Browsing Working Papers (INF) by Title
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A global perspective on ICT and illiteracyNielsen, Janni (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The process of globalization is opening new windows for Danish initiatives. The requirement for innovation and development of new areas as a consequence of the globalization will lead to radical changes and the IT businesses need to take active part in the development. But in order to understand and explain the globalization process we also have to understand the limitations. One such limitation is found in the global digitalization of information- and communication processes. This global development requires, from the world citizens, literacy in use of computers. The majority of the world populations are illiterates, they are not only technical illiterates but also illiterates in the traditional sense: they cannot read and write, however, the global ICT development largely disregards the problem with illiteracy and cultural differences. It seems that a future area of growth for the Danish IT business with their specific competencies may be to strengthen the user oriented and interdisciplinary approaches to design and development of ICT applications - targeted to specific cultural groups and the illiterates - in developing countries and also to large groups of immigrants in the developed world. India is an example of the global structural changes. India has developed an impressive ICT industry and has a very high level of expertise in software engineering. India’s government has a vision for e-democracy and have implemented e-government systems, which also address the rural populations. But the Indian population is very large and the potential users are highly diverse groups of which many are illiterate. Denmark has an IT industry that supplements India’s, e.g. a strong expertise in e-government, and ICT for the agriculture. Denmark has a long tradition for cooperation between IT developers, researchers and users and is strong in interdisciplinary approaches to development and design of ICT applications. Denmark also has a tradition for a human centred design, and usability is seen as a competitive factor. In India usability is on the agenda in only few IT companies, and it is also new to the academic world (Pradeep Y. 2004). Copenhagen Business School, department of Informatics has for the last 18 months been involved in the establishment of a Euro-India Centre. The departments research group on human-computer interaction(HCI) has prioritized HCI work in the Asian world for the last 4 years (Clemmensen 2004, Nielsen Janni 2004, Nielsen, Clemmensen and Yssing 2002, Levinsen, K. 2002, Nielsen, Lene and Gregers Koch 2003). The wish for a collaborative network has come about as a result of meetings and discussions between researchers from especially India and Denmark and also from Great Britain and Sweden. The first Indian conference on HCI in December 2004 and the initiative from CBS, department of Informatics in May 2005 where an Indian – European workshop was held, created the basis for this network application. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6464 Files in this item: 1
11_2005.pdf (358.2Kb) -
et design perspektiv på repræsentationer af mennesket i Informationsteknologiens metoder og teknikkerNielsen, Janni; Ørngreen, Rikke; Levinsen, Karin; Yssing, Carsten; Clemmensen, Torkil; Nielsen, Lene (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
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The Case of DenmarkBjørn-Andersen, Niels; Viborg Andersen, Kim (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The Danish companies are ahead of the US in B2C e-commerce. With the exception of Germany, Denmark is leading the group of 10 countries included in the survey data forming the basis for this report. The average global sample and countries as Germany is performing substantial better than Denmark on B2B on-line sales. Danish companies have high level of investments in IT, have the lowest barriers for ecommerce and the highest levels of e-commerce drivers. On most indicators for readiness e-commerce such as companies use of e-mail, intranet, EDI, extranet, and provision of mobile services... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6484 Files in this item: 1
gec_paper_iii_dk_august_2003.pd.pdf (329.4Kb) -
Røhme, Thomas (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Rai, Sudhanshu; Pedersen, Mogens Kuhn (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
