Browsing Department of International Business Communication (IBC) by Title
Now showing items 1-17 of 17
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Influence of cultural prior-knowledge in cross-cultural communicationKano Glückstad, Fumiko (, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The role of ontology in a multilingual context is one of the emerging challenges in our modern information society. This work first explains different types of ontology applications in a multilingual context based on a number of dimensions defined in [Cimiano 2010]. These dimensions are useful for clarifying the role of ontologies depending on different types of cross-cultural communication scenarios. What is emphasized here is a new dimension in the ontology applications, namely the inherent asymmetric relation of communication between a communicator and an information receiver, which has been inspired by the pragmatic approach of the so-called Relevance Theory of Communication (RTC) [Sperber 1986]. Based on this ground theory, a new framework for simulating the cognitive processes involved in a cross-cultural communication is proposed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8646 Files in this item: 1
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Cross-lingual concept mapping based on the information receiver’s prior-knowledgeGlückstad, Fumiko Kano (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A Japanese acquaintance who has been living in Denmark for more than 40 years formulated his difficult mission of undertaking translation tasks in the following way: “Once I deeply understood the two cultures [Denmark and Japan] and the cultural differences/nuances of conceptual meanings existing in the two countries, it became impossible for me to translate culturally-specific terms into the other language. Existing language resources [dictionaries etc.] are in this context useless”. What he was frustratingly expressing is that it becomes virtually an impossible task to precisely translate or convey the meaning of a Culturally-Specific Concept (CSC) if no exact equivalent concept exists in the Target Language (TL) culture. Despite this inherent frustration, communicators or translators are still required to convey such CSCs into a TL in an optimal manner such that a TL reader can instantly infer the original meaning of a given Source Language (SL) concept. In short, the key issue is whether there can be found a way to solve this inherently frustrating situation which even skilled human translators cannot easily cope with ? The challenge of translating CSCs from an SL is not only caused by the absence of equivalent concepts in a TL culture, but also due to differences of the background knowledge possessed by the two parties involved in a cross-cultural communication scenario. Sperber & Wilson (1986) emphasize that, although all humans live in the physical world, mental representations are constructed differently due to differences in our close environment and our different cognitive abilities. Because people use different languages and have mastered different concepts, the way they construct representations and make inference is also dissimilar. Since an individual possesses a total cognitive environment that is the set of facts based on his/her perceptual ability, inferential ability, actual awareness of facts, knowledge he/she has acquired and so on, it is much easier to achieve a so-called “asymmetric” coordination between communicator and audience (Sperber & Wilson, 1986).... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8546 Files in this item: 1
Fumiko_Kano_Gluckstad.pdf (11.35Mb) -
Nistrup Madsen, Bodil; Erdman Thomsen, Hanne; Lassen, Tine; Pram Nielsen, Louise; Odgaard, Anna Elisabeth; Hoffmann, Pia Lyngby (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper we will describe some problems related to the defini-tion of a set of data categories as well as to the import and merging of data from various resources. First, we illustrate how organizing a taxonomy of data cate-gories is facilitated by using the principles for creating a terminological ontolo-gy (or concept system). Next, we discuss how multiple terminological entries referring to the same concept can be identified with the purpose of merging them. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8491 Files in this item: 1
Nistrup_Erdman.pdf (833.3Kb) -
Nabeth, Thierry; Razmerita, Liana; Kirchner, Kathrin (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Social media has transformed the web into a hyper-connected social space that is inundated by a flood of social signals that reflects the activities of the members, and contributes to the dynamic of the interaction. In this context, the participants decode, process and emit information for making sense of this social world, and for acting upon it. The objective of this paper is to explore the implication of this setting for an application in the context of supporting creativity online. More specifically, we examine the effect of the massive circulation of this social information and its management on systems supporting the collective creative process online. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8690 Files in this item: 1
Razmarita.pdf (29.84Kb) -
