Browsing Research documents by Title
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Junge, Martin; Severgnini, Battista; Sørensen, Anders (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper investigates the importance of the educational mix of employees at the firm level for the probability of firms being involved in innovation activities. We distinguish between four types of innovation: product, process, organisational, and marketing innovation. Moreover, we consider three different types of education for employees with at least 16 years of schooling: technical sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Furthermore, we examine the influence of these different innovation activities on firm productivity. Using a rotating panel data sample of Danish firms, we find that different types of innovations are related to distinct educational types. Moreover, we find that firms that adopt product and marketing innovation are more productive than firms that adopt product innovation but not marketing innovation and firms that adopt marketing innovation but not product innovation. In addition, firms that adopt organisational and process innovation demonstrate greated productivity levels than forms that adopt organisational innovation but not process innovation that again demonstrate greater productivity than firms that do not adopt process innovation but not organisational innovation. Finally, we establish that product and marketing innovation as well as organisational and process innovation are complementary inputs using formal tests for supermodularity. Complementarity can be rejected for all other pairs of innovation types. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8498 Files in this item: 1
Junge_Severgnini_Sørensen.pdf (517.4Kb) -
short sales, price pressure, and the stock price response to convertible bond callsBechmann, Ken L. (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Sloth Andersen, Esben (Aalborg, 1996)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The evolutionary model presented in this paper depicts an industrial sector with a varying degree of economic roundaboutness, i.e. vertical division of labour between producers and users of different types of intermediate products that are ultimately used for the production of a single final product. To include this vertical aspect of industrial dynamics, the model adds the concept of production trees to the evolutionary models of Schumpeterian competition. The specification of this concept suggests the use of the notions of graph theory and the related algorithms of computer science in the treatment of industrial novelty, including structural innovations. Although the model is developed within the Nelson and Winter tradition, the introduction of the 'Austrian' issue of roundaboutness implies a major extension of the research agenda, including production- structure innovations, the emergence and functioning of markets for intermediate products, ways of coping with the instability of upstream markets, the spread of the effects of an upstream innovation, and the measurement of the degree of roundaboutness and of overall productivity. The model reflects a Schumpeterian version of the Böhm-Bawerkian vision of the emergence of increased long-term roundaboutness of production. The Schumpeterian approach implies an innovation- and entrepreneur-driven process of vertical disintegration and reintegration. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8121 Files in this item: 1
8778730139.pdf (184.1Kb) -
Policy Change in the Bank for International SettlementsSeabrooke, Leonard (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is the premiere international institution for the regulation of the world’s financial system. Originally established to handle German reparations payments, the BIS’s contemporary role is to provide global standards for prudential bank regulation and to facilitate information sharing among a range of state and non-state actors. While privately incorporated and underwritten by its member central banks, the BIS is fundamentally a service provider with quasi-non-governmental organization, ‘quango’, status. This paper traces the evolution of this unique international quango, stressing the development of the Basle Accords of 1988 and 2004, and how the BIS uses informal and formal networks of elite policymakers to create a normative consensus that compensates for its lack of formal enforcement mechanisms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7370 Files in this item: 1
intl_quango_policy_change11.pdf (100.5Kb) -
A case Study of SAPAntero, Michelle C.; Hedman, Jonas; Henningsson, Stefan (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The ERP industry has undergone dramatic changes over the past decades due to changing market demands, thereby creating new challenges and opportunities, which have to be managed by ERP vendors. This paper inquires into the necessary evolution of business models in a technology-intensive industry (e.g., develop new offerings, engage in partnerships, and the utilize new sales channels). This paper draws from strategy process perspective to develop an evolutionary business model (EBM) framework that explains the components and processes involved. The framework is then applied to a longitudinal case study of SAP to explain how its success in a technology-intensive industry hinges on its ability to reconfigure its business model. The paper contributes to the extant literature on business models in two ways: first, by identifying and explaining the need for an evolutionary perspective; and second, by adopting different value configurations to reflect the convergence of customers, suppliers and vendors. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8725 Files in this item: 1
