Browsing Working Papers (SMG) by Title
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Geisler Asmussen, Christian; Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, Bent (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The IB literature informs us of several ways to measure firms’ degree of internationalization. In this paper we make the argument that in fact none of the existing indices really measure firms’ degree of "global specialization", that is, to what extent their allocation of resources is multidomestic or global. As argued, all the existing measures may gauge a purely multidomestic firm as having a high degree of internationalization, whereas a truly global firm may be ranked low. In order to remedy this we introduce a complementary index measuring how firms are configuring their value chains – whether they are replicating value chain activities from country to country or locating them in globally specialized units in order to exploit an international division of labor. In addition to mathematical modeling and numerical examples, we examine the relevance of the new index of global specialization on data of Danish MNCs by looking at the correlation between the new global specialization index and existing indices of firms’ degree of internationalization. We find that the index is able to identify a distinct group of firms with significantly higher degrees of global value chain configuration. Key words: Internationalization, value chain, global configuration. JEL Codes: F02, F23, L22, L23 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7480 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 27.pdf (650.3Kb) -
Geisler Asmussen, Christian; Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, Bent (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The IB literature informs us of several ways to measure firms’ degree of internationalization. In this paper we make the argument that in fact none of the existing indices really measure firms’ degree of "global specialization", that is, to what extent their allocation of resources is multidomestic or global. As argued, all the existing measures may gauge a purely multidomestic firm as having a high degree of internationalization, whereas a truly global firm may be ranked low. In order to remedy this we introduce a complementary index measuring how firms are configuring their value chains – whether they are replicating value chain activities from country to country or locating them in globally specialized units in order to exploit an international division of labor. In addition to mathematical modeling and numerical examples, we examine the relevance of the new index of global specialization on data of Danish MNCs by looking at the correlation between the new global specialization index and existing indices of firms’ degree of internationalization. We find that the index is able to identify a distinct group of firms with significantly higher degrees of global value chain configuration. Key words: Internationalization, value chain, global configuration. JEL Codes: F02, F23, L22, L23 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7480 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 27.pdf (650.3Kb) -
The Case of DenmarkMoberg, Kåre; Vestergaard, Lene; Jørgensen, Casper; Markussen, Elisabeth; Hakverdyan, Sose (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this book chapter we describe how Denmark’s eight universities have developed their supply of entrepreneurship education during the past three years. The governmental initiatives that aim to promote entrepreneurial universities, and the Danish context, are presented and related to this development. An assessment model of entrepreneurship education which includes the wide scope of dimensions important to education in the topic, such as content dimensions, stages in the entrepreneurial project and pedagogical dimensions is presented. By applying this model we have been able to analyse the strengths and weaknesses in the supply of entrepreneurship education at the eight universities. The results show that the Danish universities have developed well regarding entrepreneurship education, especially on the pedagogical dimensions which means that more courses are becoming through and for entrepreneurship, rather than about entrepreneurship. The dominance of universities with business schools do, however, suggest that entrepreneurship education in Denmark is far from reaching maturity. Our results also suggest that it is important to focus on how to sustain the supply of entrepreneurship education rather than just invest in new course development. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8658 Files in this item: 1
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Developing expertise through multiple alliance management practicesHeimeriks, Koen H.; Reuer, Jeffrey J. (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: JEL classification: L14 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7421 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 66.pdf (279.2Kb) -
Navrbjerg, Steen E.; Minbaeva, Dana (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: As multinational corporations operate in multiple countries, headquarters must take into account differences in local settings when seeking the means to coordinate and control subsidiaries. The local system of industrial relations sets the framework for what kind of human resource management a multinational corporation can implement. Yet another question is whether the still stronger multinationals can change the existing systems of industrial relations, directly or indirectly. The paper analyzes four Danish enterprises over a ten-year period. This longitudinal study shows that none of the multinationals directly try to interfere in local industrial relations. However, by exercising their management prerogative in a way that differs from the Northern European tradition of industrial relations, they do influence the cooperation between employers and employees. In particular, the results show that a shift from a stakeholder to a shareholder management style and the increased degree of HQ control have an effect on the whole cooperative atmosphere in each of the companies. In the long run, they may affect the collective bargaining system as such. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7451 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2008-13.pdf (778.2Kb) -
Minbaeva, Dana (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper explores why and how HRM matters for knowledge transfer within multinational corporations. It is built upon the premise that there are certain HRM practices influencing extrinsic and intrinsic motivation of knowledge receivers. It is found that complementarity among HRM practices exists but does not always have a positive effect on knowledge transfer. Three hypotheses derived from these arguments are tested on data from 92 subsidiaries of Danish multinational corporations located in 11 countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7450 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2008-12.pdf (428.2Kb) -
