Browsing Creative Encounters (ICM/IKL) by Title
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Moeran, Brian (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This essay examines embedded structural tensions in the organization of Japanese advertising production. Tensions arise from the fact that an advertising campaign, like many other creative products, is produced by motley crews of personnel from both within an agency contracted to carry out the campaign (an account team) and freelance professionals hired to assist in the creative work required (a production team). The structuring of advertising account teams in Japan, Europe and the USA depends on how accounts are distributed by advertising clients. The amount and kind of creativity displayed by photographers depends on advertising and the structure of fashion magazine publishing. Creativity itself thus depends on an unspoken set of institutional power relations that enables individuals to compete for recognition as being creative . URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7777 Files in this item: 1
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Skov, Lise (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper is written in preparation for the ‘Wardrobe Ethnographies’ conference to be held in Herning in June 2011. It aims to provide a research framework that goes beyond a catalogue of existing literature, and to provide discussion points for the conference papers. Scholars from several different disciplines have studied wardrobes and dress practices through a range of ethnographic and related qualitative and quantitative methods. The aim of the conference and ensuing book is to bring together a series of papers which combine a discussion of research approaches and methods with an ethnographic account of research findings. We hope to make a dual argument; firstly as obbjects of study wardrobes and dress practices can generate critical and innovative insights both at micro and macro levels; , and secondly, that what I tentatively term wardrobe ethnographies are a feasible and realistic research approach that is attracting scholars from different disciplines and with different research interests. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8277 Files in this item: 1
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Skov, Lise (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The question of ethics is about determining concepts of right and wrong human action. There are a number of ethical controversies in relation to the industries that dress the visible self, especially clothing, shoes, accessories and skincare industries. The most important are, firstly, representations of idealized gender and body images, secondly, fakes and counterfeits of branded goods, thirdly, working conditions, fourthly, environmental impact and sustainability, and fifthly, animal rights. In a strict philosophical sense, these issues cannot be said to be purely moral because they overlap with political, social, legal, economic and environmental concerns. But they are problems that have been cast in terms of right and wrong behaviour from the point of view of West European industries and consumers. Because both consumption and production of dress are highly globalized these debates in West Europe are not qualitatively different from those of other highly developed regions. Many ethical problems, campaigns and monitoring issues are distinctly transnational because both consumer markets and production systems are highly globalized. It is a paradox that while many consumers have a positive involvement with clothing in terms of emotional attachment and identification, they also tend to have a distinctively negative image of the industry behind. In fact, there is a widespread cynicism about the fashion industry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7770 Files in this item: 1
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Moeran, Brian (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper describes and analyses preparations for the holding of an anthropologist potter’s one-man show in a Japanese department store. Based on participant observation, it describes in detail the strategic planning of, and preparations for, the fieldworker’s own pottery exhibition in a department store located in northern Kyushu, the southernmost of Japan’s four main islands and home to a long tradition of porcelain and stoneware production. The paper focuses on the main players in the ceramic art world; the social interaction underpinning an exhibition; the conflicting ideals of ‘aesthetics’, display and money (pricing); and the ways in which different sets of values, and evaluating processes, affected the reception of the author’s work. It concludes by developing a theory of values in the light of recent writings in the field of cultural economics. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7942 Files in this item: 1
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A Case of Restaurant RankingsChristensen, Bo T.; Strandgaard Pedersen, Jesper (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper is concerned with evaluative practices within the culinary field. The focus is on the evaluative practices performed by two restaurant ranking systems, respectively the Michelin Red Guide system handled by the French tire manufacturer Michelin and the San Pellegrino ’World’s 50 Best Restaurant’ list organized by the English based Restaurant Magazine. Both ranking systems evaluate and rate restaurants (judging their food, service, physical setting and so forth) but in different ways through different practices and means, and with somewhat different results. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8393 Files in this item: 1
Christensen_Strandgaard-Pedersen_#66.pdf (208.4Kb) -