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Nielsen, Janni; Yssing, Carsten (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Thinking Aloud Thinking Aloud is the most commonly used technique used to test users´ interaction with computers. The assumption is that Think Aloud gives access to what goes on in the users´ minds. However, interfaces are multi modal and play heavily on user´s visual perception. Reflecting upon Think Aloud (TA), we ask the question: what happens when users are required to verbalise their visual perceptions and interactions? We argue that TA may have a disruptive effect, suggesting that other techniques be considered. With a theoretical distinction between focal and subsidiary awareness and a focus on the sense making process, we develop a frame for test of user´s visual interaction which rely on the coordination between hand/mouse and eye/cursor. Author Keywords: Think Aloud, visual perception, interaction, test URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6485 Files in this item: 1
20-2004.pdf (323.0Kb) -
the case of decision support in health care administrationKühn Pedersen, Mogens; Holm Larsen, Michael (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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a case-based comparison of commercial wholesaling and retailing softwareLoebbecke, Claudia; Juul, Niels Christian (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
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Open Standards and Their Early AdoptionKühn Pedersen, Mogens; Fomin, Vladislav V. (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Standards have proven themselves indispensable to the industrial revolution. How are standards developed today? What does the economics of standards tell about the impact of standards upon economic growth and productivity? Do standards influence industry innovation? How are the standardization processes in the field of ICT taking place? How and why do open standards differ from other types of standards? How may open standards influence ICT government policy and the reverse: How will government need to take action in the face of the international trend toward open standards in ICT? URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6498 Files in this item: 1
no_01-2006.pdf (340.7Kb) -
Zinner Henriksen, Helle; Viborg Andersen, Kim; Juul, Niels Christian (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Sammenfatning af undersøgelsen En netop gennemført spørgeskemaundersøgelse afdækker et betydeligt skift i kommunernes anvendelse af Internettet til indkøb i 2004 i forhold til to og fem år tidligere, hvor tilsvarende undersøgelser blev gennemført. Hvor det i 2002 var de mindre kommuner der var bedre til at søge information om vareindkøb på nettet, er dette billede dramatisk ændret i 2004. De mellemstore kommuner og store kommuner har distanceret de mindre kommuner. Det er overvejende de store kommuner der anvender e-indkøb og udnytter en stor del af de muligheder e-indkøb giver. De danske kommuner har i betydeligt omfang taget Internettet til sig på indkøbsområdet. Fra for fem år siden at være stort set uberørt af Internettet, er det i dag mindre end 2 procent der ikke køber ind via Internettet dagligt, ugentligt eller månedligt. De danske kommuner klarer sig ikke bare godt vurderet ud fra tidligere års præstationer, men også sammenlignet med norske kommuner som har indgået i undersøgelsen. De norske kommuner der medvirkede i undersøgelsen, er således på samme niveau, som de danske var for godt to år siden. Undersøgelsen viser, at den væsentligste drivkraft for implementering er forbedring af arbejdsrutiner, mens økonomiske besparelser kommer længere nede af listen. Trods den positive vurdering af mulighederne for bedre arbejdsrutiner og økonomiske besparelser, er kun 3% af kommunernes leverandører e-indkøbs leverandører, mindre end 1% af kommunernes indkøbsbudget anvendes online og blot 3% af kommunernes fakturaer modtages som e-fakturaer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6444 Files in this item: 1
03_2005.pdf (321.0Kb) -
EDI applications in DenmarkViborg Andersen, Kim; Juul, Niels Christian; Bjørn-Andersen, Niels; Bunker, Deborah (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Designing for the "cultural other"Nielsen, Janni; Yssing, Carsten; Levinsen, Karin; Clemmensen, Torkil; Ørngreen, Rikke; Nielsen, Lene (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Differences in cultural contexts constitute differences in cognition, and research has shown that different cultures may use different cognitive tools for perception and reasoning. The cultural embeddings are significant in relation to HCI, because the cultural context is also embedded in the techniques and the tools that we apply. We lack a framework for discussing what and who we are, when we talk about a person as the user of an ICT system that has to be designed, developed and implemented. As a framework, we suggest a theory of complementary positions that insists on solid accounts from all observer posi-tions in relation to perspective, standpoint and focus. We need to develop com-plementary theories that embed complexity, and we need to reflect critically upon forty years of dominance by rationalistic, empirical understandings of the user as illustrated in the literature and practice within the HCI paradigm in system development. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6454 Files in this item: 1
03_2006.pdf (226.9Kb) -
Rai, Sudhanshu; Pedersen, Mogens Kuhn (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
