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Now showing items 5-20 of 20
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Jacobsen, Jóannes; Rose Skaksen, Jan; Sørensen, Anders (, 2012)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8648 Files in this item: 1
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An International StudyFlint, Daniel L.; Larsson, Everth; Gammelgaard, Britta (Lombard, Illinois, 2008)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7933 Files in this item: 1
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Carl, Michael; Doherty, Stephen; O’Brien, Sharon (Preprint, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Eye tracking has been used successfully as a technique for measuring cognitive load in reading, psycholinguistics, writing, language acquisition etc for some time now. Its application as a technique for automatically measuring the reading ease of MT output has not yet, to our knowledge, been tested. We report here on a preliminary study testing the use and validity of an eye tracking methodology as a means of semi- and/or automatically evaluating machine translation output. 50 French machine translated sentences, 25 rated as excellent and 25 rated as poor in an earlier human evaluation, were selected. 10 native speakers of French were instructed to read the MT sentences for comprehensibility. Their eye gaze data were recorded non-invasively using a Tobii 1750 eye tracker. The average gaze time and fixation count were found to be higher for the “bad” sentences, while average fixation duration and pupil dilations were not found to be substantially different between output rated as good or bad. Comparisons between BLEU scores and eye gaze data were also made and found to correlate well with gaze time and fixation count, and to a lesser extent with pupil dilation and fixation duration. We conclude that the eye tracking data, in particular gaze time and fixation count, correlate reasonably well with human evaluation of MT output but fixation duration and pupil dilation may be less reliable indicators of reading difficulty for MT output. We also conclude that eye tracking has promise as an automatic MT Evaluation technique. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8045 Files in this item: 1
SubmissionforMT_dohertyobriencarl.pdf (226.2Kb) -
Framing Research Collaboration Through ScreensBjørn Vedel, Jane (København, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In recent years, research collaboration between academic and corporate scientists has become a matter of concern for policy makers as well as research managers in academia and industry. Often, both in public research policies and in university and company strategies, science-industry collaboration has been presented as a catalyst for advancing science for the benefit of society as well as for the involved collaborators. The same policies and strategies, however, often emphasize that science-industry collaboration is difficult and demanding due to inherent and often incommensurable differences between the respective goals and processes of academia and industry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8561 Files in this item: 1
Jane-Vedel-2011.pdf (257.8Kb) -
Carl, Michael (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: One of the aims of the Eye-to-IT project is to investigate the possibility of using eye-tracking devices for detecting situations of targeted help for human translators. A prerequisite for automated assistance in human translation is the understanding and modelling of reading behaviour, the ability to follow human eye movements and to map gaze sample points — the output of eyetracking devices — onto words and symbols fixated. Within the Eye-to-IT project we currently use a so-called “Gaze-to- Word Mapping” (GWM) device (ˇSpakov 2008) that first computes possible fixations from sequences of gaze sample coordinates and then maps the fixations on the words which are likely to be fixated. This paper suggests an alternative framework of a probabilistic gaze mapping model for reading, in which fixations on textual objects are directly computed from the gaze sample points. The framework integrates various knowledge sources with the aim to compute the most likely fixations on words and symbols on the basis of the available data. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8043 Files in this item: 1
CLS.pdf (186.2Kb) -
Madsen, Dorte (, 2010)[More information][Less information]
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Jensen, Per Anker (Hjørring, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Grammatikundervisningens indhold og omfang i sproguddannelserne i Danmark har ændret sig ganske markant i takt med at fokus i fremmedsprogsundervisningen i stadig højere grad er kommet til at ligge på kommunikative færdigheder på bekostning af korrekthed og idiomatik. Dette gælder også på cand.ling.merc.-uddannelserne på CBS, som nok ellers betragtes som en højborg for uddannelse i sproglig formidling og bearbejdning af vanskelige faglige domæner med den højeste grad af korrekthed, idiomatik og præcision. Det ændrede fokus i uddannelserne gør det til en stadig mere spændende udfordring at skrue grammatikforløb sammen, som kan give de studerende et brugbart udbytte. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8722 Files in this item: 1
