Browsing Research documents by Author "Norus, Jesper"
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Abstract: This paper analyzes the foundations of regional knowledge and its long-term impact on the region’s companies’ and how a particular knowledge has developed an ability to stay competitive within a specific technological field. The case illustrates how the Copenhagen region has been able to develop a dominating position in the global market for industrial enzymes from 1870-2004. The case of industrial enzymes shows how a region has been able to build sustainable competitive advantages from its distinctive competencies. This is done through a mixture of outsourcing and in sourcing of competencies, knowledge and technologies from other regions in a ramified set of interacting networks. The key personnel within the regions firms are deliberately allowed to engage in the formations of these non-disclosure network activities so that professional knowledge communities has been established across regional boundaries and thereby formed the basis for globalization of the knowledge and the markets for industrial enzymes. Last but not least the paper demonstrates how the region’s major firm, Novozymes, the world-leading manufacturer of industrial enzymes, even before the term virtual organization came into fashion, positioned itself as an interactive partner in the center of a globalized system of academic institutions, customers and clients. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6770 Files in this item: 1
wp07-2004.pdf (120.8Kb) -
Houman Andersen, Poul; Norus, Jesper (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: There is a continuing focus on the conditions for and processes of establishing new businesses and the role played by the external resource context in doing so. Using sociological concepts such as network bricolage and structuration some studies point to the supporting role as well as the restraining role of networks in this process. However, most research focuses on the innovative role of entrepreneurs in linking together dispersed resources in forming a concerted business enterprise. Far less focus has been on the de facto quality of these resources in forming the entrepreneurial role. Rather, the image of the Knightian or Kriznian entreprenur is left unchallenged, even in the "new" literature on entrepreneurship. However, if the concept of network bricolage or structuration as contexts institutionalising specific practices and sorting away others is taken seriously, the preexistence of patterned work practices shared among business actors, and how the ability to utilise these patterned practices in generating new business ideas affects the business start up process becomes important. Entrepreneurial processes may not only be influenced but also internally constituted by the wider environment. One may therefore question whether the impetus for starting up a new business vests entirely with the entrepreneur or what role the context plays in patterning the work of the entrepreneur with respect to firm creation. As pointed out by Gartner (1988) asking "who is the entrepreneur?" is the wrong question. For that purpose, we believe that the context of the entrepreneur, networks and embedded routines, provides an opportunity to understand how the context contributes in shaping the entrepreneurial act. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6717 Files in this item: 1
dokument 10.pdf (212.1Kb) -
Forms and facades in formation of the biotechnology firmsNorus, Jesper (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the recent years the successful collaborative arrangements and relationships between university, industry and public institutions have become a mantra in transforming new scientific knowledge into new innovations and business ventures. The fit between these very different actor groups has been treated as a contingent factor. However only little attention have been giving to a specific focus on the strategies that new business ventures have obtained to establish the fit between small firms, university research, and public policies such as regulatory policies and R&D policies. The emergence of the new biotechnologies and these techniques predominately coming from the university sector make the new biotechnology organizations an interesting object for studying these relationships both on a regional and a national level. From the perspective of the small biotechnology firms (SBFs) the paper explores four different strategies for dealing with network relations; the research oriented strategy, the incubator strategy, the industrial partnering strategy, and the policy-oriented strategy. The research-oriented strategy is narrowly focusing on how a biotechnology firm transforms their scientific results into promising technologies, services or products. The incubator strategy is concerned with localization and how to come about specific types of managerial problem in the initial stage of forming a business venture. The industrial partnering strategy concerns how to overcome the problem of bringing the technologies from an experimental stage at a research lab to be able handle industrial processes and full-scale production. Last but not least the policy oriented strategy focus on problem of having products approved by the public authorities. Theoretically the article draws upon network theories and a dynamic view of network relations. That is done in order to capture the nature of the relationships between different types of actors, but also in order to emphasize the informal nature of some of these relationships. The article has a dual purpose; 1) From a corporate point of view to emphasize multiple conditions for developing and forming interorganizational relationships, 2) From a research perspective to point to the diversity and heterogeneity of these relations and thereby emphasizes the evolutionary nature of these relations and their relatedness to the overall strategies obtained by the biotechnology entrepreneurs. The paper is structured so it will start out by stating its methodological foundations. Thereafter the theoretical positioning of the network approach will seek to argue that we have multiple network relationships are at play. Not only do these networks differ but also the institutional and organizational origins are to be touched upon to come to understand the nature of the biotechnology environment and the actors involved. The positioning of the SBFs as the focal point of the analysis leads to a discussion on entrepreneurial business strategies in biotechnology industry and how these business strategies in a very distinct mode is correlated with interorganizational relationships. The empirical evidence will be fleshed out in four cases representing each of the four suggested strategies. The conclusion discusses three implications of network partnering analysis. First, it discusses the theoretical contributions on the diversity, heterogeneity between the four partnering strategies. Second, it will point to future directions in the research. Third, the conclusion will point to the managerial challenges that can be foreseen. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6669 Files in this item: 1
working paper 2003 no.12.pdf (372.5Kb) -
Norus, Jesper (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In recent years, establishing successful collaborative arrangements and relationships between university, industry and public institutions has come to be seen as essential in transforming new scientific knowledge into new innovations and business ventures. The fit between these very different actor groups has been treated as a contingent factor. However, little attention has been given to the managerial efforts that entrepreneurs have make to establish the fit between small firms, university research, and public policies such as regulatory policies and R&D policies through network-type structures. New biotechnology organizations are perfect objects to study these relationships because new biotechnologies and techniques predominantly come from the university sector (Kenney, 1986; Yoxen; 1984; Zucker & Darby, 1997; Robbins-Roth, 2001). From the perspective of the small biotechnology firms (SBFs,) this paper analyzes four different managerial strategies of how to create network structures to deal with the interfaces between industry, university and public institutions. The research-oriented strategy, the incubator strategy, the industrial-partnering strategy, and the policyoriented strategy. The research-oriented strategy focuses narrowly on how biotechnology firms transform scientific results into solid business plan or business models revealing the aim of the technologies, services or products. The incubator strategy is concerned with localization and how to overcome specific types of managerial problems in the initial stage of forming a business venture. The industrialpartnering strategy is concerned with how to overcome the problem of bringing the technologies from an experimental stage at a research lab to be able to handle industrial processes and full-scale production. Last, but not least, the policy-oriented strategy focuses on the problem of having products approved by the public authorities. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how SBFs over time develop network structures through patchwork-like activities, ongoing and overlapping activities, that serve as a blueprint for the management URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6779 Files in this item: 1
wp06-2004.pdf (158.9Kb) -
The Case of Stem CellsBorcha, Kristian; Norus, Jesper (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore technological roadmaps to identify key issues concerning the development and utilization of stem cells. From a review of the political decision making processes in three countries, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany we suggest that technological roadmapping in this emerging and discontinued technology can provide critical policy information. This type of policy intelligence can be used to rethink the regulatory practices away from today’s framework based regulation of the emerging technologies towards a regulatory policy based on how to develop regulatory practices based on the content and visions of the technologies in question. In the conclusion we discuss that the positive side effect of such a shift in the regulatory paradigm is that technological roadmapping can be used as a planning tool to deal with priorities in the health care system when the technologies are in its embryonic stage. Key words: Stem cell technologies, Roadmap, S&T policy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6775 Files in this item: 1
wp05-2004.pdf (99.29Kb)
Now showing items 1-5 of 5