Browsing Working Papers (INO) by Title
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Now showing items 66-83 of 83
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Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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Lorenzen, Mark (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
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Individuals, Teams and Research Infrastructure in the European UnionFoss, Kirsten; Foss, Nicolai (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This report maps research in institutional economics in management science in the European Union for the 1995 to 2002 period. The reports applies Internet search based on a university listing, search on journal databases, key informants and an internet-based survey. 195 researchers are identified. In (sub-)disciplinary terms, organization, strategy, corporate governance, and international business are the major areas of application of institutional economics ideas. In terms of countries, the EU strongholds are Holland, Denmark, UK, and Germany. There is apparently no or very little relevant research in Ireland, Portugal, Luxembourg and Greece. Based on the findings of the report, it seems warranted to characterize the EU research effort in the field as being rather dispersed and uncoordinated. Thus, there are no specialized journals, associations or PhD courses. This state of affairs is partly explainable by the highly pragmatic way in which research in management science is typically conducted (so that institutional economics approaches are likely to be merely one type of input among many). Keywords Institutional economics, management science, European union. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7278 Files in this item: 1
wp03-03.pdf (1.012Mb) -
strategy, R&D and the management of technologyHusted, Kenneth; Frøslev Christensen, Jens (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
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Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field ExperimentKoudstaal, Martin; Sloof, Randolph; van Praag, Mirjam (Rotterdam, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Theory predicts that entrepreneurs have distinct attitudes towards risk and uncertainty, but empirical evidence is mixed. To better understand the unique behavioral characteristics of entrepreneurs and the causes of these mixed results, we perform a large ‘lab-in-the-field’ experiment comparing entrepreneurs to managers – a suitable comparison group – and employees (n = 2288). The results indicate that entrepreneurs perceive themselves as less risk averse than managers and employees, in line with common wisdom. However, when using experimental incentivized measures, the differences are subtler. Entrepreneurs are only found to be unique in their lower degree of loss aversion, and not in their risk or ambiguity aversion. This combination of results might be explained by our finding that perceived risk attitude is not only correlated to risk aversion but also to loss aversion. Overall, we therefore suggest using a broader definition of risk that captures this unique feature of entrepreneurs; their willingness to risk losses. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9034 Files in this item: 1
Praag.pdf (1.181Mb) -
Sanchez, Ron (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Part I of this paper applies the principles of the philosophy of science and the derived scientific method to analyze the foundational concepts and core proposition of the Resource-Based View (RBV) as popularized by Barney (1986, 1991, 1997). This analysis identifies seven fundamental conceptual deficiencies and logic problems in Barney’s conceptualization of "strategically valuable resources” and in Barney’s VRIO framework for identifying strategically valuable resources that can be sources of sustained competitive advantage. Three problems -- the Value Conundrum, the Tautology Problem in the Identification of Resources, and the Absence of a Chain of Causality -- relate to the RBV’s and VRIO’s failure to provide an adequate conceptual basis for identifying strategically valuable resources. The Uniqueness Dilemma, the Cognitive Impossibility Dilemma, and an Asymmetry in Assumptions about Resource Factor Markets result in an inability of the VRIO framework to support identification of resources that can be sources of sustained competitive advantage. More fundamentally, the core proposition of the RBV – that resources that are strategically valuable, rare, inimitable, and organizationally embedded are sources of sustainable competitive advantage – is argued to result directly in the Epistemological Impossibility Problem that precludes use of the scientific method in RBV research. This paper argues that until these conceptual deficiencies and logic problems are recognized and remedied, the RBV – in spite of its current popularity -- is and will remain theoretically sterile and incapable of contributing in any systematic way to the development of strategy theory. Part II of this paper then suggests how foundational concepts developed within the competence perspective on strategy provide essential remedies for the identified deficiencies and problems in the RBV -- and thereby provide a more conceptually adequate basis for representing the nature of firms in the scientific study of their interactions and competitive outcomes. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7231 Files in this item: 1
wp02-2008.pdf (629.3Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
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Mahnke, Volker; Aadne, John Harald (København, 1997)[More information][Less information]
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Iversen, Mikael (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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[More information][Less information]
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Approaches to Knowledge Management PracticeSanchez, Ron (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper explains two fundamental approaches to knowledge management. The tacit knowledge approach emphasizes understanding the kinds of knowledge that individuals in an organization have, moving people to transfer knowledge within an organization, and managing key individuals as knowledge creators and carriers. By contrast, the explicit knowledge approach emphasizes processes for articulating knowledge held by individuals, the design of organizational approaches for creating new knowledge, and the development of systems (including information systems) to disseminate articulated knowledge within an organization. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both approaches to knowledge management are summarized. A synthesis of tacit and knowledge management approaches is recommended to create a hybrid design for the knowledge management practices in a given organization. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7224 Files in this item: 1
