) -
Keuschnigg, Christian; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper we set up a model of start-up finance under double moral hazard. Entrepreneurs lack own resources and business experience to develop their ideas. Venture capitalists can provide start-up finance and commercial support. The effort put forth by either agent contributes to the firm’s success, but is not verifiable. As a result, the market equilibrium is biased towards inefficiently low venture capital support. The capital gains tax becomes especially harmful, as it further impairs advice and causes a first-order welfare loss. Once the capital gains tax is in place, limitations on loss off-set may paradoxically contribute to higher quality of venture capital finance and welfare. Subsidies to physical investment in VC-backed startups are detrimental in our framework. Keywords: Venture capital, capital gains taxation, double moral hazard. JEL-Classification: D82, G24, H24, H25 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6821 Files in this item: 1
wplefic032003.pdf (694.8Kb) -
GreenlandVesterø Jensen, Carsten; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of Greenland's tax system and contemplates changes that may be undertaken in the future to prepare for greater economic self-reliance and for the country's participation in the wider world economy. At the outskirts of Europe, Greenland is an autonomous part of the Danish kingdom, though currently not a member of EU. However, its cooperation with European countries and its dependency on international trade renders it necessary for the tax system in Greenland to be attuned to developments in the rest of the world. Drawing on a thorough international benchmarking analysis of Greenland's tax system, the paper's special focus will be on the corporate tax system and its interplay with personal taxation, as well on as the system of import duties. In particular, we carry out computations of effective marginal and average corporate tax rates, as well as average effective tax burdens on consumption, labour income and capital income, and compare these to similar measures for EU countries. In addition, we outline how Greenland's economic policy in other areas interferes with tax policy. Especially fishery regulation, management of government-owned companies, and housing policy have major implications for the tax system. Key words: international benchmarking, effective tax rates, Greenland JEL: H20, H25 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7595 Files in this item: 1
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Nielsen, Søren Bo; Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis; Schjelderup, Guttorm (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Affectivity, schooling and poverty in MexicoBlasco, Maribel (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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Lotz, Maja (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper I explore the constructive links between co-operation, rivalry, and learning within the structure of team communities. Drawing upon social learning theory, the main purpose of this paper is to argue that both co-operation and rivalry are important triggers for mobilizing learning processes within and between teams. However, social learning theory tends to disregard the positive aspects of rivalry. Consequently, this paper will argue for the need to extend social learning theory beyond its rather harmonious learning perspective. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7369 Files in this item: 1
wp cbp 2008-55.pdf (340.5Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A concern with teams was central to early attempts to grasp the nature of the firm, but fell out of favor in later work. We encourage a return to the emphasis on teams, but argue that the idea of teams as central to the nature of the firm needs to be grounded in an appreciation of the importance of We frames and group agency. We use converging insights from evolutionary anthropology, cognitive social psychology and work on team agency to develop such a grounding, and link it to the issues of the existence and boundaries of firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8362 Files in this item: 1
Nicolai_J_Foss_SMG_2011.pdf (345.3Kb) -
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Abstract: In this work, it is proposed to consider the evolution of markets for technological innovative products as a co-evolutionary process, where the product characteristics are the results of the interaction between producers technological advances and buyers’ preferences evolution. A methodological discussion identifies some necessary properties for a model to study this issue. A model of technological competition is developed, and its results discussed, to test a possible implementation of the supply side of the co-evolutionary process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8106 Files in this item: 1
x644792530.pdf (1.008Mb) -
A Property Rights Perspective on The Nature of The FirmFoss, Kirsten (Frederiksberg, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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A Property Rights Perspective on The Nature of the FirmFoss, Kirsten (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper develops a property rights perspective on the nature of the firm. The basic idea is that learning by doing in production and coordination stem from experience in production and that user rights over productive assets are necessary in order to accumulate the experience needed to perform improvements in production. Accumulation of skills from learning by doing in production is accelerated by specialization in production. However, specialization introduces greater complexity and new kinds of tools and equipment and this creates uncertainty about the best way of coordinating specialized interdependent activities. The result may be bottlenecks in production and uneven development of components. Experimenting in coordination is necessary in order to eliminate these problems. It is argued that the Coasian notion of firms where coordination is provided by the direction of managers provides a cheap way of conducting the experiments needed to collect information on how best to coordinate interdependent activities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8103 Files in this item: 1
