Browsing Research documents by Subject "videnoverførsel"
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Maskell, Peter; Lorenzen, Mark (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The many competing schools of thought concerning themselves with industrial clusters have at least one thing in common: they all agree that clusters are real life phenomena characterized by the co-localization of separate economic entities, which are in some sense related, but not joined together by any common ownership or management. So hierarchies they are certainly not. Yet, it is usually taken for granted that clusters, almost regardless of how they are defined, all expatriate the 'swollen middle' of various hybrid 'forms of long-term contracting, reciprocal trading, regulation, franchising and the like' residing somewhere between hierarchies and markets. This fundamental (but usually implicit) assumption would, perhaps, be justified if markets could be reduced to events of exchange of property rights, between large numbers of price-taking anonymous buyers and sellers supplied with perfect information as they are commonly conceived in mainstream economics. One of the original attractions of Neoclassical price theory was precisely that it promised a way of analysing the economy in general and market exchange in particular independently of specific institutional settings. However, introducing transaction costs as more than fees paid to intermediaries leads inevitably to comparative institutional analysis and, not to be forgotten, to the perception of markets as institutions with specific characteristics of their own. Some sets of characteristics are so common that they represent a specific market organization or market form. The cluster is one such specific market organization that is structured along territorial lines because this enables the building of a set of institutions that are helpful in conducting certain kinds of economic activities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7265 Files in this item: 1
03-14.pdf (290.9Kb) -
Contextual Creation of Knowledge Versus Global Transfer of KnowledgeHolm, Ulf; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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A Taxonomy of Knowledge Transfer CostsHusman, Tina Brandt (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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how MNCs enter regional knowledge clustersLorenzen, Mark; Mahnke, Volker (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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Minbaeva, Dana (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: ABSTRACT The paper supports the idea that organizations can institute various internal structures, policies and practices to overcome transfer barriers and facilitate the degree of knowledge transfer. I discuss a framework for future empirical research on the relations between human resource management (HRM) practices and knowledge transfer in multinational corporations (MNC). The proposed model is empirically testable, includes a wider range of HRM practices and is not limited to one mode of foreign operations only. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6873 Files in this item: 1
linkwp2003-04.pdf (208.8Kb) -
Gammelgaard, Jens (, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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a study of the dynamics inherent in the relationship between innovation and diversityLamdahl Justesen, Susanne (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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a taxonomy of knowledge transfer costsHusman, Tina Brandt (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Gammelgaard, Jens; Ritter, Thomas (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Previous discussions of knowledge transfers within multinational corporations (MNC’s) tended to focus on the process as an isolated phenomenon, and the factors that impede these transfers. Less attention has been given to the identification and personal codification processes of knowledge prior to transfer. A model for understanding how knowledge is retrieved in MNC’s is proposed in this paper, with a specific focus on the retrieval of information located in information technology (IT) systems. The model is derived from (1) a critical examination of knowledge management theory, and (2) the empirical research results gathered from Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). Our survey of CSC reveals that the company is able to overcome the problem of identifying valuable knowledge in a geographical dispersed organization by establishing virtual communities of practice via its portal system. Virtual communities of practice are seen as a combination of the codification and the personalization strategies in this paper. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6551 Files in this item: 1
jg-3.pdf (260.9Kb) -
time sensitiveness and push-pull strategies in a non-hype organisationHoldt Christensen, Peter (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The concept of knowledge management has, indeed, become a buzzword that every single organization is expected to practice and live by. Knowledge management is about managing the organization’s knowledge for the common good of the organization – but practicing knowledge management is not as simple as that. This article focuses on knowledge sharing as the process seeking to reduce the resources spent on reinventing the wheel. The article introduces the concept of time sensitiveness; i.e. that knowledge is either urgently needed, or not that urgently needed. Furthermore, knowledge sharing is considered as either a push or pull system. Four strategies for sharing knowledge – help, post-it, manuals and meeting, and advice are introduced. Each strategy requires different channels for sharing knowledge. An empirical analysis in a production facility highlights how the strategies can be practiced. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6331 Files in this item: 1
