Browsing Law Department (LA/JUR) by Title
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A Legal Analysis of the Interface Between Public Procurement Law and State Aid LawPetersen, Cecilie Fanøe (Frederiksberg, 2018)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The Thesis investigates the interface between State aid law and public procurement law with an emphasis on analysing when the award of public contracts by contracting authorities constitutes State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU. Article 107(1) TFEU prohibits any aid granted by a Member State or through State resources in any form whatsoever which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods, in so far as it affects trade between Member States. Award of public contracts is governed by procedural rules laid down in the public procurement Directives which lay out specific rules and procedures for the award of public contracts. Furthermore, public contracts can – under specific circumstances – be awarded directly without the conduct of a tender procedure. These situations are referred to as legal direct award of contract. A contract can be legally awarded without the conduct of a tender procedure, e.g. when the value of the contract is below the thresholds set out in the Directives. Finally, situations might occur where the award of a contract directly to an economic operator falls under the scope of the procurement Directives and thus should have happened through a tender procedure. Such situations are referred to as illegal direct award of contracts. This Thesis analyses the extent to which State aid rules apply in the abovementioned situations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9614 Files in this item: 1
Cecilie Fanøe Petersen.pdf (2.863Mb) -
[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne afhandling indeholder en retsdogmatisk analyse af beskatning af derivater efter gældende dansk ret. Derivater er finansielle instrumenter, hvis værdi direkte afhænger af værdien af en eller flere underliggende aktiver. De mest kendte derivater er futures, forwardkontrakter, optioner og swaps. Derivater handles flittigt på det finansielle marked og anvendes til at hedge uønskede risici, spekulere i fremtidige markedspriser og udnytte eventuelle arbitrage muligheder. Begrebet derivater anvendes ikke i dansk skatteret. Generelt er kontrakter, der betegnes som forwardkontrakter (terminer) og optioner (aftaler om køberetter og salgsretter) omfattet af det skatteretlige begreb finansielle kontrakter. Beskatningen af finansielle kontrakter er særskilt reguleret i Kursgevinstloven og en analyse af reglernes anvendelsesområde udgør den primære del af afhandlingen. I analysen af den skatteretlige behandling af derivater analyseres to grundlæggende problemstillinger; kvalifikation og behandling. Kvalifikationen af instrumenterne og det tilhørende afkast er essentiel, eftersom den samlede skattepligtige indkomst og formue inddeles i flere indkomsttyper, som kan underlægges en differentieret skatteretlig behandling. Kvalifikationen af finansielle instrumenter følger af KGL §§ 29 og 30. Herefter er terminskontrakter, købe- og salgsretter samt strukturerede fordringer omfattet af begrebet finansielle kontrakter og derfor de særlige regler om generel lagerbeskatning. Det følger af forarbejderne, at reglerne ligeledes finder anvendelse for finansielle kontrakter, der indgår som et delelement i en samlet aftale. I den forbindelse er det vurderet hvorvidt og i givet fald hvornår, finansielle instrumenter skal kvalificeres som ét samlet instrument eller alternativt splittes op i delkomponenter. Dette skal ses i lyset af, at derivater alene eller i kombination med andre finansielle instrumenter netop kan anvendes til at duplikere afkastet på andre transaktioner. Visse typer af kontrakter er positivt undtaget efter KGL § 30 under opfyldelse af leveringskravet, kravet om ingen afståelse og ingen modgående kontrakter.1032 Generelt skal de undtagne kontrakter beskattes sammen med det underliggende aktiv. Dette er formentlig også årsagen til, at betingelserne for undtagelsen er, at den finansielle kontrakt er tæt knyttet til ejerskab af det underliggende aktiv. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8438 Files in this item: 1
Katja_Joo_Dyppel.pdf (5.943Mb) -