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Abstract: Destination branding attempts to frame the place in a unique manner, so that it will stand out in the global tourism market. The assertion of uniqueness has become an institutionalized global practice for celebrating destination identity. The emphasis on uniqueness in the destination brand however overshadows another important but complementary strategy: the accreditation approach. This paper gives attention to the accreditation strategy while presenting the Singapore case. By looking at the newly inaugurated Formula One car races in Singapore and the soon-to-be-opened integrated resorts, this paper argues that the Singaporean authorities are actually making Singapore less unique and more similar to other places. This strategy is advantageous because these new attractions will draw the attention of the global masses and they will also accredit Singapore as vibrant, glamourous and trendy. So, this paper shows why – despite the attempt to be different – destination authorities are learning from each other and pursuing similar attractions for their destinations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7952 Files in this item: 1
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Skov, Lise; Skjold, Else; Moeran, Brian; Larsen, Frederik; Csaba, Fabian F. (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Not so many years ago, the fashion industry was called a ‘sunset industry’, and was deemed to have no future in the most developed countries. But recently, the New York Times has suggested that ‘the sun never sets on the runway’ (Wilson, 2008). Under this heading the article described the diffusion of fashion week organizations, with accompanying fashion shows, that are no longer limited to a handful of fashion capitals, but are spreading to small-country capitals and medium-sized cities all around the world. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7943 Files in this item: 1
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Moeran, Brian (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Fragrance and perfume connect with our most basic and primitive window on the world – our sense of smell. Animals use their sense of smell to find food, sense danger and mate. So, too, do human beings. Mothers and their babies bond through smell. Smell triggers memories buried long in our unconscious, probably because our sense of smell is linked directly to the limbic system, the oldest part of the brain, which is the seat of emotion and memory. Throughout the ages in Western civilization, fragrance has been used to communicate spirituality, passion, and both masculinity and femininity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7772 Files in this item: 1
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Anthropology, Fieldwork and Organizational EthnographyMoeran, Brian (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper looks at the relationship between anthropology, fieldwork and what is referred to as ‘organizational ethnography’. It starts by distinguishing between fieldwork, which is a method of conducting qualitative research, initially in the discipline of anthropology, and ethnography, which is the writing up of that research. The paper makes use of the author’s fieldwork experiences in a Japanese advertising agency to illustrate a number of features that define fieldwork as a methodology. It argues that it is the shift from participant observation to observant participation that enables the fieldworker to move from front stage to back stage in the study of an organization, and thereby to gain information and knowledge that is otherwise available only to insiders. Fieldwork, Anthropology, Organizational Ethnography, Observant Participation URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7038 Files in this item: 1
wp 2007-2.pdf (264.9Kb) -
Lorenzen, Mark (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper builds insight into how globalization impacts cultural clusters, through a case study of Bollywood, the Indian film cluster in Mumbai. The paper’s analysis of the recent growth and consolidation of Bollywood, as well as the cluster’s development of a new film formula, illustrates that globalization does not necessarily entail westernization of culture. Instead, the paper suggests that early-mover advantages held by the world’s core cultural clusters may be eroded by globalization, as it creates pipelines of information, talent and capital, allowing hitherto peripheral cultural clusters to access export markets and develop exportable products. Analyzing the role of the Indian diasporas for the export growth of Bollywood, the paper also offers a discussion of the difference between two different aspects of globalization: Global flows of people and global bridgeheads of people. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7796 Files in this item: 1
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Bille, Trine (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Det er helt centralt i Richards Floridas teori om vækst, at kunne tiltrække den kreative klasse, men hvad er det egentlig som tiltrækker den kreative klasse? Formålet med denne artikel er at undersøge hvad det er for kultur- og fritidsaktiviteter den kreative klasse især benytter sig af. Det er dels interessant fra et kulturpolitisk og ikke mindst et regionalt udviklingspolitisk ståsted: hvad er det for kultur- og fritidsaktiviteter den kreative klasse bruger og tiltrækkes af? Dels er det interessant at undersøge, fordi det er punkt, hvor Florida ikke er særlig nuanceret. Den danske kulturvaneundersøgelse indeholder detaljerede data om den danske befolknings brug af de fleste kultur- og fritidstilbud. Ved at koble disse data med data for befolkningens arbejdsstilling opdelt på Richard Floridas klassificering, kan der opnås en helt ny viden om, hvad det er for kultur- og fritidstilbud den kreative klasse benytter, og dermed – må man antage – tiltrækkes af. Resultaterne, som er baseret på multivariate regressionsanalyser, viser nogle markante tendenser. Den kreative klasse er generelt mere aktive end serviceklassen på en række af de mere ”populære” og ”brede” kulturområder. Den kreative kerne adskiller sig for derimod ved at være mere kreative i deres fritid end andre. Herudover er de bl.a. mere interesseret i litteratur og viden, kulturarv og historie samt klassiske kulturformer som klassisk musik og teater. Endelig viser analysen, at der er en række kultur- og fritidsaktiviteter, hvor den kreative klasse ikke synes at adskille sig fra andre grupper. Det gælder først og fremmest en række hverdagskulturelle hjemlige aktiviteter, nogle ”brede” kulturaktiviteter samt mere oplevelsesorienterede familieaktiviteter. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7203 Files in this item: 1
