Browsing Working Papers (INF) by Title
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Viborg Andersen, Kim; Zinner Henriksen, Helle (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Bhutan is in economic terms highly dependent of tourism. E-tourism is in this report assessed as a mean to maintain the current positive development in tourism and as a driver for extending tourism to new markets. Effective use of information, communication, distribution and transactions through the new media, such as the Internet, can lead to an increased level of economic activity in the tourism sector in Bhutan. Also, the indirect economic impacts on transportation, accommodation and the retail/ handicraft industry can be substantial. The macro-economic impacts of e-tourism in terms GDP growth, improvement of the foreign exchange balance, and increased employment are in this report described in three scenarios based on a forecasted annual increase in tourism by 15%. In the event driven scenario where the Bhutanese tourism industry manages to increase the number of bed nights per tourist and their consumption by 15% and to increase the number of international arrivals by 5%, there is a short term increase in the GDP output from the tourism sector and the dependent sectors by 22.4%, an improvement of the foreign exchange balance by 1.2 million USD, and an increase in the employment in the tourism sector and the dependent sectors by 5.1%. In the transition driven scenario the Bhutanese tourism sector manages to use the internet and other technologies to increase the number of international arrivals by 15% but the number of bed nights increases by only 5% and the consumption by 5%. In this scenario, the GDP output increases by 8.7% and employment by only 2.3%, whereas the foreign exchange balance increases by 623,000 USD. In the tourism consumption spending driven scenario, there is an increase in the number of international arrivals and bed nights by 5% only, but the consumption by tourists increases by 15%. Thus, the GDP contribution from the tourism sector and the dependent sectors increases by 15.5% and employment by 6.7%, whereas the foreign exchange balance increases by 873,000 USD. There are several challenges to be met in order for the full scale benefits of e-tourism to materialize. Effective online visa procedures and marketing training of tour operators are being implemented as part of the E-Bhutis project. Economic incentives for the tour operators and the scale of economics benefits are less visible in the current business structure. The relative limited international orientation of the tour market and the lack of international players at the Bhutan market are other inhibiting factors for e-tourism to materialize in the Bhutanese economy. This report also highlights several facilitating factors for e-tourism to flourish: the commitment by the Association of Bhutanese Tour Operators (ABTO) and the willingness of the various institutional players to facilitate a smoother visa application process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6439 Files in this item: 1
wp2006-009.pdf (438.6Kb) -
Gatti, Anna; Vendelø, Morten Thanning (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Our paper reports research from the emerging institutional field of venture capitalists in Europe. In Europe venture capitalism began to emerge about ten years ago, and thus, in Europe the phenomenon has the characteristics of emergence and novelty, as a local in-dustry venture capitalists have yet to develop distinctive characteristics. The European countries do not constitute a homogeneous institutional environment, but must be per-ceived as different local settings, and thus, venture capitalism may evolve into different forms in the various parts of Europe. The objective is to understand if and how differen-ces in local institutional settings affect learning and adaptation by European venture ca-pitalists and start-ups, and thus, affect the processes of field formation. For example, it has been observed that institutional settings can facilitate or discourage learning from direct experience (Herriot et al., 1985). Thus, depending on the institutional settings venture capitalists and start-ups may rely on diffusion of experience in various degrees. Experiences can diffuse from the US, where venture capitalism as an entrepreneurial form evolved in Silicon Valley in the 1970s. In the US venture capitalists represent an institutionalized type of organization with formalized rules and standards, codified be-havior and roles (Suchman, 1995; Suchman et al., 2001). European venture capitalists and start-ups may imitate behavior and rules developed in Silicon Valley, and thus, a second research objective is to understand if and how US venture capitalism affect the evolvement of venture capitalism in Europe. We study the emergence of a venture capitalist industry in Denmark and Italy, and thus, by selecting two countries with distinctive differences in cultures and institutions, we study learning and adaptation by venture capitalists and start-ups in different institutio-nal settings. We suggest that venture capitalists and start-ups perceiving institutional settings as non venture-friendly are more likely to rely on learning by imitation than on trial-and-error learning. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6515 Files in this item: 1
05_2005.pdf (492.0Kb) -