What Can We Learn from the Recent Deals?Savin, Andrej (Frederiksberg, 2018)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Recent years have seen a surge in the use of blockchain technologies, not least because of the increased use of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin which rely on it. While some of the generated interest can be dismissed as hype, there is little doubt that blockchain is a technology with the potential to revolutionise certain areas of law. A careful reader following the trends would have noticed that Maersk, the Danish business conglomerate, was involved with no less than three deals revolving, in one way or another, around blockchain technology Such news should intrigue the reader since adoption of experimental methods or newest IT technologies does not normally characterise the inert maritime and transport industries. We will in this short piece give an overview of the relevance of blockchain and briefly look at three different deals which Maersk concluded around the technology. We will then give an outline of potential legal problems which these and similar deals might bring. Our preliminary conclusion is that blockchain technology - in some instances at least - has the potential to disrupt the role law traditionally plays in negotiating and executing international contracts. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9648 Files in this item: 1
Savin_Blochain.pdf (86.71Kb) -
A Legal AnalysisKohli, Vishv Priya (Frederiksberg, 2018)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The study of counterfeiting and falsification of medicinal products, from a legal perspective, is a relatively new area in the EU. Specific regulations that focus on falsification of medicines came as recently as 2011. Therefore, this discipline is also new for research. There are two primary objectives of the thesis. The first is to analyse how EU law addresses counterfeiting and falsification of medicinal products, (Directive 2011/62/EU, Directive 2004/48/EC, and Regulation 608/2013) – de lege lata. The second is to analyse whether the law containing tools to combat counterfeiting and falsification of medicinal products meets the social objectives of public health (Articles 9 and 168) and consumer protection (Articles 12 and 169), as envisaged by the Treaty on the Function of the European Union. The thesis establishes that the problem of counterfeiting and falsification of medicinal products lies at the intersection of three spheres of law - IP law, Medicine law, and Criminal law. This insight provides the foundation for the understanding of the weaknesses in the legal regime that contains tools for combatting counterfeiting and falsification of medicines in the EU. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9571 Files in this item: 1
Vishv Priya Kohli.pdf (2.669Mb) -
Sandfeld Jakobsen, Søren; Nielsen, Ruth; Riis, Thomas; Savin, Andrej; Østergaard, Kim (København, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The Commission’s Green Paper on Copyright in the Knowledge Economy highlights, above all, the need for a serious research and dialogue on the future of the Information Society Directive. Although the directive had been drafted with the new technology in mind, the developments of the previous decade already show the need for a serious discussion about it. The debate about the issues pointed out in the Green Paper had begun in earnest not only on this side of the Atlantic but on the other, as well as all around the world. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7388 Files in this item: 1
wp 2009-1.pdf (439.0Kb) -
Trzaskowski, Jan (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The regulation of the telecommunication industry in Denmark is quite liberal. There are no requirements to register with national authorities when providing telecommunication services or Premium Rate Services. Only Network Operators, who want to make use of the scarce frequency resources, must register with the National IT and Telecom Agency. This liberal approach may be a contributory factor to the fact that there are no official statistics on Premium Rate Services available from public authorities. This article is structured into five parts concerning 1) Premium Rate Services in Denmark, 2) relevant actors, 3) regulation concerning Network Operators, 4) regulation concerning Content Providers, and 5) telecommunication services that are not Premium Rate Services. The proposed structure has been departed to reflect the general division of regulation concerning the Network Operator and the Content Provider, respectively. The areas covered, reflects the regulation that is relevant to those Premium Rate Services provided in Denmark. The emphasis of the article is laid on the regulation safeguarding consumers in the context of Premium Rate Services. This regulation may be grouped into regulation that: sets requirements for carrying out business as Network Operator or Content Provider, concerns which Premium Rate Service may be provided, and under which number-series or applications codes, imposes certain information requirements, ensures fair and truthful marketing of the Premium Rate Services, or allows the User to monitor his bill, limit his usage, or limits the liability in connection to unauthorised usage. Infringement of the legislation in question is mainly sanctioned by administrative or civil sanctions. The overall impression is that the Danish telecommunication industry is quite active in securing compliance with the law. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7384 Files in this item: 1
