Browsing by Title
-
Laursen, Keld (Frederiksberg, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Recent theoretical and empirical analysis in the field of economic organisation has focussed almost exclusively on identifying organisational practices and complementarities between such practices, invariant to the type of activity in question. However, this paper takes its point of departure in the observation from organisational theory that more knowledge-intensive production activities often involve higher degrees of strategic uncertainty for firms and performance ambiguity in relation to individual employees. Therefore, the “organic” or “clan” form of organisation — involving the application of “new” HRM practices — is expected to yield a higher outcome in terms of performance within knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy, as compared to other sectors. Moreover, knowledge-intensive activities are likely to require the utilisation of local knowledge to a higher degree than less knowledge-intensive activities. Given that the application of new HRM practices is one way of supporting such local knowledge, it should also for this reason be expected that the application of HRM practices are more effective for knowledge-intensive production activities. A sample of 726 Danish firms with more than 50 employees in manufacturing and private services is applied. The results show that HRM practices are more effective in influencing innovation performance when applied together, rather than when applied alone. In other words, organisational complementarities obtain. Moreover, it is shown that the application of (complementary) HRM practices is more effective in what is normally perceived to be more knowledge-intensive sectors as compared to less knowledge-intensive sectors. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7897 Files in this item: 1
DRUID_01_11.pdf (120.9Kb) -
Laursen, Keld (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Recent theoretical and empirical analysis in the field of economic organisation has focussed almost exclusively on identifying organisational practices and complementarities between such practices, invariant to the type of activity in question. However, this paper takes its point of departure in the observation from organisational theory that more knowledgeintensive production activities often involve higher degrees of strategic uncertainty for firms and performance ambiguity in relation to individual employees. Therefore, the "organic" or "clan" form of organisation — involving the application of "new" HRM practices — is expected to yield a higher outcome in terms of performance within knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy, as compared to other sectors. Moreover, knowledge-intensive activities are likely to require the utilisation of local knowledge to a higher degree than less knowledge-intensive activities. Given that the application of new HRM practices is one way of supporting such local knowledge, it should also for this reason be expected that the application of HRM practices are more effective for knowledge-intensive production activities. A sample of 726 Danish firms with more than 50 employees in manufacturing and private services is applied. The results show that HRM practices are more effective in influencing innovation performance when applied together, rather than when applied alone. In other words, organisational complementarities obtain. Moreover, it is shown that the application of (complementary) HRM practices is more effective in what is normally perceived to be more knowledge-intensive sectors as compared to less knowledge-intensive sectors. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6892 Files in this item: 1
linkwp01-16.pdf (83.45Kb) -
Laursen, Keld, Valentina Meliciani (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper introduces inter-sectoral technology-based linkages (or technological spillovers) in a empirical model of international market share dynamics. The Pavitt taxonomy is applied as a yardstick for interpreting the empirical results. In accordance with the criteria behind the taxonomy, we find upstream linkages to be more important for the determination of market shares in scale intensive and supplier dominated sectors, while downstream linkages are particularly important for specialised suppliers. We also find investment to be more important for scale intensive types of sectors, formal R&D for science based sectors, and costs for supplier dominated sectors. The results highlight that the relative importance of different sources of competitiveness differs across sectors and thus reconcile the differences in emphasis in relation to the role of technology in determining trade flows, between (a) a tradition that stresses the importance of knowledge developed in a particular sector, and (b) the so-called ‘home market hypothesis’, that points out how inter-sectoral linkages within a particular country determine trade flows from that country. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8087 Files in this item: 1
8778730805.pdf (130.7Kb) -
Laursen, Keld; Meliciani, Valentina (Frederiksberg, 1999)[More information][Less information]
-
Rent Sharing or Composition?Fosse, Henrik Barslund; Maitra, Madhura (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Offshoring firms are found to pay higher average wages than purely domestic firms. We provide a unifying empirical approach by capturing the different channels through which offshoring may explain this wage difference: (i) due to change in the composition of workers (skill composition effect) (ii) because all existing workers get higher pay (rent sharing effect). Using Danish worker-firm data we explain how much each channel contributes to higher wages. To estimate the causal effect of offshoring on wages we use China’s accession to the WTO in December 2001 - and the soon after boom in Chinese exports - as positive exogenous shocks to the incentive to offshore to China. Both skill composition and rent sharing effects are found to be important in explaining the resultant gain in wages. We also show that the firm’s timing in the offshoring process determines the relative importance of a channel. For firms offshoring to China in 2002 but not in 1999, only rent sharing explains the gain in wages. For firms offshoring to China both before and after China’s WTO accession the wage increase is explained mostly by the skill composition effect. Moreover, these patterns are not discernible from the measures of skill composition and rent sharing available in typical firm level datasets - like ratio of educated to uneducated workers and sales per employee. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8540 Files in this item: 1