Bjørn-Andersen, Niels; Viborg Andersen, Kim; Holm Larsen, Michael; Schou, Peter (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Danish banks have traditionally been in the absolute forefront globally as regards the automation and introduction of IT since the mid 60’ies. But when the e-commerce opportunities emerged in the late 90’ies, the majority of the Danish banks resisted the development. They saw no reason to be the prime movers in cannibalising their own key competitive advantage, the 2.500+ retail-outlets (branches) placed on all the best locations on corners of the shopping streets1. However, once pure Internet banks were introduced in 1998 - 2000, all major banks (and the computing centres servicing the smaller banks) launched massive initiatives to bring the brick-and-mortar banks back into the driver seat using Internet banking. At the end of 2003 more than 30% of all Danish bank customers are using Internet. This development in the banking industry is illustrated using two cases. The first is one of the most ambitious attempts at creating a Nordic based large international financial service company, capable of spearheading the transition to the digital economy - the case of Nordea. This bank is in the midst of various transformation processes across the organisation due to several years of multiple cross boarder mergers and acquisitions, new composition of the group executive management, increasing thrives towards automation of business processes to reduce costs, and different innovations involving a change of the roles of value network partners. The other case is Lån & Spar Bank, which is one of the smaller Danish banks, who have its basic IT services done at a joint computing centre owned with many other smaller banks, but have its own IT development for strategic purposed done in-house in close collaboration with the business units. This bank has been in the forefornt in adopting new IT-solutions. This report consists of an analysis of the background for the development of the Danish banking sectors, the key processes in the Danish banking industry, the environmental and policy actors influencing the development, the e-commerce readiness in the Danish banking sector, the diffusion of e-commerce, and finally the impact on efficiency, industry structure and competition. The main results are that there are more Danish financial institutions having Internet technologies and Internet applications than in the other nine countries in the GEC survey. Furthermore, we suspect that they have had it for a longer period on average than found elsewhere in the sample. However, when we compare the figures in the GEC-survey on the ‘ Use of Internet for the different business processes’, and ‘On-line support’, the number of Danish financial institutions having Internet applications is not higher than in the other countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6483 Files in this item: 1
04-2004.pdf (824.9Kb) -
the role of absorptive capacityMahnke, Volker; Pedersen, Torben; Venzin, Markus (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Empirical studies on the impact of knowledge management on the performance of MNC subsidiaries remain elusive to date. This study examines the effect of knowledge management tools such as corporate university, communities of practice, group benchmarking, learning systems and rewards upon absorptive capacity and performance with unique data from subsidiary units in a large German MNC – Heidelberger Cement. The findings suggest that knowledge management tools unfold their performance impact through their significant influence on absorptive capacity and knowledge inflows. The key contributions to the current literature on knowledge flows in the MNC include an empirically corroborated link between deployments of knowledge management tools and their impact on the subsidiary employee’s ability and motivation to learn from internal knowledge flows in the MNC as well as their impact on subsidiary business performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6495 Files in this item: 1
01-2004-3.pdf (471.2Kb) -
how to make KM survive in adverse economic circumstances?Mahnke, Volker; Venzin, Markus (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Clemmensen, Torkil (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This is a collection of talks on usability and culture with prominent researchers and practitioners on the Indian interaction design and usability scene: Apala Chavan, Anirudha Joshi, Dinesh Katre, Devashish Pandya, Sammeer Chabukswar, and Pradeep Yammiyavar. I did these talks because for several years I have been the coordinator of a cross cultural research project in India, China and Denmark that aims at investigating the impact of culture on the results of established methods of usability testing. During these years I gradually have come to realize the need for letting the prominent researchers and practitioners in the Indian software industry and university world speak about the big questions in the field. Without this grand context, it is in fact impossible to understand what research experiments will tell us about interaction design and usability in India and abroad. Therefore I first give an introduction to cultural usability and then present the six talks. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6445 Files in this item: 1
02-2008.pdf (597.9Kb) -