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Nielsen, Lene (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: design ideas. The concept of engaging personas and narrative scenario explores personas in the light of what what it is to identify with and have empathy with a character. The concept of narrative scenarios views the narrative as aid for exploration of design ideas. Both concepts incorporate a distinktion between creating, writing and reading. Keywords: personas, scenarios, user-centered design, HCI URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6448 Files in this item: 1
working paper 2004 16.pdf (542.0Kb) -
en undersøgelse af Sigchi.dk fællesskabets videnClemmensen, Torkil; Leisner, Pelle (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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the influence of movement on user's visual attentionPetersen, Helle; Nielsen, Janni (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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Bjørn-Andersen, Niels; Mørup-Petersen, Anders (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Introducing Seven New Product Project Types for the Study of Innovation ManagementRosenø, Axel (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Product innovativeness is a key moderating variable for the study of innovation management (Song & Montoya-Weiss 1998, p. 124). For this reason, some empirical studies of innovation management examine new product processes, critical success factors, and market learning practices for incremental versus discontinuous new product projects (Song & Montoya-Weiss 1998; Atuahene-Gima 1995; Veryzer 1998a; Lynn et al. 1996; O’Connor 1998; Rice et al. 1998). By looking at both these types of new product development projects, empirical observations are likely to be more realistic than those of studies that do not discriminate between more or less innovative projects. Even so, a dualistic view of the matter does not capture the nuances (Green et al. 1995)1 of the relationship between product innovativeness and innovation management practices. Hence, there is a need for richer innovativeness typologies that go beyond the dichotomous view and, thereby, lend themselves to a more finegrained study of innovation management practices for different types of new product projects. In fact, various innovativeness typologies exist that include more than two product types. Notably, the typology by Booz, Allen & Hamilton (1982)2 introduces two dimensions: newness to the market and newness to the company, resulting in six products types (with various combinations of high, medium and low newness). An alternative set of typologies differentiates between the product’s technological newness and its market newness, for example Abernathy & Clark’s (1985) typology with four new product types; Leonard-Barton’s (1995) five product types; and Veryzer’s (1998a) four types in a two-by-two matrix. Interestingly, these two meta-perspectives on product innovativeness (i.e. 1. new to the market and/or new to the company and 2. technological and/or market newness) are generally not included within the same typology in extant literature. For example, discussions of the technological and/or market newness of a product, often leave out the question of whether that newness is in the eyes of the industry and market (exogenous newness) or only for the focal firm itself (endogenous newness). More broadly, it can be stated that "... little continuity exists in the new product literature regarding from whose perspective this degree of newness is viewed and what is new" (Garcia & Calantone 2002, p. 112). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6441 Files in this item: 1
01-2005.pdf (2.685Mb) -
Viborg Andersen, Kim; Juul, Niels Chr.; Korzen-Bohr, Sara; Pedersen, Jimmy Kevin (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Clemmensen, Torkil (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Interaction design and usability have become important contributors to economic and cultural development in emergent economies in today’s global distribution of the use and production of IT, but research and practice that incorporate cultural and non-western perspectives on software and interactive products are still in their infancy. This chapter presents theory of cultural cognitive styles and standard usability, and a framework for thinking about the maturity of cultural usability. The framework has five levels. Level I concerns the localization of the user interface, level II focuses on the localization of the usability evaluation methods, level III emerges with new user groups, level IV concerns historical changes in the concept of usability itself, and level V deals with managing a complexity of user groups. The chapter uses recent empirical results from studies of culture and usability to illustrate the need for the framework for thinking about the maturity of cultural usability. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7949 Files in this item: 1
WP_2009_002.pdf (1.486Mb)