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The Role of Business Intelligence in Organizational Decision-making

Shollo, Arisa (Frederiksberg, 2013)

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This Ph.D. thesis is concerned with the role of the business intelligence (BI) output in organizational decision-making processes. The primary focus of this thesis is to investigate how this BI output is employed and deployed by decision-makers to shape collective judgement and to reach organizational decisions. Concerning the role of the BI output in decision-making the BI literature is characterized by normative ideas of how the BI output should be used in decision-making and how it can enable people to make better decisions. Most previous work has concerned methods and technologies to collect, store and analyze BI. It has also, assumed a rational approach to decision making where data from information systems are used to inform decisions either by reducing uncertainty, ambiguity or complexity. This study attempts to establish knowledge about the role of the BI output in the IT project prioritization process of the Group IT of the Danske Bank Group. Hence, the starting point of this thesis is a 16-month long interpretive study from March 2010 till July 2011 during which I observed the prioritization process and collected various forms of data. I use a rich dataset built from this longitudinal study of the IT project prioritization process in Group IT where thematic analysis is used to analyze the data. Overall, the study operates under the interpretive paradigm, which assumes that the world and knowledge are socially constructed.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8664

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Arisa_Shollo.pdf (4.175Mb)

Understanding Role-Oriented Enterprise Systems

From Vendors to Customers

Riis, Philip Holst (Frederiksberg, 2012)

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Enterprise Systems (ES) are generally considered the price of entry for running a business. With the increased scope of ESs to encompass nearly every function or business process of a modern organization, an increasing number of different users are adopting and using the systems. These users occupy a number of different organizational roles which include a wide variety of different tasks in organizations and have very different requirements for ESs. To ensure a better fit between users and ESs, a number of ES vendors have begun to focus on reflecting the concept of organizational roles of users in their systems. Limited research has, however, addressed these “role-oriented” ESs; this dissertation attempts to provide a better understanding of them by studying their design, implementation, and use. The research design for this dissertation is based on Case Studies and the Grounded Theory Method with qualitative empirical data collected across three types of actors in an ES ecosystem: Vendors; partner companies; and customers. The findings are primarily presented in six appended research papers that are aimed at both researchers and practitioners. The main contribution of the dissertation is an improved understanding of: Representation of organizational roles in the deep and surface structures of ESs; the mapping, configuration, and tailoring of predefined systems roles to fit actual roles of users in organizations; and the potential benefits and role-related misfits of role-oriented ESs. Through discussion of the findings, the dissertation also illustrates how the design of role-oriented ESs is influenced by the different actors in an ecosystem. The dissertation also illustrates how systems, organizations, processes, and roles can be aligned during implementation by shifting basis and conceptual focus in the requirements analysis. Finally, the dissertation explains the impact of roleoriented technology on organizational performance and how this technology may influence the existing perception of the role taking process in organizations.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8512

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Philip_Holst_Riis.pdf (3.453Mb)

A Comparison of Card-sorting Analysis Methods

Nawaz, Ather (Frederiksberg, 2012)

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This study investigates how the choice of analysis method for card sorting studies affects the suggested information structure for websites. In the card sorting technique, a variety of methods are used to analyse the resulting data. The analysis of card sorting data helps user experience (UX) designers to discover the patterns in how users make classifications and thus to develop an optimal, user-centred website structure. During analysis, the recurrence of patterns of classification between users influences the resulting website structure. However, the algorithm used in the analysis influences the recurrent patterns found and thus has consequences for the resulting website design. This paper draws an attention to the choice of card sorting analysis and techniques and shows how it impacts the results. The research focuses on how the same data for card sorting can lead to different website structures by generating different set of classifications. It further explains how the agreement level between the users can change for similar data due to the choice of analysis.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8587

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Ather_Nawaz_2012.pdf (531.6Kb)

A Design Science Approach to Interactive Greenhouse Climate Control using Lego Mindstorms for Sensor- Intensive Prototyping

Ulslev Pedersen, Rasmus; Clemmensen, Torkil (Frederiksberg, 2012)

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In this paper we present a case study of early prototyping work performed within a Danish advanced technology project. We specifically investigate the problems and issues related to throw-away prototypes in sensor-intensive systems. An important criterion is to record and perhaps later reproduce the identified contributions of the throw-away prototypes, and to this end we use the educational version of Lego Mindstorms NXT. To achieve methodological rigor we have used the Design Science Framework by Hevner et. al. It allows us to focus on the prototyping effort (called the design cycle) without letting go of either the relevance or rigor related to the project. We relate the case study to a Human Work Interaction Design (HWID) framework for the use of interactive, sensor-intensive prototypes to develop interactive greenhouse climate management systems. By applying guidelines suggested in design science to the case studied, we identify a number of interactive prototypes that successively address core issues in this particular setting. Finally, the problems and issues pertaining to this setting is presented and identified. The main contribution of this paper is that it, by pointing out problems and issues related throw-away prototyping with sensor-intensive systems, extends the design cycle of the original design science framework. This is determined to be a necessary step in order to address the inherent multi-disciplinarily of sensor-intensive HWID systems.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8601