a study of how organisational identity influences the strategy-making processKjærgaard, Annemette (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Organisations have to deal with increasingly complex and turbulent environments, which demand that they continuously change and adapt to new circumstances or challenges. One way for organisations to cope with these challenges is to manage the strategy-making process in order to ensure that a continuous stream of new ideas and initiatives create new opportunities and ensure that the company stays viable by adapting to new internal and external challenges. This has been pursued in studies of strategy formation (Mintzberg, 1978), strategic change (Pettigrew, 1988) and internal corporate venturing (Burgelman, 1983b, 2002) and is still a central issue in the strategic management discourse. It is generally acknowledged that continuous change is important for organisations’ survival in a changing world. On the other hand the need for stability and continuity in form of a clear and strong corporate identity is also acknowledged to be critical for organisational success (Collins & Porras, 1994). Where the organisational identity works to ensure consistency in the company’s strategic action, the strategy making process works to renew the current concept of strategy (Burgelman, 1983b). Organisations thus face a dilemma when they engage in strategy-making to reconcile the perpetual tension between continuity and change (Burgelman, 2002). This challenge is far from new and has been discussed as e.g. the balance between exploration and exploitation (March, 1991). This article attempts to answer the question of how organisational actors’ perception of organisational identity influences the strategy-making process during organisational change. The study adopts an evolutionary approach to the unfolding of the strategy-making process, using the variation-selection-retention framework of cultural evolutionary theory (Aldrich, 1999; Campbell, 1969; Weick, 1979), which has been applied to the strategy-making process by Burgelman in several of his works (Burgelman, 1983a, 1983b, 1991, 2002, 2003). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6497 Files in this item: 1
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Vendelø, Morten Thanning (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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An HCI Study with the Lundbeck InstituteØrngreen, Rikke N.; Nielsen, Janni; Levinsen, Karin; Stanley Christensen, Elise; Mortensen, Ole E. (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This working paper presents the first results of a close collaboration between the HCI-Research Group, at the Department of Informatics, CBS and the Lundbeck Institute.This report contains the resulting descriptions of analyses, investigations and evaluations carried out in the pre-phase. The working paper is written considering both the current and future context of the Lundbeck Institute and what we (in the HCI Research Group) know and need to know more about with respect to the future users of the e-learning activities. Another of our concern has been to investigate the Lundbeck Institute current activities and raise questions that the Institute needs to consider when contemplating a relatively large e-learning project. However, we find that the concepts investigated and the processes we have been through have a general relevance. We are thus grateful to the Lundbeck Institute for allowing publication of these pre-phase results. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6450 Files in this item: 1
03-2004-7.pdf (1.530Mb) -
Mahnke, Volker; Venzin, Markus (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
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Elkjær, Bente (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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The influence of technological regimes and strategic posturesMahnke, Volker; Overby, Mikkel Lucas; Özcan, Serden (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: IT-enabled innovations are of increasing importance for competitive success in most sectors today. This paper offers a novel theoretical and empirically illustrated explanation of why IT-outsourcing strategies differ between innovative first-movers, fast followers and late entrants. In particular, an analysis of three companies in the financial sector - Charles Schwab, Fidelity Investment, and Merrill Lynch - reveals that governance choices influence a company’s ap-propriable learning curve advantage to slow down or speed up adoption and imitation of IT-enabled innovation. Moreover, we discuss the implications of governance choices in techno-logical environments characterised by either accumulation or disruption. Keywords: IT-enabled innovation, outsourcing, technological regime, strategic posture, first-mover advantages, financial services, online brokerage URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6488 Files in this item: 1
02-2004.pdf (878.3Kb) -
The Case of Mobile Service ProvidersEngel Nielsen, Lars; Mahnke, Volker (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Many companies in high technology fields engage with alliance partners to reduce risks, create synergies and learn. While the challenges of managing individual alliances are well documented, little is known on how to manage several R&D alliances simultaneously. Multiple alliance strategies can be observed in several companies engaged in the cross section of telecommunication and mobile technology where increased complexity magnifies managerial challenges. Drawing on modern portfolio theory, this paper offers a model for managing portfolios of R&D alliances. In particular, an analysis of a technology platform leader reveals how companies can reduce several types of risks associated with new technology and gain synergies by engaging in several alliances simultaneously. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6493 Files in this item: 1
