Browsing Working Papers (SMG) by Year Published
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The Role of Internal AntecedentsHarder, Mie (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Management innovation is the introduction of new management practices, processes, techniques or organizational structures that significantly alter the way the work of management is performed. This paper examines a particular characteristic of management innovation: i.e. pervasiveness. Based on the behavioral theory of the firm, the determinants of firms’ adoption of pervasive management innovations are explored. I find that performance shortfalls have a direct positive effect on the pervasiveness of adopted innovations. Likewise, I find a direct effect of education level, richness of internal communication and CEO novelty on pervasiveness. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8246 Files in this item: 1
SMG_WP_4_2011.pdf (357.1Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai Juul; Klein, Peter G. (, 2011)[More information][Less information]
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Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This chapter discusses entrepreneurship in the context of the RBV. What does the RBV have to say that the study of entrepreneurship may usefully draw on? And, conversely, how can entrepreneurship research further the RBV? I begin by sketching the RBV. I then discuss the relation between the RBV and entrepreneurship research, before I characterize a new research stream that has emerged over the last decade or so in the intersection of the RBV and entrepreneurship research, namely “strategic entrepreneurship.” URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8251 Files in this item: 1
SMG WP 8_2011.pdf (234.9Kb) -
Origins, Key Tenets and Research GapsFoss, Nicolai J.; Lyngsie, Jacob (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The field of strategic entrepreneurship is a fairly recent one. Its central idea is that opportunity-seeking and advantage-seeking—the former the central subject of the entrepreneurship field, the latter the central subject of the strategic management field— are processes that need to be considered jointly. The purpose of this brief chapter is to explain the emergence of SE theory field in terms of a response to research gaps in the neighboring fields of entrepreneurship and strategic management; describe the main tenets of SE theory; discuss its relations to neighboring fields; and finally describe some research gaps in extant theory, mainly focusing on the need to provide clear microfoundations for SE theory and link it to organizational design theory. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8249 Files in this item: 1
SMG WP 7_2011.pdf (278.0Kb) -
Moberg, Kåre (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Interest in entrepreneurship education is growing over the world, especially in innovation based economies, such as Denmark (GEM, 2010). However, we know rather little about the outcomes of entrepreneurship education, in particular with respect to which type of course content produces the best results (i.e. most high performing entrepreneurs) and how this affects different types of students. There is a great variety of different views in the field of research concerning the content and structure of entrepreneurship courses, but no comprehensive study has yet been done in which these competing views are clearly articulated as rivals and tested against each other. There is also a lack of programme evaluations that use control groups and have a longitudinal design (Gorman, Hanlon & King, 1997; Karlsson & Moberg, 2011; Matlay, 2008). Those that have this setup often experience methodological problems due to their conceptual framework (Krueger, 2009), or they have a view of entrepreneurship that does not take into account the advancements within research that have been made during the last decade (Sarasvathy, 2008). Thus, we clearly need to dig deeper into this field in order to create methods and models that allow us to evaluate the outcomes of different types of entrepreneurship courses. In the beginning of 2011, the Danish Foundation for Entrepreneurship – Young Enterprise initiated a research project with the aim to further our understanding of the type of impact entrepreneurship education and different educational designs have on different types of students. Two longitudinal surveys, one with a focus on elementary- and secondary-level education and one with focus on tertiary-level education, will be performed and databases with students from all levels of the Danish educational system will be created. The surveys will use entrepreneurial self-efficacy (Mauer, Neergaard & Kirketerp, 2009) as a performance indicator, but in order to generate robust results the development of new measurement tools is needed. In this paper the initial phases of this project and the research design of these two surveys will be presented. The development of a new ESE scale and the results from the pilot surveys will also be presented. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8381 Files in this item: 1