Minbaeva, Dana B. (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This chapter introduces HRM practices that help MNCs to overcome knowledge transfer barriers (knowledge-driven HRM practices). It argues that MNCs can institute various HRM practices that impact knowledge transfer barriers associated with behavior of knowledge senders and receivers. HRM practices relevant for absorptive capacity of subsidiary employees form two groups – cognitive (job analysis, recruitment, selection, international rotation, career management, training and performance appraisal) and stimulative (promotion, performance-based compensation, internal transfer, orientation programs, job design and flexible working practices). The application of cognitive HRM practices enhances the ability of knowledge receivers to absorb transferred knowledge, while the use of stimulative HRM practices increases their motivation. Temporary and permanent types of international assignments respectively influence the ability and motivation of expatriate managers to share their knowledge. Keywords: Human Resources; Personnel; Human Resource Management; Multinational Corporations; Organizational Innovation; Organizational Learning; URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7447 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 96.pdf (759.5Kb) -
A Strategic Management Analysis on Activity‐levelØrberg Jensen, Peter D.; Petersen, Bent (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this exploratory study we look at human asset aspects of offshore outsourcing of services that over time become more advanced and strategic potent to the outsourcing firms. As a consequence, the outsourcing firms might want to internalize the operations. We focus on the ways that outsourcing firms may transfer key personnel of local service providers to whollyowned subsidiaries. We argue that a felt need for applying more powerful incentives on key personnel of the service provider ‐ to harness and empower the sourcing operation ‐ may in itself be a motive for, and key driver of, the internalization process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8242 Files in this item: 1
SMG_Working Paper_1_2011.pdf (450.7Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Human capital has often been discussed in transaction cost economics, particularly in connection with understanding the employment relation. This chapter reviews Williamson’s thinking on the issue, explains how it differs from Coase and Simon’s, and briefly discusses the relevant empirical literature. The chapter also covers property rights theory, and discusses various critiques of the treatment of human capital in transaction cost economics. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7429 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2008-02.pdf (363.3Kb) -
Laursen, Keld; Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We survey, organize, and discuss the literature on the role of organizational practices for explaining innovation outcomes. We discuss how individual practices influence innovation, and how the clustering of specific practices matters for innovation outcomes. Relatedly, we discuss various possible mediators of the HRM/innovation link, such as knowledge sharing, social capital and network effects. We argue that the causal mechanisms underlying the HRM/innovation links are still ill-understood, calling for further research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8516 Files in this item: 1
Laursen_Foss_SMGWP2012_5.pdf (914.1Kb) -
Too Much of Two Good Things?Moberg, Kåre (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: I present an analysis of a survey in which the effect of entrepreneurship education and project-based education on students at lower secondary level is investigated. The results are based on a random sample of 2000 Danish students. The analysis indicates that entrepreneurship education has a positive effect on students’ personal development, and that its effect on entrepreneurial intentions is fully mediated by its effect on students’ self-conception. A finding with important policy implications is that there is a negative interaction effect between entrepreneurship education and project-based education regarding impact on students’ self-conception. The implication of the results is that we should replace project-based education with entrepreneurship education rather than having them run in parallel. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8515 Files in this item: 1
Moberg_SMGWP_4_2012.pdf (1.038Mb) -
Rabbiosi, Larissa (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper explores theoretical and empirical ambiguities in the literature concerning the impact of foreign subsidiary autonomy on intra-MNE knowledge transfer. We argue that understanding the interdependences between subsidiary autonomy and the use of different communication systems – e.g. person-based and electronic-based communication systems – is crucial to putting forward new insights in the debate. Based on the recent literature on strategic management, we hypothesize that the two communication systems call for different degrees of subsidiary autonomy and vice versa. Using a data set consisting of 307 dyads between foreign subsidiaries and their parent companies, we find that two distinctive configurations positively affect the extent of knowledge transfer from foreign subsidiaries to their parent companies. The first is the combination of a high degree of subsidiary autonomy and the use of person-based mechanisms, and the second is the combination of low subsidiary autonomy and the use of electronic-based mechanisms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7455 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2008-16.pdf (766.3Kb) -
Nielsen, Bo Bernhard; Nielsen, Sabina (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Nationality diversity and international experience constitute two related yet distinct sources of competence among upper echelons. While both TMT international experience and nationality diversity increases the likelihood of firms expanding outside their home region, our results show that TMTs with international experience are more likely to expand abroad via greenfield investments, whereas nationally diverse TMTs are more likely to engage in international acquisitions and joint ventures. This highlights the need to treat TMT nationality diversity and international experience as two different characteristics influencing foreign entry mode decision. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7938 Files in this item: 1
SMG WP 2009-08.pdf (316.1Kb) -
Minbaeva, Dana; Park, Chansoo; Vertinsky, Ilan (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the influence of knowledge senders’ willingness to share knowledge, their disseminative capacities and the knowledge-transfer opportunities they create on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. We develop a theoretical framework that examines the impacts of key knowledge-senders’ abilities and behaviors on the knowledge-transfer process. We test our theory using survey data collected from 199 South Korean IJVs. We find that the willingness of foreign parent firms to share knowledge is manifested in their efforts to increase their abilities to articulate and codify knowledge, and to apply those skills to the codification of knowledge relevant to their IJVs. A willingness to share knowledge also plays a role in increasing the opportunities for two-way interactions, especially face-to-face interactions between the parents and their IJVs. The impact of the abilities of foreign parent firms to articulate and codify knowledge for transfer is mediated by the efficacy of their organizational communication systems. We also find that the opportunities created for the transfer of explicit knowledge have a significant impact on such transfers. However, opportunities for transfer of tacit knowledge only have an impact when senders and receivers have similar products and technologies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8625 Files in this item: 1
