Browsing Research documents by Author "Lorenzen, Mark"
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Connectivity and Catch-up in Emerging Market EconomiesLorenzen, Mark; Mudambi, Ram (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8006 Files in this item: 1
41_ML_Bangalore_vs._Bollywood_Final.pdf (225.6Kb) -
Family Ties and Embeddedness in the Indian Film Industry in BollywoodLorenzen, Mark; Taeube, Florian A. (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Theoretical and empirical research on entrepreneurial networks is largely outcome-oriented and little integrated with family firm research. In this paper, we draw on social network and entrepreneurship literatures in order to investigate how family businesses build and make use of a variety of embedded and arm’s-length ties. We present novel data self-collected in qualitative, inductive fieldwork from more than 50 interviews in mainstream film production in Bollywood. Our findings contrast with extant research by showing that in the socio-cultural context of India the use of embedded ties is higher than predictions in the Page 3 / 55 Creative Encounters Working Paper #40 theoretical literature and empirical findings in cross-country studies suggest. Moreover, we show that the ‘Indian’ family is an institution that dominates embedded ties. The Banyan tree symbolizes this interconnectedness of the different branches of an Indian family compared to the plain structure of a birch tree describing Hollywood, where embedded ties can be different from familial ties. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8005 Files in this item: 1
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Internationalization of Indian Film IndustryLorenzen, Mark; Taeube, Florian Arun (Frederiksberg, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the context of an emerging economy, the paper analyzes indigenous growth and internationalization. Using novel and original data, the paper studies the Indian film cluster in Mumbai, Bollywood. It argues that as the world’s biggest commercial film cluster and a conspicuous growth phenomenon in an emerging economy context, Bollywood can be seen as a paradigmatic case for adding to our understanding of the development of film clusters outside the USA, as well as suggesting more general insights into the growth and internationalization of industries in emerging economies. The empirical analysis of the paper points to the importance of home market, government regulation, and industry structure for Bollywood’s recent export growth. The paper discusses how the existence of a well-defined and geographically centered social network among producers, directors and other key roles in filmmaking in Mumbai supports the development of a ‘Bollywood model’ of filmmaking with a industry structure remarkably different from Hollywood’s. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7872 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_07_06.pdf (211.3Kb) -
Maskell, Peter; Lorenzen, Mark (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The many competing schools of thought concerning themselves with industrial clusters have at least one thing in common: they all agree that clusters are real life phenomena characterized by the co-localization of separate economic entities, which are in some sense related, but not joined together by any common ownership or management. So hierarchies they are certainly not. Yet, it is usually taken for granted that clusters, almost regardless of how they are defined, all expatriate the 'swollen middle' of various hybrid 'forms of long-term contracting, reciprocal trading, regulation, franchising and the like' residing somewhere between hierarchies and markets. This fundamental (but usually implicit) assumption would, perhaps, be justified if markets could be reduced to events of exchange of property rights, between large numbers of price-taking anonymous buyers and sellers supplied with perfect information as they are commonly conceived in mainstream economics. One of the original attractions of Neoclassical price theory was precisely that it promised a way of analysing the economy in general and market exchange in particular independently of specific institutional settings. However, introducing transaction costs as more than fees paid to intermediaries leads inevitably to comparative institutional analysis and, not to be forgotten, to the perception of markets as institutions with specific characteristics of their own. Some sets of characteristics are so common that they represent a specific market organization or market form. The cluster is one such specific market organization that is structured along territorial lines because this enables the building of a set of institutions that are helpful in conducting certain kinds of economic activities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7265 Files in this item: 1
03-14.pdf (290.9Kb) -
Analogy and the Emergence of Focal PointsFoss, Nicolai Juul; Lorenzen, Mark (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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an exploratory discussionLorenzen, Mark; Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Content, Cost, Chance, and CollectionLorenzen, Mark (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This Working Paper argues that the film industry is a paradigmatic example of how the organization of the cultural economy is shaped by balancing creativity with contextual issues. In the film industry, organization is far from determined only by creative concerns for content production: Issues of cost, chance and collection also play important roles. Through analyzing creativity and its context in the film industry, the paper explains the industry’s organization, and opens up for understanding its significant national and regional differences. The paper carries out a literature study of economic, socioeconomic and economic geography literature on the film industry, analyzing the importance of creativity, cost, chance and collection in the film industry, and exemplifies how these issues are balanced differently in different clusters. The analytical framework presented in the paper may be used to understanding different "models” of filmmaking. Creativity, film industry, organization, innovation, transaction costs URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7244 Files in this item: 1
wp03-2007.pdf (289.7Kb) -
A Rank-Size AnalysisLorenzen, Mark; Vaarst Andersen, Kristina (Frederiksberg, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Using novel statistical data, the paper analyzes the geographical distribution of Richard Florida’s creative class among 445 European cities. The paper demonstrates that size matters, i.e. cities with a high proportion of creative class tend to get more creative through attraction of still more creative labor. More specifically, the distribution of the European creative class falls into three phases, each approximating a rank-size rule, with different exponents (i.e., inequality). The exponent for the smallest cities is profoundly more negative than for the middle-sized cities, and this tendency is stronger for the creative class than for the general population. Furthermore, the exponent of the largest cities is slightly less negative than the middle-sized cities, and this tendency is also stronger for the creative class. In order to explain this, the paper presents four propositions about how effects of large and small population sizes of cities may be more detrimental to attracting the creative class than attracting the population in general. Below a population size of approximately 70,000 inhabitants, there is a rapid drop of attractiveness to the creative class with decreasing city size. We propose that this may be because below this size, cities begin to drop below minimum efficient market sizes for particular creative services, below minimum labor market sizes for particular creative job types, and below minimum levels of political representation by the creative class. Above a European city population size of approximately 1,2 million inhabitants, the attractiveness of increasing city size for the creative class drops, and we propose that the creative class may respond particularly adversely to urban congestion. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7871 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_07_17.pdf (317.3Kb) -