wp12-2003phc.pdf (360.5Kb) -
Husted, Kenneth; Michailova, Snejina (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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the role of disseminative capacityMinbaeva, Dana; Michailova, Snejina (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: There is a limited amount of studies, which investigate how different managerial practices may influence the behavior of knowledge senders in multinational corporations (MNCs). This paper addresses this gap by looking at whether and how certain expatriation practices can enhance a) the ability and b) the willingness of expatriates to transfer the knowledge they possess from the headquarters to the respective subsidiaries. By stepping on two bodies of literature, namely the knowledge transfer literature and the expatriation literature, we suggest that MNCs may enhance the expatriates’ willingness to transfer their knowledge through the employment of long-term expatriation practices. Expatriates’ ability to transfer knowledge may be increased through their involvement in short-term assignments, frequent flyers arrangements and international commuters practices. We test empirically the hypotheses on the basis of data from 92 subsidiaries of Danish MNCs located in 11 countries. Key words: knowledge transfer, MNC, expatriation, dissemination capacity URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7295 Files in this item: 1
knowledge transfer.pdf (66.95Kb) -
Do the Codes of Conduct and Ethics reflect Reality in Management Consulting?Maula, Marjatta; Poulfelt, Flemming (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The management consulting firms’ competence and capacity to provide high quality services and thereby create, transfer and develop managerial knowledge have an important role for the client firms and the society. The international management consulting associations have formulated Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics that aim to regulate and provide guidelines for the management consulting firms’ activities. This paper investigates whether there is a fit between the Codes and (a) the current modes of management consulting, and (b) the needs of the consulting firms to learn and develop continually their knowledge base and competencies. The analysis indicates that the majority of the Codes tend to support one-directional, i.e., ‘directive’, ‘content-based’, and ‘transplantation-based’ type of consulting. In the cases where the Codes recommend interaction, they could emphasize two-directionality and mutual interaction between the consultant and the client more clearly and explicitly, in the spirit of ‘nondirective’, ‘process-based’, and ‘translation-based’ consulting models. As to the development of the consulting firms’ knowledge and competencies, the analysis reveals that the Codes emphasize necessary qualifications and the quality of advice. With two exceptions the Codes do not directly and explicitly indicate the dynamic aspect, i.e., that the consulting firms should develop their skills and knowledge continually. Also, there is variation concerning the methods to develop competencies. Therefore, there are several unutilized opportunities to develop the Codes to meet better the needs of the knowledge society. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6313 Files in this item: 1
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The Impact of Prior Trust-based RelationsGammelgård, Jens (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Prior relations between the acquiring firm and the target company pave the way for knowledge transfers subsequent to the acquisitions. One major reason is that through the market-based relations the two actors build up mutual trust and simultaneously they learn how to communicate. An empirical study of 54 Danish acquisitions taking place abroad from 1994 to 1998 demonstrated that when there was a high level of trust between the acquiring firm and the target firm before the take-over, then medium and strong tie-binding knowledge transfer mechanisms, such as project groups and job rotation, were used more intensively. Further, the degree of stickiness was significantly lower in the case of prior trust-based relations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6923 Files in this item: 1
linkwp02-24.pdf (129.1Kb) -
Pedersen, Torben; Sharma, Deo; Petersen, Bent (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This large-scale study explores the performance implications of different combinations of knowledge sourcing and transfer mechanisms of multinational corporations (MNCs). The focus is on transfer of internationalization knowledge. After having acquired knowledge in foreign markets, the MNCs face a choice as to the mechanism used for transferring this knowledge to other units of the corporation. MNCs can use "rich communication media" that are able to transfer experiential knowledge as acquired originally. Alternatively, the MNCs may aim to codify the knowledge in written media in order to transfer it to other units. A wrong choice of transfer mechanism may result in unnecessarily high communication costs or impaired quality of the knowledge subject to transfer. On the basis of data on Danish MNCs the performance implications of the transfer mechanism choice is examined. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6890 Files in this item: 1
linkwp01-6.pdf (177.2Kb) -