wp04-2007_Final.pdf (2.207Mb) -
Onarheim, Balder; Christensen, Bo T. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper investigates the question of screening ideas in the ‘fuzzy front end’ of engineering design, examining the validity of employee voting schemes and related biases. After an employee-driven innovation project at {Company Name removed for review}, 99 ideas were to be screened for further development. Based on the concept of ‘wisdom of the crowds’, all ideas were individually rated by a broad selection of employees, and their choices of ideas and idea categories compared to those of a small team of senior marketers. The study also tested for two biases: visual complexity and endowment effect/ownership of ideas. The study shows that the crowd wisdom of employees significantly correlates with the preferences of the marketing team: overall, in top 12 selected ideas and in choice of idea categories. This match increases when including only the ratings of the most experienced employees. The experienced employees also proved to be less affected by visual complexity in the ideas presented. The endowment effect was potent in that every employee proved to be more likely to select their own ideas over others, but this effect disappeared when aggregating across the crowd of employees. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8255 Files in this item: 1
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Christensen, Bo T. (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Two studies tested whether introducing images to designers during the design process lead to more useful design solutions as evaluated by the end-users willingness-to-use the final design. It was hypothesized based on theories in cognitive science and design that there were at least two paths from images to usefulness. One path concerns analogically transferring within-domain properties to the design solution. The other path concerns mentally simulating end-user characteristics and preferences and inclusion of the user in the resulting design. Study 1 supported that random images led to increased outcome usefulness, and supported both hypothesized paths, by using withindomain products and end-user images as input. Study 2 showed that the image categories competed for attention, and that the within-domain product stimuli attracted the most attention and was considered the most inspirational to the designers. The practical use of the technique may lead to only marginally original products perhaps limiting its applicability to incremental innovation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7941 Files in this item: 1
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Skov, Lise (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Analyser af industrialisme byggede indtil for tyve-tredive år siden på en narrativ figur – ’fra håndværk til industri’. I vores postindustrielle samfund hvor butikkerne ligger tæt, og der er langt til fabrikkerne, må denne analysefigur suppleres med et nyt slutpunkt, så den forløber ’fra håndværk til industri til globaliseret industrinetværk’. Der er opstået et nyt grundlag for en globaliseret industrikultur baseret på en voksende afstand mellem produktion og forbrug. I denne artikel analyseres den danske og europæiske pelsbranche ud fra denne tre-punktsfigur. Pels har aldrig været et skoleeksempel på industrialismens udviklingsparadigme. På grund af pelsbranchens særlige materielle udfordringer – hvert skind er unikt, og det kræver en stor viden at bearbejde det – har det været svært for branchen at følge med industriudviklingen og høste de stordriftsfordele, som andre brancher gjorde i efterkrigstiden. Den fortsatte næsten håndværksmæssige organisering satte branchen så meget udenfor modens og industriens netværk, at den ikke havde mange venner tilbage, da dyrerettighedsbevægelsen i 1980erne lancerede en række anti-pelskampagner. Under efterfølgende krise og omstrukturering er branchens organisation blevet ændret, således at pelsbeklædningsproduktion i dag er koncentreret i Kina, mens distribution og salg er knyttet til internationale designermærker. Denne del af branchens strategiske repositionering kan i høj grad tilskrives markedsføringsorganisationen Saga, der er finansieret af de nordiske pelsdyravlere og beliggende i Danmark. Denne artikels overordnede argumentation er, at denne omstrukturering sammen med den voksende interesse for etik og forbrugerpolitik har været den afgørende forudsætning for pelsens tilbagevenden i modebilledet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7794 Files in this item: 1
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Imellem nyt og gammeltSkov, Lise; Larsen, Frederik; Nette, Sarah (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Formålet med denne rapport er at afdække markedet for kommissionsgenbrugstøj i København. Gennem en række kvalitative interview med forretningsindehavere og observationer i kommissionsgenbrugsforretninger, forsøger vi at karakterisere kommissionsgenbrugstøjforretningerne, deres forhold til henholdsvis genbrugsforretninger og førstehånds tøjforretninger samt deres indbyrdes placeringer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8280 Files in this item: 1
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Some descriptive results from DenmarkBille, Trine (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the labor market for artists and in the creative industries more broadly: How important is a formal education for jobs in the creative industries? How are the careers of people with a creative education? Do they work in the creative industries or outside the creative industries? How is the profile of the jobs within the creative industries? Alper and Wassall (2006) present an overview of the economic, mainly empirical research concerning the labor market of artists. Different types of studies can be distinguished: theoretical models of artistic career processes, qualitative interviews and data, retrospective surveys and panel data based on surveys (either true panel studies or quasi panel studies). Some of the most extended studies on artists’ earnings are done by Alper and Wassall on American census data, where data comes from peoples selfreporting in surveys, and peoples’ occupation is based on time spent at work during a single reference week. This do obvious have some drawbacks. Register data from Statistics Denmark representing true panel data, makes it possible to overcome some of these problems and gain new knowledge on the career patterns of artists, their income, the importance of education, multiple jobholding etc. The register data used in this paper includes a lot of variables on socio-economy, income, employment etc. for the Danish population in the period 1994-2003. The paper includes a discussion and delimitation of artist and the creative industries, and presents new empirical results on the labor market for artists and in the creative industries URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7750 Files in this item: 1
