Browsing Working Papers (SMG) by Author "Pedersen, Torben"
Now showing items 1-15 of 15
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Pedersen, Torben (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
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Complementary Explanations for Subsidiary Power in Multinational CorporationsMudambi, Ram; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7472 Files in this item: 1
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A Learning PerspectiveLyles, Marjorie A.; Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, Bent (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The study explores how firms close their knowledge gaps in relation to business environments of foreign markets. Potential determinants are derived from traditional internationalization process theory as well as more recent literature on organizational learning processes, including the concept of absorptive capacity. Building on these two literature streams a conceptual model is developed and tested on a set of primary data of Danish firms and their foreign market operations. The empirical study suggests that factors considered essential in traditional internationalization process theory, such as experiential learning, explains only a very limited part of perceived knowledge gaps. When factors pertaining to the concepts of absorptive capacity and superstitious learning are added, the explanatory power improves significantly. Apparently, our understanding of firms’ internationalization processes can be enriched by insights from organizational learning literature. Key words: Internationalization, knowledge gap, absorptive capacity, superstitious learning. JEL Codes: D21, F23, M10 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7434 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 26.pdf (671.8Kb) -
Pedersen, Torben (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Subsidiary development is a multi-dimensional construct that cannot be captured just by looking at subsidiary roles, activities, etc. Three distinct dimensions of subsidiary development are identified and these are: scope of subsidiary (the breadth of activities), level of subsidiary competence (the depth of activities) and level of integration in the internal MNC-network. Birkinshaw and Hood (1998a) have in their seminal paper proposed a model where subsidiary development is determined by three factors: Headquarter assignment, dynamism of local business environment and subsidiary initiatives. This paper is the first to conduct a statistical test of this model on a large-sample data set including data of more than 2.100 subsidiaries located in seven different countries in Europe. The effect of the three determining factors on subsidiary development is tested simultaneously in a LISREL model. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7465 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 40.pdf (2.251Mb) -
An MNC Subsidiary Perspective on Knowledge OutflowsMahnke, Volker; Pedersen, Torben; Venzin, Markus (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This empirical paper explores knowledge outflow from MNC subsidiaries and its impact on the MNC performance. We develop and test hypotheses derived from literature on MNC knowledge flows integrated with the perspective of knowledge-creating, self-interested MNC subsidiaries. The hypotheses are developed using a simultaneous equation model applied to a unique dataset encompassing a German MNC, HeidelbergCement. Enablers and impediments of knowledge outflows are assessed in order to explain why subsidiaries share their knowledge with other MNC units. Implications are examined by studying the link between knowledge outflows and subsidiary performance. Our findings suggest that knowledge outflows increase a subsidiary's performance only up to a certain point and that too much knowledge sharing may be detrimental to the contributing subsidiary's performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7464 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 41.pdf (3.066Mb) -
Extending the diamond network modelGeisler Asmussen, Christian; Pedersen, Torben; Dhanaraj, Charles (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We extend the ‘centers of excellence’ concept in the multinational corporation (MNC) literature to address the diversity and the multidimensionality of subsidiary competence and link such diversity to the host country environment. Using Rugman and Verbeke’s (1993) diamond network model of competitive advantage of nations, we hypothesize the contingencies under which heterogeneity in host environments influences subsidiary competence configuration. We test our model with data from more than 2,000 subsidiaries in seven Western European countries. Our results provide new insights on the evolution of subsidiary competence and how MNCs can overcome ‘unbalanced’ national diamonds by acquiring complementary capabilities across borders. Keywords: MNC environment, subsidiary competence configuration, industrial clusters, differentiated networks, subsidiary embeddedness. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7471 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 105.pdf (815.6Kb) -