2006_prs.pdf (1.010Mb) -
ePrivacy Directive: Assessment of Transposition, Effectiveness and Compatibility with Proposed Data Protection RegulationSavin, Andrej (Brussels, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The ePrivacy Directive has been implemented in Denmark through a range of legislative instruments, beginning with the Act on Electronic Communications and Services but leading into more important Executive Order on Provision of Electronic Services and the Cookie Order. This structure could be confusing for outsiders as it involves several acts, all of which are concerned not just with one but with several directives. The use of ministerial orders can be explained by the need to introduce flexibility into the fast-changing area, but avoiding a lengthy and complicated full legislative process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9239 Files in this item: 1
Report Denmark.pdf (1.823Mb) -
I et internationalt og komparativt perspektivKoerver Schmidt, Peter (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Emnet for denne afhandling er dansk skatteretlig CFC-lovgivning. Denne form for lovgivning går kort fortalt ud på, at aktionæren i et selskab under særlige omstændigheder skal medregne en andel af selskabets indkomst til sin egen skattepligtige indkomst, selvom selskabet ikke har udloddet udbytte til aktionæren. I international sammenhæng er CFC en forkortelse for Controlled Foreign Corporation (eller Company), og som forkortelsen antyder, finder sådanne regler normalt kun anvendelse, hvis selskabet er kontrolleret af aktionæren og er hjemmehørende i udlandet. Med andre ord angår CFC-beskatning normalt indkomsten i udenlandske datterselskaber. Uden CFC-regler vil beskatningen af aktionæren normalt være udskudt til det tidspunkt, hvor det udenlandske datterselskab udlodder udbytte til aktionæren, eller hvor aktionæren afstår sin aktiepost i det udenlandske datterselskab. I andre tilfælde vil beskatning hos aktionæren slet ikke finde sted. Såfremt det land, hvori det udenlandske datterselskab er hjemmehørende, ikke beskatter datterselskabets indkomst eller kun beskatter indkomsten med en lav sats, er der således mulighed for at skatteudskydelse eller skatteundgåelse kan forekomme, hvis aktionæren indretter sig således, at indkomst oppebæres af det udenlandske datterselskab i stedet for hos aktionæren selv. Det grundlæggende formål med afhandlingen er – ved anvendelse at den retsdogmatiske metode – at analysere dansk CFC-lovgivning og praksis med henblik på at udlede gældende ret på området – de lege lata. I den forbindelse er det tillige hensigten at identificere uklarheder samt vurdere, om de danske CFCregler strider mod indgåede dobbeltbeskatningsoverenskomster eller EU-retten. Et yderligere formål med afhandlingen er at vurdere, hvorvidt dansk CFC-lovgivning kan anses for at imødekomme visse retspolitiske hensyn, og såfremt dette ikke er tilfældet at komme med alternative bud på, hvordan de danske CFC-regler med fordel kan udformes. Med andre ord har afhandlingen også haft til formål at komme med betragtninger de lege ferenda URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8928 Files in this item: 1
Peter_Koerver_Schmidt.pdf (3.955Mb) -
Bergqvist, Christian (København, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Dominerende virksomheders adgang til at indrømme deres kunder rabatter er genstand for betydelige uklarheder, bl.a. som følge af en retspraksis, der ikke på alle punkter er sammenhægende eller forenelig med ordlyden af lovgivningen. Nedenfor skal der med udgangspunkt i EU og dansk praksis, dog forsøges opstillet nogle nærmere retningslinjer. Det konkluderes dog at der eksisterer så mange uklarheder at en sammenhængende praksis ikke ubetinget kan skabes. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7389 Files in this item: 1
wp 2009-2.pdf (246.9Kb) -