x645030758.pdf (120.7Kb) -
Munar, Ana María (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A development in Information and Communication Technologies promising to have a large impact on tourism is the phenomenon known as the Web 2.0. A key to this development is the encouraging of interactivity due to User Generated Content (UGC). This paper focuses on a specific type of UGC: Tourist Created Content (TCC). Based on an exploratory examination of the Web and an extensive analysis of the content, the study systematizes the knowledge about TCC, presents a classification system and provides an overview of its characteristics. The paper shows the processes that allow the tourist to digitalize content and reveals how TCC relates to the cultures of the Internet and shapes the tourism experience. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8034 Files in this item: 1
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van Dijk, Machiel, Önder Nomaler (frederiksberg, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: By focussing on cumulativeness and spillover effects of technological knowledge, theories on technological regimes are predominantly supply side oriented in explaining industrial dynamics. This paper introduces demand side considerations as an additional explanation for industrial dynamics. Given variations in consumer preferences over quality and network sizes of technologies, and different degrees of compatibility between succeeding technologies, we investigate how the resulting differences in the timing and frequency of new technology adoptions effect the industrial dynamics. The simulation results of the model indeed suggest a relationship between different patterns of new technology adoptions and the dynamics of the firm population. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8080 Files in this item: 1
8778730902.pdf (195.2Kb) -
A Paradigmatic ApproachLlerena, Patrick; Matt, Mireille (Frederiksberg, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The main objective of the paper is to provide an analytical framework based on evolutionary arguments, explaining the role and rationale of technology policies based on inter-organisation cooperations. We try to combine different arguments developped in the literature in order to define a coherent approach of technology policies : organisational, failure and paradigmatic approaches. We will argue that the role of technological policies and their design are contingent on whether knowledge creation emerges in an existing technological paradigm or will be at the origin of a new one. In the first part of the paper, we will define two broad kinds of cooperative policy : one (pre-paradigmatic) devoted to create radically new knowledge by exploring new avenues in order to initiate a new technological paradigm and the other (paradigmatic) devoted to create new knowledge by using exploitation mechanisms in order to maintain technological options and variety, inducing innovation and reducing negative lock-in effects. We specify also for each situation the kind of intervention (coordination, institutional structure) compatible with the objective of the policy. In the second part of the paper, we will illustrate our theoretical arguments by focusing on two types of cooperative programme : one devoted to create a new knowledge base in a pre-paradigmatic phase (the development of a digital switching system in France) and the other more devoted to foster knowledge in existing paradigms (the case of Brite-Euram). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8084 Files in this item: 1
8778730864.pdf (82.27Kb) -
the role of relational research capacityCusmano, Lucia (Frederiksberg, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Evolutionary theories of technological change and industrial dynamics give primary importance to interaction between heterogeneous agents, endowed with complementary assets and competencies. Accordingly, support to co-operative R&D is central to technology policy, as a mean for increasing system connectivity, triggering virtuous cycles of learning and promoting variety. The paper investigates the “chemistry of technological co-operation”, relating its effectiveness and results to the partners’ relational research capacity, i.e. their ability to evaluate, integrate, process and exploit knowledge flows generated by the interaction. A functional specification for the relational research capacity is proposed and its properties are investigated. The formal analysis works as a guideline for the statement of research hypothesis related to the effectiveness of co-operative R&D programmes, to be tested on empirical grounds. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8083 Files in this item: 1
8778730872.pdf (187.5Kb) -
Or how materials produce degrees of humanity in strategic research and practiceTryggestad, Kjell (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this article is to inquire into the possible significance of materials in the production of emerging strategic outcomes. The article first sets out to discuss the different ways contemporary strategy research define the identity of strategic actors. It is argued that the various schools of strategy research, although different in important respects, operate with a common human centered assumption: Humanity is treated as given – the strategic actor or subject is assumed to be an individual human or a collective of humans. By adding the possible significance of materials and other non-human entities to the explanatory repertoire of strategy research, another line of inquiry is pursued. The performative perspective thus proposed, is inspired by the classical work of Von Clausewitz and the recent anthropology of science, technology and organizational identities. In the proposed perspective, the human centered assumption is no longer just a premise for doing strategy research, but instead considered an interesting emerging outcome to be explained. Further more, the performative perspective allows strategy research to extend the notion of emergent strategies so as to include the possible significance of materials and other non-human entities in the explanation of 2 emerging strategic identities and outcomes. Hence, also a new task has been added to strategy research: To explain how emerging strategic identities – consisting of both humans and non-humans, are