Sanden, Guro Refsum (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: One important effect of globalisation for the multinational corporation (MNC) is the increasing diversity of the workforce, which becomes clear through the variety of different language backgrounds found among employees at all levels of the organisation. In order to overcome the linguistic barriers presented by the multilingual workforce, MNCs may try to implement various language policies or strategies to regulate the internal communicative environment, for example by adopting a common corporate language, or deploy language management tools such as language training for employees or use of translation services. However, these language policies may have consequences unanticipated by the management, and could possibly affect the company in ways far beyond the scope of the linguistic-communicative area. This paper attempts to examine the role of corporate language policies and their effects for the internal communication patterns of a MNC. It is argued that the importance of language as a precondition for successful employee collaboration implies that language policies should not be developed in isolation from the organisational context, but instead be employed with the purpose of supporting the overall goals and objectives of the corporation. If the MNC fails to adequately address the language issue of its organisation, the problems may potentially escalate to the extent that they negatively affect the operation of the firm and its economic performance. Finally, it is argued that language policies can be both reactive, building on previous language experiences, and proactive, as a management tool to help shape the future language practices of a company and its employees. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8685 Files in this item: 1
Sanden.pdf (269.4Kb) -
Sudzina, Frantisek; Razmerita, Liana (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Due to advances of technology including faster and ubiquitously accessible Internet connection, on-line gaming have grown tremendously in the last couple of years. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether escapist motives for playing games are linked to strengthening of weak ties through on-line gaming. The research investigates Facebook and other on-line games separately. A surprising result is that while most of the investigated escapist motives are positively correlated with strengthening of weak ties, the mundane breaking motive is negatively correlated with strengthening of weak ties. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8620 Files in this item: 1
Razmerita_2012Itais.pdf (139.7Kb) -
Sudzina, Frantisek; Razmerita, Liana (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Due to advances of technology including faster and ubiquitously accessible Internet connection, on-line gaming have grown tremendously in the last couple of years. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether escapist motives for playing games are linked to strengthening of weak ties through on-line gaming. The research investigates Facebook and other on-line games separately. A surprising result is that while most of the investigated escapist motives are positively correlated with strengthening of weak ties, the mundane breaking motive is negatively correlated with strengthening of weak ties. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8603 Files in this item: 1
Razmerita_2012.pdf (139.7Kb) -
Schachtenhaufen, Ruben (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Med udgangspunkt i det danske talesprogskorpus DanPASS undersøges tilbøjeligheden til fonetisk reduktion i dansk talesprog i forhold til en række intralingvistiske faktorer. I undersøgelsen udføres en kortlægning mellem 300.000 fonemer og foner. På baggrund af denne kortlægning er det muligt at danne et meget detaljeret billede af både hvor i sproget den fonetiske realisering afviger fra den fonologisk forudsagte form, og naturen af denne afvigelse. I afhandlingen fokuseres der på den type afvigelser der kan karakteriseres som reduktioner, dvs. svækkelse og bortfald af de enkelte lydsegmenter. De reducerede forekomster sammenlignes med de øvrige annoterede lag i korpusset, herunder grammatiske, informationsstrukturelle og prosodiske forhold. Det demonstreres at tilbøjeligheden til reduktion, såvel som reduktionernes fonetisk resultat, i høj grad er knyttet til lingvistisk faktorer, såsom ordklasse, grammatisk funktion, ny vs. kendt information, fokus, emfase mm. foruden en række fonologiske faktorer. Reduktioner bliver ofte betragtet som sprogligt ukrudt, men på baggrund af den systematiske sammenhæng med informationsbærende elementer i sproget, virker det rimeligt at betragte reduktioner som funktionelle elementer, der er understøttende for kommunikationen snarere end forstyrrende. I afhandlingen udforskes og dokumenteres en række tilbøjeligheder som ikke tidligere er undersøgt i dansk, og kun sparsomt i internationale sammenhænge. Herigennem opnås et dybere indblik i dansk lydstruktur og de mønstre som reduktioner generelt ser ud til at følge. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8676 Files in this item: 1
Ruben_Schachtenhaufen.pdf (2.520Mb) -