Fosse_2012_2.pdf (255.2Kb) -
Lund Jensen, Rasmus; Valentin, Finn (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
-
validating new indicators by understanding patenting strategiesReitzig, Markus (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
-
voluntary versus mandatory approachesChudnovsky, Daniel; López, Andrés (København, 1999)[More information][Less information]
-
Cotta-Schønberg, Michael (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Forestillingen om det store velordnede univers, hvor kosmos regerer over kaos, og hvor alting flyder fra nogle få overordnede principper - helst eet, muligvis to - udøver stadig en mægtig fascination på menneskesindet. Med rette, naturligvis, selvom vi i det postmoderne mellemrum et øjeblik kunne komme i tvivl. Få institutioner er i lige så høj grad som biblioteker afhængige af orden og kontrol. Selve bibliotekets grundfunktion kræver minutiøs orden. En bog, der er fejlplaceret i systemet, er en tabt bog, det ved vi alle. Netop bibliotekernes historiske kompetence med henblik på at ordne informationsressourcer på måder, der gør dem lettilgængelige for brugerne, opfattes af mange som bibliotekernes billet til den kommende informationsorden. Ordning og orden med deres korrelater af kontrol og planlægning er derfor ikke tilfældige biprodukter af bibliotekernes virksomhed, men hører til selve deres væsen. Det Kongelige Bibliotek er et smukt eksempel. Tilbage til sin oprindelse var bibliotekets funktion helt afhængig af et opstillingsystem, der var forståeligt for datidens mennesker, og som blev kodificeret af Moldenhawer i begyndelsen af 1800-tallet med udgangspunkt i videnssystemet, således om det dengang tog sig ud ved universitetet i Göttingen. Behovet for en enstrenget intellektuel struktur, der kan bruges som grundplan for den fysiske opstilling af bøger er blevet mindre vigtig i edb-alderen, men den er stadig vigtig i biblioteker med åbne samlinger, og det er selvfølgelig under alle omstændigheder stadig afgørende, at bøgerne faktisk står hvor de skal. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6937 Files in this item: 1
cbsl library wp2005-001.pdf (177.0Kb) -
[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In security, as in other areas, the emergence of transnational private organizations with a central role in governance poses profound challenges to established conceptions of international politics and democracy. This paper discusses one side of this challenge by looking at accountability of private security companies (PSCs). PSCs have become authorities in their own right in the security sphere. This has raised the question of their accountability and also resulted in considerable efforts to improve the accountability of the firms. This paper looks at why these efforts bear so little fruit. It begins by pointing to the tension involved in any effort to hold an authority (private or public) accountable, namely the tension between the centrality of acceptance for authority and accountability measures that necessarily involve contestation. It then proceeds to analyse this tension in the case of PSCs. The paper argues that PSCs’ status as experts on risk and entrepreneurs of security mobilizes a favourable bias, making contestation less likely. The difficulty of seeing and/or admitting that PSCs are independent actors in turn makes contestation of their activities seem ill-directed and unnecessary. The point made in this paper that this, rather than sheer complexity or hidden political agendas, is key for understanding the present rather puzzling lack of (democratic) accountability of PSCs and its likely continuation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6985 Files in this item: 1
leander_isa07_woc-wp89.pdf (174.0Kb) -
Lage Hansen, Jakob (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: It is argued that specificity is inadequate to explain hold-up, as the definition is imprecise as to which party incurs a loss if an asset is redeployed. If both parties to a transaction incur a loss when an asset is redeployed, neither party can credibly hold up the other party. Also the concept does not address expectations. It is the expected loss (not the actual loss) of parties that will drive attempts at hold-up. Therefore focusing on specificity when talking hold-up can be misleading. As a consequence the concept of importance is introduced. The importance of an asset to a firm is the expected loss to the firm if access to the asset is lost. Various determinants of importance are discussed by using a formal framework. Implications are forwarded, and it is argued that the relative importance of the parties has to change for hold-up to occur. One-sided specific investments inherently lead to mutual importance, which mitigates hold-up. Situations without specificity can lead to hold-up if expectations are asymmetric. Lastly, hold-up does not imply a hold-up problem. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6883 Files in this item: 1
linkwp02-13.pdf (181.7Kb) -
Duguid, Paul (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
-
A Comparative Study of the Policies on Inclusion and Equity in the Circumpolar NorthBeaton, Mhairi C.; Hirshberg, Diane B.; Maxwell, Gregor R.; Spratt, Jennifer (Rovaniemi, 2019)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This book celebrates the University of the Arctic Thematic Network on Teacher Education for Social Justice and Diversity. The Network was established in Ulan Ude, Republic of Buryatia in Russia, in 2015 with six founding member organisations from Finland, Canada, Russia, Scotland and Mongolia. Led by the University of Lapland, the Network is finding its feet and gradually establishing itself. In three years, it has grown quickly and currently hosts 22 organisations that share interest in promoting social justice and resilient societies through teacher education. The Network now includes institutions from all of the eight Arctic countries as well as Scotland, Mongolia and France. The Network is in line with the Finnish Chairmanship of the Arctic Council’s priority area of education. From 2017 to 2019, the Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Working Group hosted the project ‘Teacher Education for Diversity and Equality in the Arctic’, which emphasises that teachers are the key factor in providing a quality education. To promote sustainable communities, teachers who work in the Arctic and in northern communities must be committed to their work and be inspired by the Arctic. The project has strengthened the Network of education specialists in the Arctic in cooperation with the University of the Arctic. This book is part of that project’s outcome and an excellent example of global networking. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9716 Files in this item: 1