Minbaeva_Park_Vertinsky_SMGWP2013_2.pdf (991.3Kb) -
Ludwig M. Lachmann’s Interpretative InstitutionalismFoss, Nicolai J.; Garzarelli, Giampaolo (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper revisits the socioeconomic theory of the Austrian School economist Ludwig M. Lachmann. By showing that the common claim that Lachmann’s idiosyncratic (read: eclectic and multidisciplinary) approach to economics entails nihilism is unfounded, it reaches the following conclusions. (1) Lachmann held a sophisticated institutional position to economics that anticipated developments in contemporary new institutional economics. (2) Lachmann’s sociological and economic reading of institutions offers insights for the problem of coordination. (3) Lachmann extends contemporary new institutional theory without simultaneously denying the policy approach of comparative institutional analysis. (90 words.) Keywords Comparative institutional analysis, coordination, expectations, institutional evolution, interpretative institutionalism. JEL Codes B31, B52, B53, D80. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7417 Files in this item: 1
wp institutions as knowledge capital.pdf (310.3Kb) -
The effect of diagnostic capability and implementation capabilityHarder, Mie (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Management innovation is the introduction of new management practices that significantly alter the way the work of management is performed. Building on behavioral theory of the firm, this paper explores the effect of firms’ diagnostic capability and implementation capability on the likelihood of adopting new‐to‐thefirm and new‐to‐the‐industry management innovations. The paper finds that formalized activities directed at developing and implementing management innovations as well as CEO novelty increases the likelihood of innovating in both categories. Also, top management team (TMT) diversity increases the likelihood of adopting new‐to‐the‐industry innovations. The paper does not find a direct effect of performance decline on the likelihood of implementing management innovation, but two variables, TMT diversity and previous experience, positively moderate the relationship between performance decline and new‐to‐the‐industry management innovation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8247 Files in this item: 1
SMG_WP_3_2011.pdf (1.199Mb) -
The Effect of Diagnostic Capability and Implementation CapabilityHarder, Mie (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper adopts a behavioral theory of the firm perspective in order to compare the antecedents of two types of innovation: Management innovation refers to the adoption of new management practices or organizational structures, whereas product innovation refers to the introduction of new products or services on the market. The study further distinguishes between two categories of innovation within each type: new to the firm and new to the industry innovations. The findings indicate that there are more differences than similarities between the antecedents of the two types of innovation. However, adopting either type of innovation increases the likelihood of simultaneously adopting the other. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8248 Files in this item: 1
SMG_WP_5_2011.pdf (393.8Kb) -
Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd; Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, Bent (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this study we discuss and empirically test the assertion that over the last two decades multinational enterprises’ (MNEs’) configuration of value-adding activities has shifted from a sparse and simple (host-home) international division of labor among the foreign affiliates to a more specialized and ‘advanced’ global value chain configuration in which MNEs locate finesliced parts of the value chain at the most efficient locations. Using data on trade flows of U.S. affiliates in 56 host countries between 1983 and 2003 we find some indications of a trend in the direction of global value chain specialization. In particular among US affiliates in developing countries the proportion of host-host, intra-firm trade has increased significantly during the observed period of time. Conversely, the proportion of host-home and inter-firm trade has diminished. We interpret this as indicating both value chain disaggregation (vertical specialization) and MNEs’ systematic exploitation of factor cost differentials across countries. We also find that the absolute levels of all types of trade flows have increased. Hence, it is the relative, and not the absolute, changes in the trade flow patterns of US affiliates that gives credibility to the global value chain assertion. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7423 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2008-24.pdf (286.7Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper is the Introductory chapter to my forthcoming book, Knowledge, Organization, and Property Rights: Selected Essays of Nicolai J Foss, to be published by Edward Elgar in 2008. It provides a brief bio-statement and then discusses and places in context the various papers in the collection. The papers in the book are listed in the Appendix. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7437 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2008-23.pdf (192.5Kb) -
Meaning, Nature, Origins, and ImplicationsFoss, Nicholai J. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Assumptions about the knowledge held by economic agents have been an integral part of the theory of economic organization since its inception. However, recent work—here called “knowledge governance”—has more explicitly highlighted knowledge as both an independent and dependent variable. Thus, a spate of work in management research and new institutional economics has highlighted dimensions such as complementarity, complexity, tacitness, and so on of knowledge assets and shown how knowledge assets, thus dimensionalized, has explanatory value with respect to economic organization. However, knowledge may also be seen as being caused by governance mechanisms and structures; specifically, incentives, allocations of decision rights, organizational structure and so on influence the search for knowledge, and the creation, sharing and integration of knowledge. More philosophically, the concern with the role of knowledge in the context of economic organization prompts a reevaluation of a number of the fundamental assumptions that are often used to guide theory-building in the economics of organization (e.g., Bayesian and game theoretical foundations). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8379 Files in this item: 1
Nicolai J Foss_SMG WP 12_2011.pdf (490.6Kb)