wp04-01.pdf (147.0Kb) -
The Effects of International Trade Fairs, Conventions and Other Professional GatheringsMaskell, Peter; Bathelt, Harald; Malmberg, Anders (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Business people and professionals regularly come together at conventions, congresses, conferences, trade fairs and exhibitions. Here, their latest and most advanced findings, inventions and products are revealed and evaluated by peers and competitors, as well as by customers and suppliers. Organising or participating in such events are means to identify the current market frontier, take stock of relative competitive positions and form future plans. These events exhibit many of the characteristics ascribed to permanent clusters, albeit in a temporary, periodic and intensified form. The temporary clusters are hotspots of intense knowledge exchange, network building and idea generation. In investigating the extent and nature of these phenomena, the present paper explores a number of issues. First, it shows that international trade fairs and other professional gatherings are events which enable firms to compare their own products with others which are available to the world market. Comparisons to and interactions with other firms stimulate processes of knowledge creation. Second, it demonstrates how trade fairs are important for firms when selecting partners with whom to develop global pipelines, enabling access to distant markets and technologies. Third, it compares such temporary clusters with permanent territorial hubs within their respective sector or industry. If regular participation in temporary clusters could satisfy a firm’s need to learn through interaction with suppliers, customers, peers and rivals, why is the phenomenon of permanent clustering so pervasive? The answer, it is claimed, lies in the restrictions imposed on economic activity when knowledge and ideas are transformed into valuable products and services. The paper sheds new light on how interaction among firms in current clusters coincides with the configuration of knowledge-intensive pipelines out of the cluster. It examines the procedures selected by firms in developing ideas or gaining access to new knowledge and compares these organisational forms to those chosen when using knowledge for commercial purposes. Keywords: economic geography, knowledge creation, clusters, temporary clusters, trade fairs, conventions, pipelines JEL-codes: D83, L22, O17, O18, R12 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7222 Files in this item: 1
2004-04.pdf (1.004Mb) -
An Application to Residual Income Based Measures like Economic Value AddedSloof, Randolph; Van Praag, Mirjam (Amsterdam, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Distorted performance measures in compensation contracts elicit suboptimal behavioral responses that may even prove to be dysfunctional (gaming). This paper applies the empirical test developed by Courty and Marschke (2008) to detect whether the widely used class of Residual Income based performance measures —such as Economic Value Added (EVA)— is distorted, leading to unintended agent behavior. The paper uses a difference-in-differences approach to account for changes in economic circumstances and the self-selection of firms using EVA. Our findings indicate that EVA is a distorted performance measure that elicits the gaming response. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8962 Files in this item: 1
Sloof og Van Praag.pdf (312.9Kb) -
suppressing margins and entrepreneurshipFoss, Kirsten; Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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an introduction to themes and contributionsFoss, Nikolaj Juul (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
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The Role of Sources of Subsidiary Knowledge and Organizational ContextFoss, Nicolai Juul; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
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Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 1997)[More information][Less information]
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The personal attributes of innovative users in the case of computer-controlled musicJeppesen, Lars Bo; Frederiksen, Lars (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Studies of the sources of innovations have recognized that many innovations are developed by users. However, the fact that firms employ communities of users to strengthen their innovation process has not yet received much attention. In firm-established user communities users freely reveal innovations to a firm’s product platform, which in turn puts the firm in a favorable position (a) because these new product features become available to all users by sharing on a user-to-user basis, or (b) because it allows the firm to pick up the innovations and integrate them in future products and then benefit by selling them to all users. We study the key personal attributes of the individuals responsible for innovations and the creation of value in this organizational context, namely the innovative users, to explain why firm-established user communities work. Analyzing data derived from a web-based questionnaire generating 442 answers we find that innovative users are likely to be (i) hobbyists, an attribute that can be assumed to affect innovators’ willingness to share innovations (positively), and (ii) responsive to "firm-recognition" as a motivating factor for undertaking innovation, which explains their decision to join the firm’s domain. In agreement with earlier studies we also find that innovative users are likely to be "lead users", an attribute that we assume to affect the quality of user innovation. Whether or not a firm-established user community can be turned into an asset for the firm is to a great extent conditioned by the issues studied in this paper. Keywords: Innovation, User community, User Characteristics JEL code(s): L21; L23; O31; O32 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7218 Files in this item: 1
wp04-02.pdf (299.5Kb)
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Now showing items 66-83 of 83