Kaare Moberg_SMG WP 14_2011.pdf (718.6Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G.; Bylund, Per L. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The study of entrepreneurship and the study of economic organizing lack contact. In fact, the modern theory of the firm virtually ignores entrepreneurship, while the literature on entrepreneurship often sees little value in the economic theory of the firm. In contrast, we argue in this chapter that entrepreneurship theory and the theory of the firm can be usefully integrated, and that doing so would improve both bodies of theory. Adding the entrepreneur to the theory of the firm provides a dynamic view that the overly static analysis of firm organizing cannot support. Moreover, adding the firm to the study of the entrepreneur provides important clues to how we can understand entrepreneurship. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8250 Files in this item: 1
SMG WP 6_2011.pdf (160.0Kb) -
A Typology and Propositions for Management Innovation ResearchHarder, Mie (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Management innovation is the implementation of a new management practice, process, technique or structure that significantly alters the way the work of management is performed. This paper presents a typology categorizing management innovation along two dimensions; radicalness and complexity. Then, the paper introduces the concept of management innovation capabilities which refers to the ability of a firm to purposefully create, extend and modify its managerial resource base to address rapidly changing environments. Drawing upon behavioral theory of the firm and the dynamic capabilities framework, the paper proposes a model of the foundations of management innovation. Propositions and implications for future research are discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8245 Files in this item: 1
SMG_WP_2_2011.pdf (471.6Kb) -
Meaning, Nature, Origins, and ImplicationsFoss, Nicholai J. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Assumptions about the knowledge held by economic agents have been an integral part of the theory of economic organization since its inception. However, recent work—here called “knowledge governance”—has more explicitly highlighted knowledge as both an independent and dependent variable. Thus, a spate of work in management research and new institutional economics has highlighted dimensions such as complementarity, complexity, tacitness, and so on of knowledge assets and shown how knowledge assets, thus dimensionalized, has explanatory value with respect to economic organization. However, knowledge may also be seen as being caused by governance mechanisms and structures; specifically, incentives, allocations of decision rights, organizational structure and so on influence the search for knowledge, and the creation, sharing and integration of knowledge. More philosophically, the concern with the role of knowledge in the context of economic organization prompts a reevaluation of a number of the fundamental assumptions that are often used to guide theory-building in the economics of organization (e.g., Bayesian and game theoretical foundations). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8379 Files in this item: 1
Nicolai J Foss_SMG WP 12_2011.pdf (490.6Kb) -
Controlling Intervention Hazards in the Network MNCFoss, Kirsten; Foss, Nicolai J.; Nell, Phillip C. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The MNC literature treats the (parent) HQ as entirely benevolent with respect to their perceived and actual intentions when they intervene at lower levels of the MNC. However, HQ may intervene in subsidiaries in ways that demotivate subsidiary employees and managers (and therefore harm value-creation). This may happen even if such intervention is benevolent in its intentions. We argue that the movement away from more traditional hierarchical forms of the MNC and towards network MNCs placed in more dynamic environments gives rise to more occasions for potentially harmful intervention by HQ. Network MNCs should therefore be particularly careful to anticipate and take precautions against “intervention hazards.” Following earlier research, we point to the role of normative integration and procedural justice, but argue that they also serve to control harmful HQ intervention (and not just subsidiary opportunism). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8380 Files in this item: 1
Kirsten Foss_SMG WP13_2011.pdf (634.1Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A concern with teams was central to early attempts to grasp the nature of the firm, but fell out of favor in later work. We encourage a return to the emphasis on teams, but argue that the idea of teams as central to the nature of the firm needs to be grounded in an appreciation of the importance of We frames and group agency. We use converging insights from evolutionary anthropology, cognitive social psychology and work on team agency to develop such a grounding, and link it to the issues of the existence and boundaries of firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8362 Files in this item: 1
Nicolai_J_Foss_SMG_2011.pdf (345.3Kb) -