how MNCs enter regional knowledge clustersLorenzen, Mark; Mahnke, Volker (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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Lorenzen, Mark (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper builds insight into how globalization impacts cultural clusters, through a case study of Bollywood, the Indian film cluster in Mumbai. The paper’s analysis of the recent growth and consolidation of Bollywood, as well as the cluster’s development of a new film formula, illustrates that globalization does not necessarily entail westernization of culture. Instead, the paper suggests that early-mover advantages held by the world’s core cultural clusters may be eroded by globalization, as it creates pipelines of information, talent and capital, allowing hitherto peripheral cultural clusters to access export markets and develop exportable products. Analyzing the role of the Indian diasporas for the export growth of Bollywood, the paper also offers a discussion of the difference between two different aspects of globalization: Global flows of people and global bridgeheads of people. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7796 Files in this item: 1
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Lorenzen, Mark (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this short paper, I put forward an argument about trust based upon an information cost perspective. I argue that, in different contexts, different origins of trust come to dominate. This is so, because different possible origins of trust have a different information cost, and different contexts have different information availability. Agents learn about this, and place their trust accordingly. I provide an empirical example, and list some traits of information availability between geographically proximate firms. The information cost argument explains why a particular way of trusting is prevalent in some proximate ‘communities’ of agents. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8096 Files in this item: 1
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Lessons from Co-operation and Higher-order Capabilities Amongst geographically proximate firmsLorenzen, Mark (Frederiksberg, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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the role of institutions and regional innovation systemsLorenzen, Mark; Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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tentative findings from in-depth case studiesLorenzen, Mark (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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why are inter-firm learning patterns institutionalised within particular localities?Lorenzen, Mark (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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The Geography Effect in Technological and Institutional DynamicsLorenzen, Mark (Frederiksberg, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Providing a concise working definition of social capital, this conceptual paper analyses why social capital is important for learning and economic development, why it has a regional dimension, and how it is created. It argues that with the rise of the Knowledge Economy, social capital is becoming valuable because it organizes markets, lowering business firms’ costs of coordinating and allowing them to flexibly connect and reconnect. Thus, it serves as a social framework for localized learning in both breadth and depth. The paper suggests that a range of social phenomena such as altruism, trust, participation, and inclusion, are created when a matrix of various social relations is combined with particular normative and cognitive social institutions that facilitate cooperation and reciprocity. Such a matrix of social relations, plus facilitating institutions, is what the paper defines as “social capital”. The paper further suggests that social capital is formed at the regional (rather than national or international) level, because it is at this level we find the densest matrices of social relations. The paper also offers a discussion of how regional policies may be suited for promoting social capital. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7882 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_05_22.pdf (168.6Kb) -
Lessons from the Entertainment IndustriesLorenzen, Mark; Frederiksen, Lars (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper analyses management of product innovation in project-based industries, offering a view on management not only of firms, but also of markets. It first argues that projects are prominent in industries where the nature of consumer demand means that product innovation takes place as experimentation. Then, the paper argues that if skills needed for projects are very diverse and projects are complex, there are few internal managerial economies of projects, and the scope for management then transcends the boundaries of firms. In these cases, markets become organized in combinations of people, contracts, and other institutions, in order to facilitate the coordination of market-based projects. While contracts play a role, a continuous, active role of knowledgeable managers (leaders and boundary spanners) is also often necessary. Such managers --- and thus (core parts of) whole industries --- are embedded in project ecologies at particular places, which is why we see geographical clusters in many project-based industries. The paper is mainly conceptual, but develops its argument by drawing examples from the Entertainment industries throughout. Keywords: Project organization, product innovation, portfolio management of projects, entertainment industries JEL Classification: L22, O31, L82 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7264 Files in this item: 1
wp_2005_01_maindoc.pdf (199.2Kb) -
Bilagsmateriale fra "ophavsret i den danske oplevelsesøkonomi: Tal og tendenser"Singal, Kunal; Lorenzen, Mark (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8217 Files in this item: 1
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Product Experimentation in the Music IndustryLorenzen, Mark; Frederiksen, Lars (Frederiksberg, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper is conceptual, combining project and economic organization literatures in order to explain the organization and management of market-based projects. It dedicates particular focus to projects set up in order to facilitate product innovation through experimentation. It investigates the internal vs. market economies of scale and scope related to projects, as well as the issues of governance, planning and coordination related to reaping such economies. Incorporating transaction cost perspectives as well as considerations of labour markets, the paper explains the management of market-organized innovation projects by virtue of localized project ecologies and local labour markets of leaders and boundary spanners. It illustrates its arguments with a case study of the Recorded Music industry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7881 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_05_23.pdf (174.4Kb) -
Lorenzen, Mark (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper presents stylized facts about the economic organisation of the film industry, arguing that while we know a lot about production, specialization and internationalization, the complex processes of globalization are still under-researched. The paper concludes with a research agenda of how to address globalization. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7775 Files in this item: 1
Creative Encounters Working Papers 8.pdf (202.1Kb)
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