The Roles of Knowledge Sources and Organizational Instruments in MNC Knowledge ManagementFoss, Nicolai J; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Recent research on the differentiated MNC has concerned knowledge flows between MNC units. While linking up with this literature, we extend in two directions. First, we argue that conceptualizing the MNC as a knowledge structure furthers the understanding of intra-MNC knowledge flows. Thus, we see MNC knowledge elements as being structured along such dimensions as their type and degree of complementarity to other knowledge elements, and their sources, for example, whether they are mainly developed from external or internal knowledge sources. These dimensions matter in terms of knowledge flows, because they influence the costs and benefits of knowledge transfer and, hence, the actual level of knowledge transferred. Second, based on this conceptualization, we argue that MNC management can influence the development, characteristics and transfer of knowledge through choices regarding organizational instruments (control, motivation and context). We test six hypotheses derived from these arguments against a unique dataset on subsidiary knowledge development. The dataset includes information on organizational instruments, sources of subsidiary knowledge, and the extent of knowledge transfer to other MNC units. It covers more than 2,000 subsidiaries located in seven different European countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7317 Files in this item: 1
03-09.pdf (594.9Kb) -
the roles of knowledge sources and organizational instruments for knowledge creation and transferFoss, Nicolai Juul; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Björkman, Ingmar; Fey, Carl F.; Minbaeva, Dana; Park, Hyeon Jeong; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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Minbaeva, Dana; Pedersen, Torben; Björkman, Ingmar; Fey, Carl F.; Park, H.J. (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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organizing the transfer of technology and knowledgeTryggestad, Kjell (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this work is to conduct a theoretical and empirical investigation of how the market institution performs in the context of technology and knowledge transfer. The notion of political markets, first introduced by Adam Smith, is extended to the artifacts of technology and their associated factor markets. The paper develops the notion of political markets by drawing upon an empirical case that reconstructs the chain of events related to the transfer of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). The case account for the various actors and institutions involved in the technology transfer, including the firms on both sides of the market, the government, the engineering-scientists, the economists, the union representatives and the machinists. It is argued that Natural markets is a special case of political markets in which technologies and hybrid entities and identities produce both the Natural market as well as its master – the pure technological relations. Neither the Natural market, nor Homo economicus can be brought into existence without pure technological relations. The existence of the latter is a necessary condition for the existence of the two former, as has already been recognized by neoclassical economics. The present work makes a constructive contribution to neoclassical economics in this respect, by describing and analyzing all the work of purification that enters into the task of bringing the necessary conditions into existence. Indeed, the process of purification that brings purified 3 technologies, natural markets and rational identities like homo economicus into existence, require huge investments, as do their maintenance. Technical knowledge turned out to be no exception. As the case suggests, technical knowledge was not just a given condition, but became a produced outcome. Yet, the process of knowledge production continued, transforming given technical knowledge in unexpected ways. Technical knowledge also became a negotiated outcome during the transfer of FMS. Hence, when market transaction takes place, knowledge it self can be transformed, and with it, the conditions for conducting the market transaction. So, the notion of political markets proposed here, suggests that knowledge can be both premises as well as an outcome of market transaction – as knowledge, its status and distribution - can be negotiated in the process. Instead of criticizing Homo economicus and (neo) classical economics, the notion of political markets thus proposed imply a constructive contribution to economics, notably to the core of neo classical economics: Through out this paper, it is argued with reference to both theory and own empirical fieldwork, that neoclassical economics participate in the successful purification of technological relations. Yet, in order to provide for an explanation of such a successful outcome, it is not enough to account for economists among themselves. As has already been suggested by Callon (1998) and the associated work on the anthropology of markets, also such material associations as computer based calculations and simulations of the macro-economy must be brought into the explanation. In more specific terms, the puzzling ‘residual’ in the neoclassical production function can be explained by now also taking into account the many subtle ways economics itself interfere in making up the residual. Neoclassical economics only have to refine their production function by adding to it the significance of material associations such as computer based calculations and simulations of the macro-economy. Done properly, a revised macro-economic model would emerge, capable of handling ‘market failures’ in new ways. Instead of attributing all failures to the market and no failures to technology, a more symmetric distribution of failures between the two entities would be allowed for. Further more, each time a ‘residual’ emerges from applying the revised model, it is no longer simply due to ‘technical change’ but also due to ‘market failures’. Hence, such a revised macro-economic model not only allow neoclassical economics to maintain the distinction between technology and the market but also allows for the flexibility of including those entities previously excluded, that is, the material associations and inscriptions that participates in making up the distinctions between the two. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6676 Files in this item: 1
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