Evidens fra er-kontraktion og enhedstryk i danskAnker Jensen, Per (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne artikel udforsker interaktionen mellem fonologi og syntaks på grundlag af brugen af erkontraktion i dansk. Artiklen kortlægger de typiske kontekster hvor denne kontraktion er mulig og rejser derefter spørgsmålet om hvordan det kan forklares at kontraktion i andre sammenhænge er helt uacceptabel. Sammenlign eksempelvis Det er rart, hvor er typisk realiseres som en forlængelse af den udlydende vokal i det, med Fortæl ham hvor rart det er, hvor en tilsvarende sammentrækning af det og er er uacceptabel. Det vises at muligheden for er-kontraktion er forudsigelig ud fra et kendt samspil mellem syntaks og fonologi idet kontraktionsmuligheden – eller umuligheden - hænger tæt sammen med tryktabsforbindelser og enhedstryk, jf. fx Rischel 1983, Thomsen 1990, Hansen og Lund 1983, Hansen og Heltoft 2011, Basbøll 2005, Herslund 2005. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8485 Files in this item: 1
Per_Anker_Jensen_2012.pdf (120.7Kb) -
Data-driven prosodic feature assignment for diphone synthesisJuel Henrichsen, Peter (Frederiksberg, 2)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Today's synthetic voices are largely based on diphone synthesis (DiSyn) and unit selection synthesis (UnitSyn). In most DiSyn systems, prosodic envelopes are generated with formal models while UnitSyn systems refer to extensive, highly indexed sound databases. Each approach has its drawbacks; such as low naturalness (DiSyn) and dependence on huge amounts of background data (UnitSyn). We present a hybrid model based on high-level speech data. As preliminary tests show, prosodic models combining DiSyn style at the phone level with UnitSyn style at the supra-segmental levels may approach UnitSyn quality on a DiSyn footprint. Our test data are Danish, but our algorithm is language neutral. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8595 Files in this item: 1
Henrichsen.pdf (158.2Kb) -
Anker Jensen, Per (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: These lecture notes present the basic principles of phrase structure that apply in English. We start by presenting in some detail the most complex phrase type in English, the noun phrase. Having done that, we demonstrate that all the other main phrase types, the AP, the PP and the VP, are modelled on the same structural principles as noun phrases. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8675 Files in this item: 1
Per Anker Jensen_Lecture Notes 02.pdf (197.1Kb) -
A dual-layer Danish speech corpus for perception studiesChristiansen, Thomas Ulrich; Juel Henrichsen, Peter (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper, we present the newly established Danish speech corpus PiTu. The corpus consists of recordings of 28 native Danish talkers (14 female and 14 male) each reproducing (i) a series of nonsense syllables, and (ii) a set of authentic natural language sentences. The speech corpus is tailored for investigating the relationship between early stages of the speech perceptual process and later stages. We present our considerations involved in preparing the experimental set-up, producing the anechoic recordings, compiling the data, and exploring the materials in linguistic research. We report on a small pilot experiment demonstrating how PiTu and similar speech corpora can be used in studies of prosody as a function of semantic content. The experiment addresses the issue of whether the governing principles of Danish prosody assignment is mainly talker-specific or mainly content-typical (under the specific experimental conditions). The corpus is available at http://amtoolbox.sourceforge.net/pitu/. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8619 Files in this item: 1
Peter_Juel_Henrichsen_2012_3.pdf (105.4Kb) -
A Multi-lingual Speech Corpus for Cognitive ResearchJuel Henrichsen, Peter; Uneson, Marcus (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We present the speech corpus SMALLWorlds (Spoken Multi-lingual Accounts of Logically Limited Worlds), newly established and still growing. SMALLWorlds contains monologic descriptions of scenes or worlds which are simple enough to be formally describable. The descriptions are instances of content-controlled monologue: semantically “pre-specified” but still bearing most hallmarks of spontaneous speech (hesitations and filled pauses, relaxed syntax, repetitions, self-corrections, incomplete constituents, irrelevant or redundant information, etc.) as well as idiosyncratic speaker traits. In the paper, we discuss the pros and cons of data so elicited. Following that, we present a typical SMALLWorlds task: the description of a simple drawing with differently coloured circles, squares, and triangles, with no hints given as to which description strategy or language style to use. We conclude with an example on how SMALLWorlds may be used: unsupervised lexical learning from phonetic transcription. At the time of writing, SMALLWorlds consists of more than 250 recordings in a wide range of typologically diverse languages from many parts of the world, some unwritten and endangered. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8618 Files in this item: 1
Peter_Juel_Henrichsen_2012_2.pdf (172.0Kb) -