Minbaeva, Dana B.; Pedersen, Torben (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The emerging Knowledge Governance Approach asserts the need to build microfoundations grounded in individual action. Toward this goal, using the Theory of Planned Behavior, we aim to explain individual knowledge sharing behavior as being determined by the intention to share knowledge and its antecedents: attitude toward knowledge sharing, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In addition, we consider managerial interventions (governance mechanisms) that managers can employ to influence the identified antecedents and thereby govern individual knowledge sharing behavior. We test the model arrived at on a dataset collected among individuals engaged in knowledge sharing in two competing firms. Results of the LISREL analysis show that the use of rewards affects attitudes toward knowledge sharing negatively, while the use of reciprocal schemes and communication mechanisms have a positive effect on subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, respectively. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8017 Files in this item: 1
CBS_Forskningsindberetning_SMG_245.pdf (357.8Kb) -
Geisler Asmussen, Christian; Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, Bent (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The IB literature informs us of several ways to measure firms’ degree of internationalization. In this paper we make the argument that in fact none of the existing indices really measure firms’ degree of "global specialization", that is, to what extent their allocation of resources is multidomestic or global. As argued, all the existing measures may gauge a purely multidomestic firm as having a high degree of internationalization, whereas a truly global firm may be ranked low. In order to remedy this we introduce a complementary index measuring how firms are configuring their value chains – whether they are replicating value chain activities from country to country or locating them in globally specialized units in order to exploit an international division of labor. In addition to mathematical modeling and numerical examples, we examine the relevance of the new index of global specialization on data of Danish MNCs by looking at the correlation between the new global specialization index and existing indices of firms’ degree of internationalization. We find that the index is able to identify a distinct group of firms with significantly higher degrees of global value chain configuration. Key words: Internationalization, value chain, global configuration. JEL Codes: F02, F23, L22, L23 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7480 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 27.pdf (650.3Kb) -
Geisler Asmussen, Christian; Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, Bent (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The IB literature informs us of several ways to measure firms’ degree of internationalization. In this paper we make the argument that in fact none of the existing indices really measure firms’ degree of "global specialization", that is, to what extent their allocation of resources is multidomestic or global. As argued, all the existing measures may gauge a purely multidomestic firm as having a high degree of internationalization, whereas a truly global firm may be ranked low. In order to remedy this we introduce a complementary index measuring how firms are configuring their value chains – whether they are replicating value chain activities from country to country or locating them in globally specialized units in order to exploit an international division of labor. In addition to mathematical modeling and numerical examples, we examine the relevance of the new index of global specialization on data of Danish MNCs by looking at the correlation between the new global specialization index and existing indices of firms’ degree of internationalization. We find that the index is able to identify a distinct group of firms with significantly higher degrees of global value chain configuration. Key words: Internationalization, value chain, global configuration. JEL Codes: F02, F23, L22, L23 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7480 Files in this item: 1
cbs forskningsindberetning smg 27.pdf (650.3Kb) -
Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd; Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, Bent (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this study we discuss and empirically test the assertion that over the last two decades multinational enterprises’ (MNEs’) configuration of value-adding activities has shifted from a sparse and simple (host-home) international division of labor among the foreign affiliates to a more specialized and ‘advanced’ global value chain configuration in which MNEs locate finesliced parts of the value chain at the most efficient locations. Using data on trade flows of U.S. affiliates in 56 host countries between 1983 and 2003 we find some indications of a trend in the direction of global value chain specialization. In particular among US affiliates in developing countries the proportion of host-host, intra-firm trade has increased significantly during the observed period of time. Conversely, the proportion of host-home and inter-firm trade has diminished. We interpret this as indicating both value chain disaggregation (vertical specialization) and MNEs’ systematic exploitation of factor cost differentials across countries. We also find that the absolute levels of all types of trade flows have increased. Hence, it is the relative, and not the absolute, changes in the trade flow patterns of US affiliates that gives credibility to the global value chain assertion. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7423 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2008-24.pdf (286.7Kb) -
Hansen, Michael W.; Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, Bent (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper addresses the question of which implications MNC strategies have to FDI linkage effects in developing countries. Two contrasting MNC strategies reflecting an integration-responsiveness dichotomy are scrutinized as to their job effects on local linkage partners in developing countries. It is hypothesized that compared to investments undertaken by MNCs following strategies of global integration, investments of MNCs pursuing local responsiveness create more jobs but imply less job upgrading in developing countries. The hypotheses are tested on a sample of Danish MNCs with extensive investments in developing countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7468 Files in this item: 1