Højesteret begår traktatbrud – om Højesterets dom i Ajos-sagenNielsen, Ruth; Tvarnø, Christina D. (Frederiksberg, 2017)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Den 6.12.2016 afsagde Højesteret dom i Ajos-sagen. Dommen er kontroversiel og har givet anledning til megen debat i det juridiske fagmiljø, både ved mundtlige debatarrangementer, bl.a. i Karnovs og Dansk Forening for Europarets regi, og i artikler. Nedenstående manus - Højesteret begår traktatbrud – om Højesterets dom i Ajos-sagen, der er kritisk over for højesteretsdommen, blev den 20.12.2016 sendt til Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen, men det blev den 29.12.2016 afvist af redaktørerne. I februar 2017 publicerede Ugeskriftet en artikel af Jens Kristiansen: Grænser for EU-rettens umiddelbare anvendelighed i dansk ret – Om Højesterets dom i Ajos-sagen, U 2017, B 75, der er stærkt positiv over for Højesterets dom. Der er ved at blive trykt et par artikler om dommen, se Ruth Nielsen and Christina D. Tvarnø: Danish Supreme Court infringes the EU Treaties by its ruling in the Ajos case, der vil blive trykt i ERT (Europarättsligt Tidskrift) 2017 No 2 og Mikael Rask Madsen, Henrik Palmer Olsen and Urska Sadl: Competing Supremacies and Clashing Institutional Rationalities: The Danish Supreme Court’s Decision in the Ajos Case and the National Limits of Judicial Cooperation, der vil blive trykt i European Law Journal No 1 2017. Der er yderligere artikler på vej. I betragtning af den omfattende debat, Højesterets dom har givet anledning til, finder vi, at alle, der er interesserede, bør have mulighed for at læse alle synspunkter, der har været fremsat. Vi publicerer derfor den af Ugeskriftet afviste artikel på CBSOpenAccess uden ændringer i forhold til det manus, der den 20.12.2016 blev sendt til Ugeskriftet. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9471 Files in this item: 1
2017 det afviste manus.pdf (143.4Kb) -
Skibby Supermarked-sagen versus Ajos-sagen: Hvilken højesteretsdom er udtryk for gældende ret?Nielsen, Ruth; Tvarnø, Christina D. (Frederiksberg, 2018)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Den artikel, der publiceres her, sammenligner Højesterets domme i Skibby Supermarked-sagen og Ajos-sagen. Begge sager angik private arbejdsgivere, der havde overtrådt diskriminationsforbuddet i beskæftigelsesdirektivets artikel 2, der er implementeret i forskelsbehandlingsloven. I Skibby Supermarked-sagen fastslog Højesteret, at direktivstridig handicapdiskrimination er en overtrædelse af forskelsbehandlingslovens § 2. Højesteret overholdt herved den EU-retlige pligt til EU-konform fortolkning og principperne om EU-rettens forrang for og direkte virkning i national ret. I sager mod offentlige arbejdsgivere gælder klart det samme om direktivstridig aldersdiskrimination. Højesteret anså i Ajos-sagen forskelsbehandlingsloven for uanvendelig og frifandt Ajos under henvisning til funktionærlovens daværende § 2a, stk. 3 som fortolket i højesteretspraksis. Højesteret overtrådte herved pligten til EU-konform fortolkning og principperne om forrang og direkte virkning. Højesteret og landsretterne har i en række andre sager om diskrimination overholdt EU-retten. Ajosdommen er en enkeltstående afvigelse herfra. Vores prognose er, at den heller ikke kan forventes fulgt fremover, hvorfor vi ikke anser den for gældende ret. Artiklen blev den 13.1. 2018 afvist fra publicering i Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen. Vi synes, det er vigtigt at være opmærksom på den analyse, vi foretager i artiklen, og har derfor valgt at publicere den på CBS.open.archive. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9611 Files in this item: 1
Nielsen og Tvarnø_2018.pdf (238.2Kb) -
Towards Sustainable LawyeringHøedt-Rasmussen, Inger (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The role of the lawyer is in transition and the formerly predominantly homogeneous profes-sion has become a heterogeneous group of lawyers with diverging perceptions of the lawyer’s identity and of the main characteristics of the profession. The European Union has extended the perception of democracy and the fundamental rights to include more collective rights, social concerns, global responsibility and sustainability. The dissertation’s main question is: How can the identity and competences of lawyers be developed so that they can practise sustainable and proactive lawyering in the European Union? Theoretically as well as methodologically this research constitutes an interdisciplinary study, where legal science meets sociology and social learning theories. Identity development is perceived as a reflective project; there is a range of lifestyle choices which contribute to a composed but constantly shifting maintenance of self-identity in relation to democratic principles and the ideal of justice connected to the role of lawyers. The study builds on Anthony Giddens’s structuration theory. This involves looking at how lawyers connect the questions ‘What to do?’ (societal level) and ‘How to act?’ (professional level) with ’Who to be?’ (personal level). The study depicts a European identity ideal based on legal sources while empirical data from focus groups and individual interviews makes it possible to identify six different identities among Danish practising lawyers. It is possible to recognise the following identities: lawyer-businessman, lawyer-performer, lawyer-entrepreneur, lawyer-humanist, lawyer-integrator and lawyer-statesman. The fragmentation of the profession, with greater demand for specialist knowledge, in-creased individualisation and participation in new communities of practice, requires each lawyer to reflect on their identity and establish criteria for what, when and how they will use their lawyering skills. For this to succeed, lawyers’ identities and competences will depend more on self-directed learning and individual learning plans, where the legal identity combines (global) societal responsibility with job satisfaction, authenticity and adherence to personal values. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8908 Files in this item: 1
Inger_Rasmussen.pdf (5.288Mb) -
Nielsen, Ruth (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In EU law, nationality and gender were the only equality issues on the legal agenda from the outset in 1958 and for about 40 years. Multiple discrimination was not addressed until the 1990's. The intersectionality approach which has been widely discussed outside Europe has mainly been used with a view to gendermainstreaming the fight against other kinds of discrimination (on grounds of ethnic origin, age, etc). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7385 Files in this item: 1
multiple.discrim.oslo.2006.alt.pdf (140.3Kb) -
The prohibition against misleading names in an internal market contextRørdam, Mette Ohm (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis investigates how food naming is regulated in the European Union with the aim to structure and explain the different rules regulating food naming and the interactions between the different rules, thereby clarifying de lege lata. Further, the thesis sets out to determine to what degree the Member States within the EU are free to regulate the naming of imported as well as domestically produced food, by way of legislation and/or by enforcement of the prohibition against misleading names. The interaction between the prohibition against misleading names and the obligation to mutually recognise names which have been legally used in other Member States are central in this thesis. The first part of the thesis introduces the thesis subject and provides an explanation to the approaches taken. The empirical data used for identifying practical real-life cases concerning potentially misleading names is presented. The second part of the thesis elaborates on the various EU rules in secondary law, their scope and objectives, including an examination of the rationales behind the rules based on application of economic theory. The borderlines between the rules are clarified. Part three of the thesis contains legal dogmatic analyses and discussions of the different EU rules regulating food naming. The analyses of the rules are based on practical real-life cases in which food naming has shown to be a challenging task. The difficulties addressed relate to: precision of names (the task of finding a name precise enough to provide adequate information to consumers without narrowing the product’s competitive field); product identity (difficulties in naming products that refer to specific ingredients and in which traditional ingredients have been replaced); the use of geographical names (which potentially mislead consumers) and language difficulties. In the last chapter of part three an analysis is provided of the concept of fairness and general prohibition against misleading consumers in order to clarify the criteria for applying these in real-life cases. Despite the existence of rather detailed rules on naming and labelling of food, which provides clarity in relation to food naming, the application of these rules is dependent on consumers’ expectation and potentially deception which must be assessed on a case-by-case basis, whereby the predictability of the rules is weakened. Part four of the thesis focuses on the borderlines between primary and secondary EU law and on answering the second part of the research