produced as part of strategic outcomes. Three cases are presented, each of them with a particular bearing on how materials participate in the making of emerging strategic identities and outcomes: The first case account for strategies transforming plans into anti-plans. This is a case of how a strategic plan is betrayed (or rejected) by an emerging collective consisting of both humans and diverse materials like a paper inscription and heavy machinery. The second case account for how the emerging twin identities of the strategic management subject and the human object are co-produced in interaction with a machine delegate. Finally, the third case account for how the strategic technology and the strategic collective emerge and co-produce each other as a macro-actor, only to become transformed in unexpected ways - as common technology and reflective human subjects. In the concluding section, it is argued that the humanity of the reflective human subject should be regarded as an emerging identity, co-produced in interaction with diverse materials like machinery. It is further argued that strategy research has slowly written out Von Clausewitz original insight in this respect. The complexity Von Clausewitz introduced with the notion of ‘degrees of humanity’ has been replaced with a given humanity, yet the costs of doing so remain outside the frames of contemporary strategy research. Failing to attend to the possible significance of materials in producing degrees of humanity has made strategy research as much producers of strategic outcomes, as providers of explanations and observations. The expression ‘technological strategy as macro-actor’ summarizes these findings and the associated implications for research and practice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6699 Files in this item: 1
working paper 2003 no.25.pdf (417.5Kb) -
issues, frames and conceptsRai, Sudhanshu; Belle, Jean-Paul van; Pedersen, Mogens Kuhn (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: remains a major preoccupation of governments, non-government organisations, international funding agencies and technologists. In the past developmental strategists and policy makers have conceptualised development as an instance of capacity building (Thursby et al. 2009) where technology transfer in particular has been considered primarily as a diffusion process (José et al. 2009). Technology in this case, is introduced because it is seen to be a benevolent lever for human development (Musa et al. 2005). In this paper we will develop an alternative argument to the benevolence thesis predicating its success or failure in a local context on the nature of the cocreation process and the facilitation of a parallel market where the outcomes of the co-creation process can be exchanged. The paper aims to conceptualise co-creation as an alternative to technology transfer and demonstrate how co-creation of ICT innovation can enable the emergence of future markets. We argue how our conception of the co-creation of future markets using ICT can be a novel way to think of technology transfer for sustained social economic development. The first part of the paper will be a framing exercise i.e. it will describe the boundaries within which co-creation operates, what we understand by co-creation and how it may help bring about a future market around a locus. This locus is enabled by generative ideas, provides the catalysts for new and novel solutions; has the ability to construct artefacts and the power to sustain the dissemination of the virtues’ of the created artefact(s). We then explain how generative ideas combine with construction motives supported by an instructive environment that will facilitate and sustain the co-creation process. Finally we will explain how technology can be identified, modified for uptake and diffusion for creating future markets. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8062 Files in this item: 1
WP_5.pdf (277.0Kb) -
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en analyse af diskussionen omkring indførelse af EPJ på en hospitalsafdelingSchnack, Morten (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to analyse how the implementation of electronic patient records (EPR) may affect cross-disciplinary clinical practice in a particular hospital department. The thesis presents a modified discourse analysis, a technology analysis, and some reflections on power. Using nineteen interviews of doctors and nurses in the Paediatric Department of Hvidovre Hospital, it emphasizes those actions in relation to the implementation of EPR that may either hinder or foster cross-disciplinary co-operation between doctors and nurses. The general pattern is that EPR fosters mono-disciplinarity, even though the management’s ambitions in regard to EPR had been to foster crossdisciplinarity. The overall conclusion of the thesis is that EPR has the capacity to open a space for cross-disciplinarity. The changes in the documentation practices of the doctors and the nurses that follow from the implementation of EPR have also brought changes in their communication and decision-making processes. This can be seen especially when they prepare for regular rounds, during rounds, and in the subsequent documentation of rounds. Also, the changes in both the structures of communication and the processes of decision-making do not seem to result in fundamental task slippage between the doctors and the nurses because the doctor maintains ultimate authority and responsibility in regard to diagnosis, prescriptions, and treatment plans, while the nurses remain responsible for patient care (nursing) and keeping the doctors informed. Like the paper-based patient record, EPR expresses the rationality of medical science but, unlike the paper-based patient record, the doctors no longer hold a monopoly on the expression of this rationality. The thesis focuses on the spaces of conduct that arise as a result of the managing doctor’s political intention to use the transformation of patient record technology as an occasion for managers and professionals to reconsider how they have hitherto organized the routines and tasks in the department. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7129 Files in this item: 1
morten_schnack.pdf (5.242Mb) -
Hjort, Katrin Erna; Novak, Lis; Salskov-Iversen, Dorte; Werther, Charlotte (København, 1996)[More information][Less information]