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Ulslev_Clemmensen.pdf (581.3Kb)

Gate-Keeping in the Age of Information Society

Online GPA Data in Lower Secondary Schools

Normann Andersen, Kim; Zinner Henriksen, Helle; Medaglia, Rony; Hjerrild Carlsen, Mathilde; Sløk, Camilla (Frederiksberg, 2012)

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Despite ten years of direct regulation, our study of Danish lower secondary schools shows that they do not provide online access to the GPA for individual public schools (N=1,592). Using Lipsky’s gate-keeping theory, we investigate the lack of data provision as indicator not only of professionals’ being reluctant to accept imposed standards and control from central level (top-down) but also avoiding demands from parents (and children) on transparency and accountability (bottom-up). The lack of accessibility of grades on the web can thus be seen as a classical gate-keeping mechanism evolving in the age of information society where expectations of end-of-gatekeeping by providing accessibility and transparency using information systems has been outnumbered by classical forces of gate-keeping.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8593

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NormannAndersen ... ia_HerrildCarlsen_Sløk.pdf (414.3Kb)

Designing Digital Payment Artifacts

Olsen, Mia; Hedman, Jonas; Vatrapu, Ravi (Frederiksberg, 2012)

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Ubiquitous and pervasive computing is fundamentally transforming product categories such as music, movies, and books and the associated practices of product searching, ordering, and buying. This paper contributes to theory and practice of digital payments by conducting a design science inquiry into the mobile phone wallet (m-wallet). Four different user groups, including young teenagers, young adults, mothers and businessmen, have been involved in the process of identifying, developing and evaluating functional and design properties of m-wallets. Interviews and formative usability evaluations provided data for the construction of a conceptual model in the form of sketches followed by a functional model in the form of low-fidelity mockups. During the design phases, knowledge was gained on what properties the users would like the m-wallet to embody. The identified properties have been clustered as ‘Functional properties’ and ‘Design properties’, which are theoretical contributions to the on-going research on m-wallets. One of the findings from our design science inquiry into m-wallets is that everyday life contexts require that evaluation criteria have to be expanded beyond “functionality, completeness, consistency, accuracy, performance, reliability, usability, fit with the organization, and other relevant quality attributes” [12] that are used within current design science work.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8502

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Olsen_Hedman_Vatrapu.pdf (417.1Kb)

User decisions in a (partly) digital world

Comparing digital piracy to legal alternatives for film and music

Veitch, Robert; Constantiou, Ioanna (Frederiksberg, 2012)

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Technologies enabling digital piracy have expanded the variety of options available to users when deciding how to access a product. As a result, access-mode decisions for film and music are broader than for other goods where the piracy option is not as prevalent. This paper presents a model of access-mode decisions for film and music which integrates elements of previous digital piracy models and expands upon them to reflect the decision?s complexity. We depict the access-mode decision as being influenced by the user?s product desire, price perceptions, perceived risks, internal regulators of behaviour, resources and legal availability. We test the model for film and music using causal data of access-mode decisions collected from students at two Danish universities. Our findings indicate that the economic considerations of price perception and legal availability are the most consistent factors in influencing the access-mode decision across different legal options. The paper concludes with an outline for future research.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8569

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Veitch_Constantiou_ECIS 2012.pdf (147.9Kb)

Robotter, støvsugning og nye ledelsesudfordringer i den offentlige sektor

Andersen, Kim Normann (Frederiksberg, 2012)