Christiansen, Thomas Ulrich; Juel Henrichsen, Peter (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Digital hearing aids use a variety of advanced digital signal processing methods in order to improve speech intelligibility. These methods are based on knowledge about the acoustics outside the ear as well as psychoacoustics. This paper investigates the recent observation that speech elements with a high degree of information can be robustly identified based on basic acoustic properties, i.e., function words have greater spectral tilt than content words for each of the 18 Danish talkers investigated. In this paper we examine these spectral tilt differences as a function of time based on a speech material six times the duration of previous investigations. Our results show that the correlation of spectral tilt with information content is relatively constant across time, even if averaged across talkers. This indicates that it is possible to devise a robust method for estimating information density in the speech signal based on computationally simple short-term band-level differences. The principle described here has the potential to improve speech transduction in hearing aids and cochlear implants. In addition, the concept of information-based speech transduction may also be applicable in automatic speech recognition systems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8617 Files in this item: 1
Peter_Juel_Henrichsen_1.pdf (478.2Kb) -
En rapport fra implementering af Sprogkernen I’s anbefalingerLenstrup, Christine; Faizi, A. Zaki; Pals Svendsen, Lisbet; Mondahl, Margrethe (, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Formålet med denne rapport er at undersøge i hvilket omfang IKT skaber motivation, interaktion, samarbejde og refleksion i forbindelse med tilegnelsen af interkulturel handlingskompetence. Vores hypotese er, at anvendelsen af forskellige former for IKT i undervisningen kan være med til at øge elevernes motivation og arbejdsindsats og derigennem også deres udbytte af undervisningen, således at eleverne opnår en højere grad af deep learning end uden IKT. For at eftervise vores hypotese, gennemførte vi i efteråret og vinteren 2011/2012 kvalitative empiriske undersøgelser i samarbejde med to udvalgte gymnasieskoler. Mere præcist udførte vi fokusgruppeinterviews med elever og lærere. Efter at have analyseret vores data, kom vi frem til nogle resultater, hvoraf nogle er positive og andre mindre positive: • IKT skaber motivation • IKT har en positiv effekt på interaktion og samarbejde • IKT fremmer elevernes evne til at reflektere over egen læring Men: • IKT fører ikke nødvendigvis til internalisering af viden • IKT kan opfattes som useriøst og irrelevant i en læringssammenhæng Baseret på ovennævnte resultater, når vi frem til følgende 4 anbefalinger: • IKT skal italesættes i langt højere grad end hidtil og bør være tydeligt defineret som en løftestang i læringskonteksten • IKT skal italesættes systematisk, således at det er et relevant læringsværktøj • IKT muliggør etablering af sociale kontekster, som kan etablere interaktion med andre sprogbrugere, og bør derfor tilpasses den didaktiske kontekst og eksponere eleverne mindre end traditionel klasseundervisning. • IKT-‐anvendelse bør evalueres løbende i forhold til fagrelevans og læringsmål URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8638 Files in this item: 1
Rapport_SprogkernenII.pdf (849.4Kb) -
Towards a Framework of Personalization TechniquesRazmerita, Liana; Nabeth, Thierry; Kirchner, Kathrin (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper aims to elaborate on the role of user modelling for personalization and enhanced attention support. User modelling is an important element in the management of personal profiles and identity of users, but also a key element for providing adaptive features and personalized interaction. In this paper, we present personalization as the process consisting on the customization, and the adaptation of the interaction along the structure, the content, the modality, the presentation and the level of attention required. The paper surveys personalization techniques and provides concrete examples of personalized interaction. In particular, the paper focuses on the role of user modeling for enhanced, personalized user support within interactive applications. The key contribution of the paper is to propose a framework of personalization techniques and to identify new forms of personalization that aim at taking into account human cognitive capabilities and emotions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8602 Files in this item: 1
Razmerita.pdf (148.2Kb) -
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Abstract: Valency deals with the question of how many participants a certain verb logically presupposes in order for the event denoted by the verb to be realizable. For instance, it takes only one individual to carry out a sleeping event. Each and every one of us can do that without any assistance from others. Therefore, we say that a verb (or verbs) denoting a sleeping event presupposes one argument, namely the individual doing the sleeping. A full sentence describing a sleeping event, then, typically consists of an appropriate form of the verb plus a phrase, typically an NP denoting the individual who sleeps, as in (1): (1) John sleeps Accordingly, the verb sleeps is described as belonging to the class of Mono-valent verbs, which comprises all intransitive verbs, die, wither, walk, run, liquidate, etc.. In this sentence the argument is realized as an NP with the sentential grammatical function of subject, and the subject has the semantic role of AGENT. Note that sleeping is an intentional act since (more often than not) you can decide whether you want to sleep or not1. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8673 Files in this item: 1
Per Anker Jensen_Lecture Notes 01.pdf (61.89Kb)
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