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Kumar, Vikas; Pedersen, Torben; Zattoni, Alessandro (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Manuscript Type: Empirical Research Question/Issue: Institutional and transaction costs theories highlight the idea that group affiliated firms outperform unaffiliated firms in emerging economies. The persistence of superior performance for group affiliated firms is, however, questioned by the fast and recent development of markets and institutions in these countries. In this article, we explore this link between firm performance and the evolution of institutional environment. Research Findings/Insights: The setting of the empirical investigation is India in the postreform era (post 1990). We test for effects of business group affiliation on firm performance over a 17 year time period from 1990 to 2006. Our findings show that (i) the performance benefits of group affiliation erode with the evolution of the institutional environment; (ii) older affiliated firms are better able to cope with institutional transition than younger affiliated firms; (iii) service-sector affiliated firms are better able to cope with institutional transition than manufacturing-sector affiliated firms. Theoretical/Academic Implications: Our findings both support the institution- and transaction costs-based theory of business groups, and extends it by incorporating a dynamic and longitudinal component. They also demonstrate – in line with recent works - that the benefits of group membership differ for different types of member firms. Practitioner/Policy Implications: The article has implications for both managers and policy makers. Managers of business groups should timely adapt their strategy to the evolution of the institutional environment. Policy makers should, instead, devote attention to the consequences of their policies because they may undermine the efficiency of large national companies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7430 Files in this item: 1
smg wp 2008-25.pdf (191.1Kb) -
Ledelsesmæssige udfordringerArlbjørn, Jan Stentoft; Wæhrens, Brian Vejrum; Johansen, John; Pedersen, Torben (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
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Abstract: Much had happened since the CEO of Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Ditlev Engel, broadcast the company’s new corporate strategy – The Will to Win 2005-2008 – from headquarters in Randers, Denmark to all Vestas employees worldwide in 2005. Vestas, the market-leading producer of high-tech wind turbines, had since a merger the year before with a Danish turbine producer experienced financial difficulties, and management was therefore replaced with fresh leadership that could bring the Danish company to new heights. With the new management came a radical reorganization and the announcement of several new strategic initiatives. As Engel stated, “These initiatives are aimed at increasing effectiveness in all areas of Vestas’s business. We will professionalize our dialogue with the customers, we will improve the quality of our products and we will be much more effective in all that we do.” 1 The charismatic CEO also argued that “by the implementation of The Will to Win, we create a new global Vestas. This work will, no doubt, be exciting and very hard. At the same time, it will require the will to change in all of us and I am confident that we at Vestas can meet this challenge.” URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7825 Files in this item: 1
SMG WP 2009-05.pdf (401.3Kb) -
Ørberg Jensen, Peter D.; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this article, we explore the idea that offshoring of services and technical work should be regarded as a dynamic process that evolves over time. Firms gradually move from offshoring of simple, standardized activities towards offshoring of advanced activities when they accumulate experience with offshoring, and this type of offshoring comes with an entirely different set of characteristics compared to traditional, cost-seeking offshoring. Based on a unique survey among the total population of firms in the eastern region of Denmark, we analyze some of the dynamics of this process through a model that incorporates two different aspects of the process of offshoring. First, we approach the question of whether to offshore and establish a baseline that investigates the determinants of firms’ participation—or lack thereof—in offshoring. Secondly, we approach the question of what to offshore and the subsequent process of offshoring, as we analyze the determinants of the offshoring of advanced, highend technical, and service activities. The findings are consistent with the notion of offshoring as a dynamic process as they show how some (cost-related) determinants play a role when firms first engage in offshoring, while rather different determinants matter for the subsequent process of offshoring of advanced activities. Although the model portrays a simplified expression of the offshoring process with two stages, the findings underpin our view that a process perspective on offshoring is a useful analytical framework. Keywords: Offshoring dynamics, and service offshoring URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7419 Files in this item: 1
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