Jonas_Hedman_2.pdf (634.5Kb) -
Context and ContentKjær, Peter (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Over the last three decades, business news has become an area of growth in most industrialized countries. This report, which is part of a Nordic research project on the rise of the business press, describes how the field of business news production has evolved in Denmark. Based on a large quantitative analysis of news content in two Danish dailies, "Berlingske Tidende" and "Børsen", the report first shows how a market for business news has developed, and then shows how the volume of business news has expanded and the content features and formats of business news have changed with the development of the field. The analysis suggests that with the expansion of business news a dual process of professionalization and popularization of business journalism has occurred. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7344 Files in this item: 1
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Sørensen, Lars B.; Holst, Lisa L. (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper at hand presents an extension and application of Kotzab & Madlbergers (Kotzab & Madlberger, 2001) original clicks-and-mortar web-scan framework, which is here used to reexamine the click-and-mortar activities of the top 100 Danish retailers and compare with results from the identical study last year. The first part of the paper describes the development and rationale behind the model used, the second part describes the results obtained and describes the evolution by analysing data from 2001, 2002 and 2003. The empirical results show a shift toward selling in the internet channel, and a differentiation between the most sophisticated sites: they focus on either Marketing or Logistics processes! URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6291 Files in this item: 1
working paper no. 03 2003.pdf (1.939Mb) -
Knudsen, Thorbjørn (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: How does population dynamics influence outcomes in situations with public good characteristics? The present paper answers this question by analysing the evolution of costly cooperation in a multi-group population. Building on insights first developed in modern biology the idea of viscous population equilibria is introduced (a population is said to be viscous when a (sub)population of players is spatially or genetically clustered). A simple model then analyses how the combined effect of viscosity within multiple subgroups and different levels of between-group segregation influences the evolution of cooperation. The results suggest that a key issue in the evolution of cooperation is the shifting balance between the need to protect cooperators and propagation of the tendency to cooperate. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6880 Files in this item: 1
linkwp01-26.pdf (110.6Kb) -
Towards Leveraging the Frontline for Strategic Issue Identification under UncertaintyHallin, Carina Antonia; Juul Andersen, Torben; Levine, Sheen S.; Tveterås, Sigbjørn (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper presents different corporate prediction aggregation techniques and introduces a new type of prediction mechanism linking the sensing of operational capabilities by frontline employees to the identification of fuzzy events and emerging strategic issues as ‘early warning signals’. Based on the literatures on prediction markets and fuzzy logic the methodology collects information from many diverse frontline employees to develop valid signaling predictors. Individuals in the frontline gain deep insights as they perform operational activities in direct interactions with many internal and external stakeholders and we tap into this unique knowledge source to identify new issues and opportunities for ongoing strategic decision-making. Aggregating dispersed information from crowds is not a new phenomenon. The capacity to aggregate heterogeneous and dispersed information from the environment is seen as a critical input for strategic decision making [Arrow, 1974; Hayek, 1945; Stinchcombe, 1990]. Hayek’s notion of information aggregation and dispersed knowledge, has established the foundations for prediction markets where the main objective of prediction markets is to create accurate predictions of given issues of interest, and such markets have demonstrated that crowds have the ability to predict outcomes [Berg, Forsythe and Rietz, 1996; 1997; Thompson, 2012: Wolfers and Zitzewitz, 2004]. Corporate prediction markets take various forms. Borrowing from the concepts used by Spann and Skiera (2003), they refer to the evolution in prediction aggregation as first-generation (G1) and second-generation (G2) prediction markets. In G1 markets participating employees invest in the outcome of already defined problems, such as, forecasts on next quarter’s sales volume, market entries by new competitors or performance of certain markets. In recent years, G2 markets, preference markets, aggregate predictions from the firm’s stakeholders about the probable success rates of various product concepts and ideas [Slamka, Jank and Skiera, 2012]. Hence, the participants in G1 and G2 prediction markets typically invest in the outcome of predefined time constrained issues. Here we