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The case of Mobile CommerceMahnke, Volker; Overby, Mikkel Lucas (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Many companies in the cross section of telecommunication and mobile technology engage in R&D collaborations to manage uncertainty, create synergies and learn. While the challenges of managing individual collaborations are well documented, little is known on how to systematically manage several R&D collaborations simultaneously. We use modern portfolio theory as an analogy to show how companies active in mobile telecommunication manage risks and create synergies by simultaneously engaging in several inter-firm collaborations. Keywords: Portfolio theory, risk, synergy, R&D collaboration, mobile commerce URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6502 Files in this item: 1
16-2004.pdf (341.8Kb) -
an empirical validation of the HED/UT scaleHeijden, Hans van der; Sangstad Sørensen, Lotte (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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mobile decisions aids, task complexity, and decision effectivenessHeijden, Hans van der; Sangstad Sørensen, Lotte (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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Understanding and Addressing Workplace Disgruntlement through the Application of Organisational JusticeWillison, Robert (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Within the IS security field, employee computer crime has received increased attention. Indeed, a number of researchers have focused their attention on the behaviour of the ‘insider’, both prior to and during the perpetration. Despite this, there is currently an absence of academic insight into the problem of workplace disgruntlement and how this may motivate employee computer crime. To address this deficiency, this paper draws on a body of knowledge called ‘organisational justice’, which examines how perceptions of fairness are formed. Under this umbrella term are four constructs which relate to different organisational phenomena and influence employees’ fairness perceptions. It is believed that these constructs, entitled distributive, procedural, interactional and informational justice, and the theories which underpin them, can not only assist in understanding, but also in mitigating disgruntlement. To illustrate this, a case of employee computer sabotage is analysed, highlighting which forms of organisational justice occurred, and how they could have been addressed. The discussion section notes how mitigating disgruntlement provides a new area for safeguard implementation, with the final part of the paper discussing the conclusions and potential for future research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7759 Files in this item: 1
WP_2009_001.pdf (249.0Kb) -
The Evolution of the Indian IT IndustrySudhanshu, Rai (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this article I discuss the Indian outsourcing phenomena and ask the question now what? Using data from the Euro-India project I demonstrate that a small but significant part of the Indian IT entities are moving beyond outsourcing, to co-creation where Innovation and the desire to create new markets is the key driver. This does not imply that outsourcing will disappear but it does mean that firms will engage in globalization using innovative mix of business models and technical platforms. We discuss the implication of this slow transformation to co-creation of innovation for the global outsourcing industry. The key thesis of this paper is to discuss co-creation as a form of innovation and how such a form of innovation is likely to bring Indian companies rich dividends. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8262 Files in this item: 1
Sudhanshu_Working Paper 7.pdf (69.65Kb) -
Heijden, Hans van der; Sangsted Sørensen, Lotte (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
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Beyond the Business CaseHolck, Jesper; Kühn Pedersen, Mogens; Holm Larsen, Michael (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Lately we have seen a growing interest from both public and private organisations to adopt Open Source Software (OSS), not only for a few, specific applications but also on a more general level throughout the organisation. As a consequence, the organisations’ decisions on adoption of OSS are becoming increasingly more important and complex. We present three perspectives organisations can employ in their decisions: seeing OSS acquisition as a business case, as COTS acquisition, and as architectural change within a governance framework. We present case studies of decisions on OSS adoption, and categorise the decision criteria we have found. Our results indicate that for large-scale adoption of OSS, focus will be on architectural considerations: enterprise-wide architectures will at first be a barrier, but in the long term OSS’s support of open standards can be a major enabler for OSS adoption. In contrast, in smaller organisations and in small-scale adoption of OSS, the cheap price of OSS is a major enabler, as it provides a good opportunity for experiments and short-term economic benefits. For small organisations these experiments can lead to development of a common IT-architecture, and in larger organisations OSS can be adopted in niche-areas, without significantly violating an existing IT-architecture. Keywords: open source, COTS, IT architecture, governance URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6471 Files in this item: 1
07_2005.pdf (167.0Kb)