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Abstract: While the extant literature on offshore outsourcing deals with this operation mode in isolation, and typically with a focus on cost effects, we address the broader question of how companies choose and use outsourcing as part of foreign operation mode development and as a contributor to internationalization. We use a case study of the Danish company SimCorp and the development of its operations in Kiev, Ukraine, to show how learning in various forms, control concerns, and relations with foreign partners may interact and build momentum for mode change. SimCorp’s experience demonstrates that outsourcing can be used proactively to promote expanded international operations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8360 Files in this item: 1
SMG WP 9_2011_Ny udg_28nov2011.pdf (144.2Kb) -
A Strategic Management Analysis on Activity‐levelØrberg Jensen, Peter D.; Petersen, Bent (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this exploratory study we look at human asset aspects of offshore outsourcing of services that over time become more advanced and strategic potent to the outsourcing firms. As a consequence, the outsourcing firms might want to internalize the operations. We focus on the ways that outsourcing firms may transfer key personnel of local service providers to whollyowned subsidiaries. We argue that a felt need for applying more powerful incentives on key personnel of the service provider ‐ to harness and empower the sourcing operation ‐ may in itself be a motive for, and key driver of, the internalization process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8242 Files in this item: 1
SMG_Working Paper_1_2011.pdf (450.7Kb) -
Insights for International Strategic ManagementBenito, Gabriel R.G.; Petersen, Bent; Welch, Lawrence S. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Companies’ choice of foreign operation modes (FOM) has been a core subject of international business studies basically from its beginning (Hymer, 1960 [1976]; Root, 1964). A halfcentury of research has brought us a set of established perspectives on companies’ foreign operation mode choices; the most important being the economics based approaches of internalisation and transaction cost theories (Anderson and Gatignon, 1986; Buckley and Casson, 1976; Hennart, 1982), evolutionary and resource based approaches (Andersen, 1997; Kogut and Zander, 1993; Madhok, 1997), institutional approaches (Kostova and Zaheer, 1999; Meyer and Peng, 2005), and process models based on learning and decision behaviour theories (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977, 2009).... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8363 Files in this item: 1
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Foss, Nicolai J.; Mahoney, Joseph T. (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Knowledge governance is characterized as a distinctive research subject, the understanding of which cuts across diverse fields in management. In particular, it represents an intersection of knowledge management, strategic management, and theories of the firm. Knowledge governance considers how deployment of governance mechanisms influences knowledge processes: sharing, retaining, and creating knowledge. We survey the papers in this volume of the special issue, and discuss the remaining research challenges. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8030 Files in this item: 1
CBS_Forskningsindberetning_SMG_250.pdf (138.6Kb) -
Foss, Nicolai J.; Klein, Peter G. (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper offers a critical perspective on Israel Kirzner’s basic analytical framework. Specifically, we characterize Kirzner’s emphasis on processes of equilibration as a departure from the causal-realist price theory developed by Menger and his nineteenth- and twentieth-century followers. In this context, we contrast Kirzner’s interpretation of entrepreneurship as discovery with a more realistic, and operationally meaningful, idea of entrepreneurship as action. Finally, we discuss an inconsistency in Kirzner’s treatment of the antecedents of entrepreneurial behavior. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8029 Files in this item: 1
CBS_Forskningsindberetning_SMG_247.pdf (249.8Kb) -
Minbaeva, Dana B.; Pedersen, Torben (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The emerging Knowledge Governance Approach asserts the need to build microfoundations grounded in individual action. Toward this goal, using the Theory of Planned Behavior, we aim to explain individual knowledge sharing behavior as being determined by the intention to share knowledge and its antecedents: attitude toward knowledge sharing, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In addition, we consider managerial interventions (governance mechanisms) that managers can employ to influence the identified antecedents and thereby govern individual knowledge sharing behavior. We test the model arrived at on a dataset collected among individuals engaged in knowledge sharing in two competing firms. Results of the LISREL analysis show that the use of rewards affects attitudes toward knowledge sharing negatively, while the use of reciprocal schemes and communication mechanisms have a positive effect on subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, respectively. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8017 Files in this item: 1