Per_Anker_Jensen_Anglofiles_168.pdf (303.0Kb) -
Evidens fra er-kontraktion og enhedstryk i danskAnker Jensen, Per (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne artikel udforsker interaktionen mellem fonologi og syntaks på grundlag af brugen af erkontraktion i dansk. Artiklen kortlægger de typiske kontekster hvor denne kontraktion er mulig og rejser derefter spørgsmålet om hvordan det kan forklares at kontraktion i andre sammenhænge er helt uacceptabel. Sammenlign eksempelvis Det er rart, hvor er typisk realiseres som en forlængelse af den udlydende vokal i det, med Fortæl ham hvor rart det er, hvor en tilsvarende sammentrækning af det og er er uacceptabel. Det vises at muligheden for er-kontraktion er forudsigelig ud fra et kendt samspil mellem syntaks og fonologi idet kontraktionsmuligheden – eller umuligheden - hænger tæt sammen med tryktabsforbindelser og enhedstryk, jf. fx Rischel 1983, Thomsen 1990, Hansen og Lund 1983, Hansen og Heltoft 2011, Basbøll 2005, Herslund 2005. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8485 Files in this item: 1
Per_Anker_Jensen_2012.pdf (120.7Kb) -
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Abstract: La question de l’origine du langage humain n’est peut-être pas des plus en vogue, ni des plus urgentes parmi les multiples problèmes que soulève l’étude du langage. En effet, cette question est, depuis longtemps, considérée comme un problème que des linguistes sérieux ne perdent pas leur temps à vouloir résoudre, c’est le domaine des fous et des amateurs illuminés. Par conséquent, la question a été bannie des discussions des sociétés scientifiques comme la Société linguistique de Paris, dont les statuts de 1866 dans l’article II explicitement interdisent les discussions sur l’origine du langage ou la création d’un langage universel. Il n’en est pas moins possible d’examiner la question de façon équilibrée et, au moins, d’indiquer la sorte d’évidence qu’on pourra alléguer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8708 Files in this item: 1
Herslund.pdf (293.9Kb) -
The History of the Internal Market as a Technicalization of Politics and a Politicization of the TechnicalFrankel, Christian (, 2010)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8196 Files in this item: 1
Market_making_Christian_Frankel.pdf (45.74Kb) -
Low Resources Machine TranslationCarl, Michael; Maite, Melero; Badia, Toni; Vandeghinste, Vincent; Dirix, Peter; Schuurman, Ineke; Markantonatou, Stella; Sofianopoulos, Sokratis; Vassiliou, Marina; Yannoutsou, Olga (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: METIS-II was a EU-FET MT project running from October 2004 to September 2007, which aimed at translating free text input without resorting to parallel corpora. The idea was to use ‘basic’ linguistic tools and representations and to link them with patterns and statistics from the monolingual target-language corpus. The METIS-II project has four partners, translating from their ‘home’ languages Greek, Dutch, German, and Spanish into English. The paper outlines the basic ideas of the project, their implementation, the resources used, and the results obtained. It also gives examples of how METIS-II has continued beyond its lifetime and the original scope of the project. On the basis of the results and experiences obtained, we believe that the approach is promising and offers the potential for development in various directions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8037 Files in this item: 1
METIS-II.pdf (503.5Kb) -
On Consensus, Consensusing and False ConsensusnessHorst, Maja; Irwin, Alan (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In response to the recent troubled history of risk-related technological development in Europe, one institutional reaction has been to advocate public deliberation as a means of achieving broad societal consensus over socio-scientific futures. We focus on ‘consensusing’ and the expectation of consensus, and consider both their roots and their performative consequences. We argue that consensus should be seen not simply as the absence of disagreement but as a particular political and ideological formation. We consider and explore the Danish model based on the folkelig concept of the common good, before turning to the wider European movement towards consensus-building. As presented here, consensusing becomes a focus for political contestation but also for nation- and institution-building. Rather than evaluating deliberation solely in terms of its short-term instrumental effects, consensusing should also be understood as performative of national and inter-national identity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8268 Files in this item: 1