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Denne rapport sætter fokus på robotstøvsugning på større, ensartede gulvarealer i den offentlige sektor. Med udgangspunkt i et rammeværktøj (den såkaldte CIVO-model), er den opsigtsvækkende konklusion i rapporten, at der kan opnåes et højere rengøringsresultat ved hjælp af robotstøvsugning sammenlignet med konventionel rengøring. Opretholdes samme rengøringsniveau målt ved vægten af indsamlet støv og snavs, er besparelsespotentialet 25%-75% af de medgåede omkostninger til støvsugning og tørmobning af gulvarealer. Samlet set vurderes det, at der rengøres godt 18 millioner m2 gulvarealer i den offentlige sektor. Hvis hele dette areal skal støvsuges med robotter, vil det kræve en indsats af mere end 225.000 robotter. Rapportens udgangspunkt er den aktuelle markedsmodning af robotstøvsugere til større arealer. De større producenter enten har eller er tæt på at markedsføre støvsugere med større rækkevidde og bedre navigationssystemer. Dermed er vejen banet for at bl.a. rådhuse, skoler, plejecentre, styrelser og ministerier kan begynde ibragtagningen af robotstøvsugerne. Kommunerne har haft en relativ aggressiv kurs med lancering af robotstøvsugerne i visitationen til bl.a. ældre. Rapporten peger på, at der kan hentes mindst lige så store driftgevinster ved at rette fokus på den offentlige sektors egen brug af støvsugerne. Det langsomme optag i den offentlige sektor tilskrives i rapporten, at den tekniske modning af støvsugerne først i 2011 og 2012 er slået igennem for robotterne til større arealer samt at der er en vis inerti p.g.a. eksisterende udbudskontrakter og manglende erfaring med at indbygge krav til dette i udbudsmaterialet.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8454

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Kim_Normann_Andersen_2012_1.pdf (375.7Kb)

The Value of Open Government Data

A Strategic Analysis Framework

Jetzek, Thorhildur; Avital, Michel; Bjørn-Andersen, Niels (Frederiksberg, 2012)

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Government data has been accumulated for centuries in protected repositories and registries as public record and a matter of civil order. Recently, the Open Government Data (OGD) movement has emerged as a group that focuses on facilitating open access to government data. Proponents of OGD initiatives argue that it can strengthen democracy and improve government through increased participation, collaboration and transparency. OGD advocates are also motivated by its potential contribution to greater productivity and economic growth through increased government efficiency and the creation of new businesses and services. However, as most OGD initiatives are relatively recent, the key questions regarding the value propositions and return on investment of these initiatives remain unanswered. In this theory development paper, we propose a strategic options framework that offers criteria for generating and prioritizing OGD initiatives. The framework can guide structured analysis of the economic and social impacts of OGD with an emphasis on its value propositions for both the public and private sectors. Building on a literature review and fieldwork-based anecdotal evidence, we expect OGD initiatives to generate value and substantial returns through increased transparency, efficiency of government activities, citizen participation and entrepreneurial activity.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8621

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Jetzek.pdf (271.3Kb)

Accentuated factors of handheld computing

Andersson, Bo; Henningsson, Stefan (Springer, 2011/2012)

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The recent years of rapid development of mobile technologies creates opportunities for new user-groups in the mobile workforce to take advantage of information systems (IS). However, to apprehend and harness these opportunities for mobile IS it is crucial to fully understand the user group and the mobile technology. In this paper we deductively, from previous research on aspects on mobility, synthesize a tentative analytical framework capturing factors accentuated in mobile IS design. We evaluate the framework based on criteria of completeness, distinctiveness, and simplicity. Eventually, these two steps develop the framework towards a theoretical contribution as theory for describing handheld computing from a designer’s perspective. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were made and the tentative framework was elaborated and confirmed.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8633

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Andersson_Henningsson_2011.pdf (358.7Kb)

Digital game piracy

Analyzing the illegal distribution of digital games via BitTorrent

Drachen, Anders; Bauer, Kevin; Veitch, Robert W. D. (Frederiksberg, 2011)

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The practice of illegally copying and distributing digital games is at the heart of one of the most heated and divisive debates in the international games environment. Despite the substantial interest in game piracy, there is very little objective information available about its magnitude or its distribution across game titles and game genres. This paper presents the first large-scale, open-method analysis of the distribution of digital game titles, which was conducted by monitoring the BitTorrent peer-to-peer (P2P) filesharing protocol. The sample includes 173 games and a collection period of three months from late 2010 to early 2011. With a total of 12.6 million unique peers identified, it is the largest examination of game piracy via P2P networks to date. The study provides findings that reveal the magnitude of game piracy, the timefrequency of game torrents, which genres that get pirated the most, and the relationship between aggregated review scores and ESRB-ratings.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8495

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drachen_bauer_veitch_2011.pdf (2.033Mb)

To pirate or to purchase?