propose a spring-off mechanism to G1 and G2 markets based on predictions without markets of fuzzy events or emerging issues not yet clearly defined, but nonetheless evolving phenomena to consider for responsive strategies. The notion of an event and its related probability constitute the most basic concepts of probability theory. An event is an accurately specified collection of points in a sample range. In contrast, in everyday life individuals often encounter situations in which an “event” is fuzzy and rather ill-defined than being a sharply defined collection of points [Zadeh, 1965]. We draw on fuzzy sets theory that offers mathematical models to deal with information that is uncertain and vague. That is, our contribution proposes formalized tools to deal with the intrinsic fuzziness in decision making problems [Fisher, 2003]. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9145 Files in this item: 1
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Studied in the context of medical device activities at the pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk A/S in the period 1980-2008Stjernholm Madsen, Arne (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Increased globalization in business competition makes the ability to innovate and to redefine strategy crucial to a company. An interesting question however is if a management team can control innovation and strategic renewal of the company at all; or do such changes emerge, driven by external events or by bottom-up processes in the organization? The present research project addresses some of these issues through the overall research question “How does innovation strategy evolve?” The research question is examined in a specific empirical context. Since 2001, I have worked as an internal innovation consultant at Novo Nordisk A/S; a pharmaceutical firm founded in 1923 operating in a well established industry (insulin for diabetes treatment), characterized by intensive investments in Research and Development. I took advantage of this unique access to the internal life of an organization and consequently set up my research project as a longitudinal in-depth case study of the medical device innovation activities at Novo Nordisk A/S covering the period 1980-2008. The study specifically analyzes the relationship between the classic core product of the firm (insulin) and complementary products (medical devices, such as insulin ‘pens’), which hold the potential to either enhance the value of the core product, or to become a distinct business of its own. Burgelman’s evolutionary theory of strategy making, especially his ‘internal ecology model’ (Burgelman 1991, 2002), has been chosen as the basic theoretical framework for the project. Some expansions of this framework, however, were needed. First, the present study puts greater emphasis on analyzing the external environment and its influence on internal strategy processes. Second, the analysis includes the role of management cognition, especially the notion of the corporate dominant logic (Prahalad & Bettis, 1986; Bettis & Prahalad, 1995), understood as an enduring top management worldview or mindset based on reinforcement of experiences from the past. With regard to results, the present study identifies a more entrepreneurial role of the top management driven induced strategy process than traditionally described in evolutionary theory. In this case study, strategic variation and trial-and-error learning is not restricted to the autonomous initiatives in the ‘internal ecology’; on the contrary, top management cognition creates strategic visions or hypotheses, which are enacted as experiments in the market, for example in the form of new product categories. External feedback determines the destiny of these strategic experiments. Thereby innovation strategy (in case, for medical devices) serves as a strategic laboratory at corporate level, so to speak. The device-based strategic experiments face the challenge of escaping the gravity of the dominant logic, which repeatedly pulls the strategy back towards the well-known success formula, centered on the drug itself (i.e. the insulin). Thus, the induced strategy process mediates core assets (pharmaceutical drugs) and complementary assets (medical devices), by swinging the pendulum between cycles of innovation strategy which define the devices as core or complementary respectively. Hence, the balance between what is defined as core and what is defined as complementary in the corporate innovation strategy seems to be dynamic and negotiable. As a consequence of the cycles of strategic experimentation, the corporate induced strategy process acts as a force of strategic entrepreneurship, seen over extended time. The implications for research point towards a new paradigm of strategic research in the ‘middle ground’ between rational choice theory and evolutionary theory, as proposed by Gavetti & Levinthal (2004). The present research project suggests that a firm’s ability for strategic adaptation depends both on strategic context determination of autonomous initiatives in the ‘internal ecology’ and on ability to enact induced strategic experiments with alternating innovation strategies in the market. This theory of ‘inbound’ and ‘outbound’ strategic search establishes a dynamic understanding of the corporate induced strategy process. In this understanding, innovation strategies act as hypotheses, which create strategic dissonance between vision and reality and thereby drive strategic learning. The implications for management practice are first recognition of how fortunate it has been for Novo Nordisk to sustain the core business strategy, protected by the dominant logic. This fact relates to a background where the core market proved to hold immense growth potential, and the industry was relatively stable compared to for instance the IT industry. On the other hand, Novo Nordisk’s success is partly due to cycles of strategic experiments with complementary assets for innovation, in case medical devices. Top management initiated these explorative experiments and the learning was utilized for expansion of the position within the core business. Hence, one can conclude that a company should explore and utilize the value of complementary assets, since these are perfect tools for strategic experimentation without risking the core business. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8453 Files in this item: 1
Arne_Stjernholm_Madsen.pdf (5.387Mb) -
Extending the diamond network modelGeisler Asmussen, Christian; Pedersen, Torben; Dhanaraj, Charles (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We extend the ‘centers of excellence’ concept in the multinational corporation (MNC) literature to address the diversity and the multidimensionality of subsidiary competence and link such diversity to the host country environment. Using Rugman and Verbeke’s (1993) diamond network model of competitive advantage of nations, we hypothesize the contingencies under which heterogeneity in host environments influences subsidiary competence configuration. We test our model with data from more than 2,000 subsidiaries in seven Western European countries. Our results provide new insights on the evolution of subsidiary competence and how MNCs can overcome ‘unbalanced’ national diamonds by acquiring complementary capabilities across borders. Keywords: MNC environment, subsidiary competence configuration, industrial clusters, differentiated networks, subsidiary embeddedness. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7471 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 105.pdf (815.6Kb) -
An Interview with David J. TeeceAugier, Mie (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper, Mie Augier provides a rich description of the intellectual traditions, the signifi-cant people and academic institutions that in some way or another made a difference to Davis Teece’s own intellectual development. In this sense, it is a dynamic account of the emerging career of a distinguished scholar - but not only that. It is also a description of the co-development of three major disciplinary fields; organization theory, economics and strategic management during three decades or so. David Teece has made several important contribu-tions, perhaps most notably to economics (on the theory of the firm and transaction cost eco-nomics) and strategic management (on dynamic capabilities) while drawing upon organization theory and notions such as organizational routines and bounded rationality. In addition, Augier also provides an interview with David Teece, a true scholar still unsettled with what has been achieved so far - in all three fields: "Maybe I’m wrong; and maybe technology is a special case and maybe technology and organization do not belong at the core of the theory of the firm. My intuition tells me otherwise." (David Teece, quoted in this issue). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6686 Files in this item: 1
2004-51.pdf (238.3Kb) -
Olsen, Mia; Hedman, Jonas; Vatrapu, Ravi (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the design of e-wallets. e-wallets are intended to replace the existing physical wallet, with its notes, coins, photos, plastic cards, loyalty cards etc. Four different user groups, including teenagers, young adults, mothers and businessmen, has been involved in process of identifying, developing and evaluating functional and design properties of e-wallets. Interviews and formative usability evaluations have provided data for the construction of first a conceptual model in the form of sketches, and later a functional model in the form of low-fidelity mockups. During the design phases, knowledge was gained on what properties the test users would like the mobile wallet to hold and the properties implemented in four prototypes. The identified properties have been clustered as ‘Functionality properties’ and ‘Design properties’, which are theoretical contributions to the ongoing research in mobile wallets. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8311 Files in this item: 1
CAICT_Com_220113.pdf (1.704Mb) -
Lehrer, Christiane; Constantiou, Ioanna; Hess, Thomas (, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The continuance of use is an important topic of IS research. However, in the past, many researchers have focused on adoption rather than IS continuance. Studying continuance is of equal importance, because if use does not persist, this may limit the revenues of the provider. This is particularly true for consumer-oriented services, which rely on advertising, or subscription-based revenue models. In this paper, we investigate the determinants of location-based services (LBS) continuance as a relevant case study for the examination of IS continuance generally. A research model is developed and empirically tested through a survey of a representative sample in Germany. The proposed model builds on and extends the Limayem et al. model of IS continuance. Our analysis highlights the importance of habit and emotion in LBS continuance. The results indicate that habit has a stronger predictive power than continuance intentions for LBS continuance and that emotions are an important driver for user satisfaction with LBS. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8523 Files in this item: 1