Horst og Irwin 2010.pdf (120.8Kb) -
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Abstract: Anglo Files har i dette nummer valgt at sætte fokus på grammatik, bl.a. fordi grammatik og sprogbrug nu indgår i den skriftlige eksamen i engelsk. Jeg håber imidlertid også, at dette initiativ er et tegn på, at grammatik, der i mange år var en forkætret disciplin, som man i hvert fald i dansk og engelsk brugte mindst mulig – om overhovedet nogen – tid på, er på vej ind i varmen igen. Jeg håber det for elevernes skyld, fordi de via grammatikken stifter bekendtskab med sprogets systematik. De får mulighed for at se, at der – undtagelserne til trods – er en vis grad af regelmæssighed i sproget, og det vil forhåbentlig somme tider resultere i ’aha’-oplevelser af den type, som jeg for nogle år siden hørte Michael Swan (forfatter til bl.a. Practical English Usage) tale om. Ved en TESOL-konference var han og to andre kendte grammatikere og lærebogsforfattere blevet bedt om at fortælle, hvad grammatik havde betydet for dem. Han besvarede spørgsmålet ved at fortælle om en personlig oplevelse: Han havde i mange år forsøgt at lære tysk, men aldrig kunnet gennemskue, hvordan verberne skulle placeres, indtil en behjertet sjæl forklarede ham den grammatiske regel for dette, og så faldt det hele på plads. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8723 Files in this item: 1
LiseLotte_ Hjulmand_Anglofiles_168.pdf (201.6Kb) -
Madsen, Dorte (, 2010)[More information][Less information]
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Privat produktpolitik i det indre markedFrankel, Christian; Højbjerg, Erik (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: De politiske og administrative studier af det indre markeds færdiggørelse har overvejende fokuseret på, hvordan gennemførelsen er bundet til en forandring af kompetence‐ og arbejdsdelingen mellem de eksisterende EU institutioner og medlemslandene. Et sådant EU internt fokus ser imidlertid bort fra, at væsentlige dele af gennemførelsen allerede i 1987 med Fællesaktens vedtagelse blev overladt til de private europæiske standardiseringsorganisationer (ESO2). Når man tænker på, hvor vigtig en rolle disse organisationer er tildelt i udviklingen af det indre marked, kan det undre, at denne uddelegering hidtil ikke har været belyst i nævneværdigt omfang. For det første synes uddelegeringen at indeholde demokratiske udfordringer, fordi private aktører gennem medlemsskab af de autonome europæiske standardiseringsorganisationer deltager direkte og i et vist omfang uden for politisk og administrativ kontrol i at fastlægge reglerne for markedsførelsen af varer i det indre marked. For det andet rejser uddelegeringen en række analytiske spørgsmål om, hvor EU integrationens institutionelle locus skal findes, når sikringen af EUs politiske målsætninger med det indre marked er afhængig af en inter‐organisatorisk koordination mellem EU og ESO. Udover at det indre marked er betinget af institutionelle forandringer inden for rammerne af EU er det ligeledes afhængig af en institutionsdannelse mellem de gensidigt autonome organisationer EU og ESO. Endelig, for det tredje, indebærer uddelegeringen en særskilt udfordring for ESO. I takt med at europæisk teknisk standardisering skal indfri bredere samfundsmæssige og politiske hensyn i markedsdannelsesprocessen er der risiko for, at én af de bærende principper i standardiseringsarbejdet, nemlig frivilligheden, sættes under pres. Der er sandsynligvis grænser for, hvad teknisk standardisering kan levere i forhold til samfundsmæssig regulering uden at undergrave sin egen logik. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8717 Files in this item: 1
Frankel_Højbjerg.pdf (210.9Kb) -
Quantifying alignment units with keystroke dataCarl, Michael (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper discusses a method to triangulate process and product data. We suggest converting Translog data into a relational format which contains both process and product data. We outline how this representation allows us to retrieve and correlate the various dimensions of the data more easily. The concept of Alignment Unit (AU) is introduced and contrasted with that of Translation Unit (TU). While AUs refer to translation equivalences in the source and target texts of the product data, TUs refer to cognitive entities that can be observed in the process data. With an (almost) exhaustive fragmentation of the source and target texts into AUs, we are able to distribute and allocate the entire set of keystroke data to appropriate AUs. Using the properties of the keystroke data, AUs are quantified in a novel way which enables us to visualise and investigate the structure of translation production on a fine-grained scale. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8040 Files in this item: 1
keystrokes.pdf (940.0Kb)
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Now showing items 5-20 of 20