A model of individual decisions for digital product product acquisition

Veitch, Robert W. D.; Constantiou, Ioanna (Frederiksberg, 2011)

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Ten years after the fall of Napster, digital piracy remains an issue for media and software companies. While scholars often treat digital piracy as a behaviour that needs to be prevented or punished, the user’s decision about how to acquire a digital product involves more than the piracy option. However, the decision between legal alternatives and piracy has received limited attention. Moreover, existing models used in piracy research emphasize some elements of the acquisition decision, but disregard other important influences. This has led to a body of literature that is fragmented and has decontextualised digital piracy by not examining how available legal alternatives are evaluated. This paper makes an attempt to address these issues and presents a model of the user’s digital product acquisition decision in the context of piracy, integrating elements of previous models to reflect the decision’s complexity. Specifically, we use a consumer decision-making perspective as a framework for integrating elements of previous models used in digital piracy research, including those from social psychology, business ethics, criminology, and consumer behaviour. In the model, we depict the acquisition decision as being influenced by the user’s product desire, price perceptions, perceived risks, internal regulators of behaviour, resources, and product availability. Theoretical and empirical evidence from the existing literature is drawn upon in order to provide support for the elements of the model. The paper concludes with an outline for future research and a brief discussion of its contribution.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8500

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veitch_constantiou_2011.pdf (70.02Kb)

Mobile Devices in Social Contexts

Tscherning, Heidi (Frederiksberg, 2011)

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The development of mobile devices has occurred with unprecedented pace since the late nineties, and the increase of generic services has proliferated in most developed countries, driven by the expanding technological capabilities and performance of mobile platforms. This dissertation investigates how consumer objectives, orientation, and behavior can aid in explaining the adoption and use of a new type of mobile devices: “app phones”. This dissertation focuses its effort on two focal influences of adoption and use; social influences and competing forces. Through a qualitative case study and field study this dissertation explores early adoption and use of iPhones. The case study is a one-shot cross-sectional case study that investigates five individuals, related through the same social network, and their decision to adopt an iPhone prior to its release in Denmark. This adoption decision engenders high switching costs as adopters lack references to imitate and need skills to unlock and jailbreak their iPhones to make them work on Danish networks. The specific purpose of the case study is to explore how social influences impact mobile users’ early adoption decisions, as it is well known in the literature that people with similar characteristics, tastes, and beliefs often associate in the same social networks and, hence, influence each other. The field study is cross-sectional with multiple snapshots and explores fifteen individuals part of the same university study, who receives an iPhone for a period of seven months short after its release in Denmark. The specific purpose of the field study is to explore how competing forces of iPhone usage influence assimilation, i.e. the degree to which the iPhone is used, over time. The dissertation, furthermore, contains a systematic literature review. The main contribution of this dissertation is reported through four articles and is directed at both academic researchers and practitioners. The study emphasizes the importance of social influences and competing forces in the investigation of adoption and use of certain mobile devices.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8342

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Heidi_Tscherning.pdf (2.504Mb)

An example of Indigenous HCI

Interactive climate control in greenhouses in Denmark

Clemmensen, Torkil (Lisbon, 2011)

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This paper argues that we should focus on creating examples of indigenous HCI. This should be done by becoming more sensitive to regional and national differences in how work styles and interaction design across time and use merge, adapt, localize and reduce the ambiguity of the technology. A case of climate control is reported. The method is interpretive phenomenological analysis that focuses on idiosyncrasies. The climate control experience of a Danish expert is compared with the experiences of a similar Israeli expert. The conclusion says that many similarities exist, but also meaningful differences that should be the basis for Indigenous HCI design.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8533

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Clemmensen_2011_2.pdf (325.4Kb)

A Cognitive Processes Analysis of Individuals' Use of Location-based Services

Lehrer, Christiane; Constantiou, Ioanna; Hess, Thomas (, 2011)

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The recent profusion of smartphones in the mobile industry offers new opportunities for mobile services vendors. One of the most influenced service categories is location-based services (LBS). Based on insights from behavioural decision-making, a theoretical framework is developed to analyse individuals‟ decisions to use LBS. We focus on the cognitive processes involved in individual decisionmaking. Our research is based on two studies. First, we investigated the use of LBS through semistructured interviews of smartphone users. Second, we explored daily LBS use through a study based on diaries. The findings highlight the distinct value dimension in specific contexts of use and the positive experiences of the service as the main drivers of LBS use. Thus, the user decision to use LBS can be described by either a comparative mode based on the value of LBS in relation to other available options, or by an intuitive mode where past experiences trigger the use of heuristics. These modes in turn underscore the positive influences on the continuance of LBS use.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8522

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Constantiou_2011_1.pdf (284.1Kb)

Branding and Channel Issues in E-commerce from an Information System’s Perspective

Hansen, Rina; Tambo, Torben (Turku, 2011)