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Abstract: This paper focuses on a hitherto unremarked aspect of cultural production – smell. It first outlines the historical background of Japanese scent culture, before moving on to describe in detail the processes by which incense is produced in Japan, and the various challenges facing a manufacturer with regard to consistency of raw materials, kneading blended materials, and drying formed incense sticks. It then concentrates on a group of incense manufacturers located on the western coast of Awaji Island in the Inland Sea of Japan, and suggests that it is access to, and successful management of, olfactory knowledge that enables a sub-contracted supplier to become independent by producing his own incense brands. The paper concludes by drawing a series of parallels betweenthe symbolic and social uses of incense in contemporary Japanese society, and thus underscores the connection between olfaction and transition noted for many other societies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6945 Files in this item: 1
wp 2007-1.pdf (299.4Kb) -
Christensen, Bo T. (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The in vivo research methodology holds promise to improve some of the limitations of typical design cognition methodologies. Whereas typical design cognition methodology use protocol a nalysis (utilizing special ‘think-aloud’ instructions and/or artificial settings) or retrospective analyses, in vivo research attempts to study design thinking and reasoning ‘live’ or ‘online’ as it takes place in the real world. No special instructions are used since the method relies on natural dialogue taking place between designers. By recording verbalizations at product development meetings (or other suitable objects of study), transcribing, and coding the data, it is possible to test hypotheses about design cognition in the real-world. This promises to improve the ecological validity over typical design cognition studies. Problems with the methodology include labor-intensiveness leading to small samples (possible sampling errors). To deal with this problem, it is recommended to supplement in vivo research with traditional larger sample laboratory studies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7776 Files in this item: 1
Creative Encounters Working Papers 9.pdf (215.3Kb) -
Mezias, Stephen; Strandgaard Pedersen, Jesper; Svejenova, Silviya; Mazza, Carmelo (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This study seeks to untangle the impact of film festivals on the conception and action of industry actors. This study puts forward the argument that film festivals, seen as instances of tournament rituals and field configuring events, play a role in bridging art and commerce. It examines three instances of a particular tournament ritual, that of the three leading European premier film festivals, namely the Cannes Film Festival, the Berlin Film Festival, and the Venice International Film Festival, to untangle their role as mediators between art and commerce and their impact on the artistic classification system of the cinema field. For the purpose, it uses admissions data from 36 European countries for the period of 1996 to 2005. It examines the impact of festival participation and awards on admissions, and further artistic recognition at award ceremonies in the US. Based on the results of our study we argue that, similarly to the classification of art forms, there is a status ordering of tournament rituals (i.e. film festivals) with regard to their ability to act as a nexus of dichotomous categories for a particular cultural form (i.e. art and commerce in the case of film). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7781 Files in this item: 1
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Skjold, Else (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Music and dress have played a significant role in the civilization process in West Europe. Both being aesthetic fields meant to be performed and put into play by human gesture, they have proved to be efficient tools for cultivating the movements, postures and gestures of the body. The material, cut and shape of the dress has manipulated the body to move in certain ways, as have rhythms and expressions in music. Significant for West Europe has been a duality between spirit and body, causing a division between high culture and popular culture, that has been reflected in the way music and dress has been used as display of ‘civilization’ from the early Middle ages to the Nineteenth century, and the way fashion and pop music subsequently has been perceived as ephemeral, irrational or even immoral. Following the democratization process, music and dress from early to late modernity has formed a unique liaison in youth culture, with the notion of image as a unifying concept. Here dress, gesture and pattern of movement emphasizes the underlying bodily gestures indicated by the sounds and rhythms in various music styles, and in this way encapsulates the identity of the individual participating in the manyfragmented taste groupings in society. In the same sense, dress and music have worked as a gate-opener to society for ethnic European outsiders like gays or working class, or non-Western immigrants, that could define their position in society through expressing themselves in hybrid subcultures. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7768 Files in this item: 1