INCLUDING THE NORTH.pdf (10.47Mb) -
Glazer, Amihai; Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We consider the effects of income redistribution when people can migrate from one country to another, and when land within each country is heterogeneous. Taxes related to income can then affect property values, and can induce migration, which further affects property values. We show that under these conditions a utilitarian government should never equalize after-tax incomes. If migration is impossible, it may even transfer income from the poor to the rich, reducing the rents earned by absentee landlords. The redistributive tax on the rich may be higher or lower when the rich can migrate than when they cannot. A Rawlsian government in the absence of mobility will equalize after-tax incomes. Under mobility, Rawlsian governments cut their taxes if and only if the relative pre-tax income of the poor is sufficiently low. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7689 Files in this item: 1
dp 2008-05.pdf (163.9Kb) -
Brian Loasby and the Theory of the FirmJ. Foss, Nicolai (København, 1997)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper begins by providing a brief overview and discussion of the modern economics of organization, concentrating in particular on the work of incomplete contract theorists. I then turn to a discussion of Loasby’s view of the firm and incomplete contracts. The point here is that while Loasby begins from the same recognition as modern incomplete theorists, that contractual incompleteness is a necessary component of a theory of the firm, the causes and consequences of contractual incompleteness are widely different. Thus, Loasby sees incompleteness as a distinct virtue because it allows for organizational learning, whereas incompleteness in the modern economics of organization is seen as a distinct problem because it opens the door to incentive conflicts. I end by speculating on how Loasby’s non-mainstream ideas on economic organization may be related to some relatively mainstream ideas about alternative gameforms and real options. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8112 Files in this item: 1
x644598939.pdf (181.6Kb) -
Sørensen, Morten (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
-
Blomgren-Hansen, Niels; Møllgaard, H. Peter (København, 1998)[More information][Less information]
-
Hardt, Daniel; Elming, Jakob (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A method is presented for incremental retraining of an SMT system, in which a local phrase table is created and incrementally updated as a file is translated and post-edited. It is shown that translation data from within the same file has higher value than other domain-specific data. In two technical domains, within-file data increases BLEU score by several full points. Furthermore, a strong recency effect is documented; nearby data within the file has greater value than more distant data. It is also shown that the value of translation data is strongly correlated with a metric defined over new occurrences of ngrams. Finally, it is argued that the incremental re-training prototype could serve as the basis for a practical system which could be interactively updated in real time in a post-editing setting. Based on the results here, such an interactive system has the potential to dramatically improve translation quality. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8272 Files in this item: 1
Hardt_Elming.pdf (201.1Kb) -
Strengthening universities’ strategic collaboration with the surrounding societyOlsson, Torben; Hjorth, Charlotte Lorentz; Yngvesson, Markus; Jönsson, Eric; Oehlmann, Johanna; Hjorth, Daniel (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This project is in line with the Scandinavian approach to the welfare state and the active, public role for stimulating and facilitating innovation (Bason, 2010). Researching this pilot effort to build an incubator for public innovation is thus not only a study of how it could be done, but also an inquiry into the role of public support for an innovative public sector (cf. Mazzucato, 2014; Ansell and Torfing, 2014; Osborne and Brown, 2013). Current societal challenges are creating pressure for the public sector to increase effectiveness and deliver better services. Many agree that the relationship between people and the public sector in general and public services in particular should be radically reshaped (Manzini and Staszowski, 2013). There has been a recent move away from new public management based approaches to public innovation (Bason, 2010). Generally this means a move towards a more collaborative (Ansell and Torfing, 2014) and symbiotic process (Mazzucato, 2014). Hartley (2013) shows there are both great overlaps between public and private innovation, and distinct differences. Notably, incentive to learn from others is less clear in the public sector where new knowledge is not an obvious driver of competitive capacity. In conclusion, research also points to the need to develop more local-specific models and approaches to innovation-support in public organisations. Beyond the triple-helix model of collaboration (Etzkowits and Leydesdorff, 2000) public innovation needs support from a local organisation that can provide the solution to the incentive problem, and feed innovation processes with organisational support. Whereas incubators have provided this support for business start-ups, developing an incubator-model for public innovation is new and timely. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9427 Files in this item: 1
Incubation for Public Innovation.pdf (2.276Mb) -
Kornum, Niels; Gyrd-Jones, Richard; Al Zagir, Nadia; Brandis, Kristine A. (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9156 Files in this item: 1
Kornum_Gyrd-Jones_AlZagir_Brandis.pdf (462.9Kb)