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E-commerce has matured and become mainstream. The fashion industry is now competing strongly in the digital markets. Beside traditional web-shops, new sales and branding channels are emerging e.g. M-commerce (mobile); social commerce; marketplaces; gaming etc. E-commerce and multi-channel retailing (MCR) now have a less technology-centric perspective while focusing more on sales and branding, although technology is the carrier and imposes limits. Corporate information systems are extended to the consumer‟s computers, smartphones and digital entertainment platforms. The information systems (IS) research tradition is somewhat challenged but can provide an elaborate framework for the understanding of the business and technology changes as well as provide an ideal support for research and businesses in choosing among the different MCR options. This paper proposes a model to understand and position fashion companies‟ existing and future sales and branding channels from an IS perspective. Future research suggestions include long-term challenges and benefits of distinct electronic channels.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8527

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Rina_Hansen_2011_3.pdf (501.0Kb)

Examining the Determinants of Mobile Location-based Services’ Continuance

Lehrer, Christiane; Constantiou, Ioanna; Hess, Thomas (, 2011)

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The continuance of use is an important topic of IS research. However, in the past, many researchers have focused on adoption rather than IS continuance. Studying continuance is of equal importance, because if use does not persist, this may limit the revenues of the provider. This is particularly true for consumer-oriented services, which rely on advertising, or subscription-based revenue models. In this paper, we investigate the determinants of location-based services (LBS) continuance as a relevant case study for the examination of IS continuance generally. A research model is developed and empirically tested through a survey of a representative sample in Germany. The proposed model builds on and extends the Limayem et al. model of IS continuance. Our analysis highlights the importance of habit and emotion in LBS continuance. The results indicate that habit has a stronger predictive power than continuance intentions for LBS continuance and that emotions are an important driver for user satisfaction with LBS.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8523

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Constantiou_2011_2.pdf (268.6Kb)

How fashion brands learned to click

A longitudinal study of the adoption of online interactive and social media by luxury fashion brands

Hansen, Rina (Turku, 2011)

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Most luxury fashion brands have yet to develop a clear and focused integrated online strategy, as they have struggled with the dilemma of interacting with fans and customers online. We observed how 35 luxury fashion brands utilized social and interactive online technologies since 2006 by formulating a framework for assessing fashion websites and brand controlled social media sites. Our findings illustrate that the observed luxury brands have increased their adoption of social and interactive digital technologies since 2006, and that with the help of Web 2.0 technologies fashion brands can create an immersing and innovative environment online.The findings also have relevance for practitioners, as the developed 8C framework can function as a checklist for fashion brand website creation.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8528

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Rina_Hansen_2011_1.pdf (1.281Mb)

Managing the IT integration of acquisitions by multi-business organizations

Henningsson, Stefan; Yetton, Philip (, 2011)

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Acquisitions are standard components of the growth strategies of many organizations. Frequently, acquisitions raise important questions concerning how and to what extent the acquisition’s information technology (IT) needs to be integrated into the IT of the acquirer. We investigate how the initial conditions of business and IT alignment in the acquirer and the acquisition affect the complexity of the post-acquisition IT integration process, in acquisitions of business units by multi-business organizations. Adopting an IT alignment model for multi-business organizations, we explain the complexity of IT integration paths in two acquisitions made by the industry group Trelleborg AB. We identify four initial business and IT strategic alignment conditions where the IT integration process is a simple one-step process exploiting existing business and IT capabilities. Low compliance with these conditions leads to increased complexity because additional business and/or IT capabilities have to be developed to leverage the full potential of the acquisition.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8628

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henningsson_201 ... the IT integration of.pdf (754.6Kb)

The essential dynamics of information infrastructures

Henningsson, Stefan; Hanseth, Ole (, 2011)

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This paper inquires into the complexities of contemporary IT solutions based on a case study of the EU’s eCustoms initiatives using Manuel DeLanda’s Assemblage Theory. Technological innovations have enabled information infrastructures with dramatically increased number and heterogeneity of included components, and their dynamic and unexpected interactions. Unfortunately, lack of understanding of how the increasing complexity influences development initiatives is hampering effective information infrastructure development. Assemblage Theory can be seen as holistic synthesis of previous research streams seeking to explain how information infrastructures evolve in social contexts. Accordingly, in this paper it helps us getting a holistic grasp of the complexity of contemporary IT solutions and the “essence” of their dynamics. Through Assemblage Theory we explain how the European eCustoms information infrastructure has through a dialectic between stabilizing and destabilizing processes assumed its current shape - a result of decisions taken decades ago, path dependency, complexity, and accumulated emergence.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8632

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Henningsson_Hanseth_2011.pdf (680.2Kb)

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