Constantiou_2011_2.pdf (268.6Kb) -
Rai, Sudhanshu; Chakraborty, Suranjan; Sarker, Suprateek (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Requirement analysis RE has continued to attract attention among information system researchers. The inquiry into exploring how RE actually unfolds as an intellectual exercise is the central preoccupation of this paper. Here we identify requirement analysis as an inferential process, and go on to explaining how the inference unfolds during requirement analysis, then we argue that the IS literature calls an aspect of the RE process an intellectual activity. We think the term intellectual activity is much too broad and we want to explore what constitutes this intellectual activity. We identify the constitution of the intellectual activity as inference and then discuss instances of inference where problems might occur due to contextual diversity. We conjecture that the problem of inference is such that instances of the client’s environment is not able to be transmitted in the same sense using the same logical consistency as the inferring themes might require to understand the concept along with the context. In order to address this problem we use the nature of inference in “Naiyayika” from the Indian logicians and argue that, this school allows for the empirical embedding of the context in the formal syllogism. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8056 Files in this item: 1
wp_3_samlet.pdf (162.0Kb) -
Interactive climate control in greenhouses in DenmarkClemmensen, Torkil (Lisbon, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper argues that we should focus on creating examples of indigenous HCI. This should be done by becoming more sensitive to regional and national differences in how work styles and interaction design across time and use merge, adapt, localize and reduce the ambiguity of the technology. A case of climate control is reported. The method is interpretive phenomenological analysis that focuses on idiosyncrasies. The climate control experience of a Danish expert is compared with the experiences of a similar Israeli expert. The conclusion says that many similarities exist, but also meaningful differences that should be the basis for Indigenous HCI design. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8533 Files in this item: 1
Clemmensen_2011_2.pdf (325.4Kb) -
Danø, Bo (Frederiksberg, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Afhandlingen består af en introduktion og fire selvstændige kapitler. kapitlerne omhandler dels forskellige aspekter af valutakurseksponering og dels prisfastsættelse af valutakursrisiko, og alle de empiriske data er gennemført på danske data. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7926 Files in this item: 1
Bo_Danø.pdf (10.38Mb) -
Perceptions, Values and DifferencesBislev, Sven; Kragh, Simon U. (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Subcontracting agreements in Eastern Europe's car component industryMøllgaard, Peter; Lorentzen, Jochen (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We study the rationale for the use of exclusivity to protect transfer of technology in subcontracting agreements. The legal possibility arises through the EU Notice on Subcontracting. Empirically, the link between exclusive agreements and technology transfer among firms in the automotive supply industry in EU candidate countries is surprisingly weak, although with exclusive-supply or exclusive-buying clauses in subcontracting agreements upstream transfer of technology is more likely. Exclusive agreements are often reciprocal, and are typically passed on. Downstream firms are more likely to face and use vertical restraints. Technology trickles upstream: Multinational final assemblers transfer more technology than lower-tier suppliers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7527 Files in this item: 1
wpec102002.pdf (299.7Kb) -
Leander, Anna (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: As the scale and scope private military and security companies (PMSCs) are rapidly expanding internationally, the question of their regulation is evermore pressing. Although credible exact figures on the activities of the companies are not available, there is ample indication that the companies play a central role around the world. In Iraq, a Department of Defense survey estimates that there are some 180.000 contractors compared to 160.000 U.S. troops (Singer, 2007: 2). In Nigeria some 1000 registered security companies constitute the second economic sector in the economy after oil (Abrahamsen and Williams, 2006a). Moreover, the scope of PMSC activity is steadily expanding. The trend to privatize and outsource a growing range of activities places PMSCs in charge of an ever growing range of formerly military or policing tasks. The predictable consequence is that PMSCs are increasingly visible and controversial. Incidences such as that in the Nisour square Baghdad where Blackwater contractors were involved in an incident leaving 17 dead civilians on 16th of September 2007 focus attention around the regulatory context of PMSC work. This presentation discusses one aspect of that regulatory context, namely the existing international regulation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6992 Files in this item: 1
wp 2007-4.pdf (130.3Kb)