CBS_Forskningsindberetning_SMG_245.pdf (357.8Kb) -
Minbaeva, Dana B.; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Rabbiosi, Larissa (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The knowledge-based view has recently been criticized for overlooking individual-level action and interaction in favor of an over-emphasis on the firm-level capabilities. This paper seeks to respond to that criticism by providing some individual-level explanations for a collective-level phenomenon – intraorganizational knowledge transfer. We suggest that variations in individual ability, motivation and the use of interaction opportunities provided by the organization explain part of the variation found in individuallevel knowledge acquisition and use, and that this has an influence on organizational level knowledge transfer within a firm. More specifically, we find that ability and intrinsic motivation are important drivers of individual level knowledge acquisition and use, while extrinsic motivation has no impact. Furthermore, the extent to which an individual uses interaction opportunities provided by the organization influences knowledge transfer both directly and through a moderator effect with ability and person-to-person interaction. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8001 Files in this item: 1
SMGWP2010_1.pdf (278.4Kb) -
Schneider, Cédric (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper describes and analyzes the occurrence and extent of oppositions initiated against plant biotechnology patents granted by the European Patent Office (EPO). The opposition mechanism is a legal procedure that allows any third party to challenge the validity of patents awarded by the EPO. Results indicate that the opposition rate is far greater in plant biotechnology than in other emerging industries. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the empirical findings suggest that opposed patents are disproportionately those that score high on features that proxy for their “value” or “quality”. In contrast to previous findings, however, the results show that large-volume applicants are more likely to be opposed. Because the boundaries of plant biotech patents are ill-defined, large patent portfolios do not promote cooperative behavior such as licensing or settlements. The analysis rejects the hypothesis that awardees are subject to “nuisance” or “frivolous” oppositions. Instead, the opposition procedure serves as an error correction mechanism. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8220 Files in this item: 1
wp6-2010.pdf (208.9Kb) -
Benito, Gabriel R. G.; Petersen, Bent; Welch, Lawrence S. (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: An enduring characteristic of extant literature on foreign operation modes is its discrete choice approach, where companies are assumed to choose one among a small number of distinctive alternatives. In this paper we use detailed information about the operations of six Norwegian companies in three key markets (China, UK and USA) as the basis for an exploration of the extent to which, and how and why, companies combine clearly different foreign operation modes. We examine their use of foreign operation mode combinations within given value activities as well as within given countries. The study reveals that companies tend to combine modes of operation; thereby producing unique foreign operation mode “packages” for given activities and/or countries, and that the packages are liable to be modified over time – providing a potentially important optional path for international expansion. Our data show considerable variation across cases; ranging from extensive use of mode combinations to a singular focus on a specific mode of operation. The study contributes to a refinement of our understanding of the path of internationalisation, and throws up a number of awkward theoretical questions about the process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8219 Files in this item: 1
Benito_Petersen_Welch_SMG_WP_9_2010.pdf (237.6Kb) -
Bjørnskov, Christian; Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The economics of growth has shown that countries not only grow by deploying higher levels of inputs to production, but also by better allocating whatever resources are at their disposal and by introducing productivity-enhancing innovations. We proffer arguments as to why and how entrepreneurship as well institutions of liberty (i.e., economic freedom, including the rule of law, easy regulations, low taxes and limited government interference in the economy) positively impact total factor productivity (TFP): These institutions allow entrepreneurial experimentation with the combination of factors to take place at low transaction costs. We test these ideas on a unique panel data set derived from Compendia, World Bank data and the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom data. We find that while entrepreneurship positively impacts TFP, the marginal contribution of entrepreneurship to TFP is strongest in economies with substantial government activity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8174 Files in this item: 1
CBS Forskningsindberetning SMG 263.pdf (373.1Kb)