question. Primary EU law defines the fundamental borderlines for EU law on food names and limits how food legislation can and must be applied. First part of this analysis focuses on the naming of imported food products, while the second part focuses on the naming of domestically produced food. The relevant sources of law are analysed and discussions are provided. It is concluded that the principle of mutual recognition takes precedence over the prohibition against misleading names, which prevents Member States from regulating the naming of imported food, by way of legislation and by enforcement of the prohibition against misleading names. Secondary EU law also limits how Member States can regulate the naming of domestically produced food. Part five provides the conclusion to the research question. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8670 Files in this item: 1
Mette_Ohm_Rørdam.pdf (1.743Mb) -
Roseberry, Lynn (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: On May 1 2004, 10 additional countries joined the European Union. Out of fears that the "old” member states would be swamped by cheap labour from the new member states, many of the old members chose to impose transitional rules on the mobility of labour from the new to the old member states. This report provides an analysis of the transitional rules put in place by the Danish government. What are the rules that apply to workers from the new member states compared to those that apply to workers from the old member states? How are these rules administered? And what are the social rights of workers from the new member states, e.g., in the form of access to social benefits? These are some of the questions addressed in this report. (Report in Danish). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7387 Files in this item: 1
rockwell2-1.pdf (267.3Kb) -
En skatteretlig analyse af SEL §§ 11, 11B og 11CTell, Michael (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Emnet for denne afhandling er rentefradragsbegrænsningsreglerne i selskabsskattelovens §§ 11, 11B og 11C. Selskabets valg af finansiering består grundlæggende af et valg mellem egenkapital og fremmedkapital (gæld). Valget herimellem påvirker indkomstopgørelsen forskelligt. Ved gældsfinansiering flyttes beskatningen fra selskabsniveau til investorniveau, hvorved selskabsbeskatningen kontra investorbeskatningen er afgørende for de skattemæssige incitamenter ved valget mellem egen- og fremmedkapital. En lavere beskatning af investor, eksempelvis ved en ikke-hjemmehørende investor, skaber incitament til en højere gældsandel på selskabsniveau, hvorved at indkomst flyttes til beskatning udenfor Danmark.1251 Rentefradragsbegrænsningsreglerne i SEL §§ 11, 11B og 11C skal hindre en sådan udflytning af skattetilsvar i specifikke situationer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8427 Files in this item: 1
Michael_Tel.pdf (6.612Mb) -
The Impact of Commission’s Proposed Data Protection Regulation: Appendix to Deliverable D5.1Savin, Andrej (Bruxelles, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The European Commission recently proposed a General Data Protection Regulation,1 which is meant to replace the EU Data Protection Directive2 and to thoroughly reform and modernize the EU privacy regulatory framework. The Regulation, if adopted, would introduce a number of changes, several of which would considerably alter the current privacy setting.3 First, the current Directive would be replaced with a Regulation, achieving EU-‐wide harmonization. Second, the scope of the instrument would be widened and the provisions made more precise. Third, the use of consent for data processing would be limited. Fourth, Data protection “by design” would be distinguished from data protection “by default”. Fifth, new fundamental rights would be introduced and the old ones clarified. Sixth, new rules on controllers’ and processors’ duties, on supervisory authorities and on sanctions would be introduced. Finally, the Commission would obtain significant new powers to adopt delegated acts. This appendix explores the impact that the proposed Regulation might have on interoperability of user-‐generated services.4 Since the proposed Regulation is an instrument of high complexity, only those provisions of direct relevance for the project and Work Package 5 will be analysed here. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8866 Files in this item: 1
Savin.pdf (176.9Kb) -
Treumer, Steen (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne tekst er udarbejdet i efteråret 2008 med særligt henblik på undervisningen i faget "Videregående EU-ret” på CMJ-studiet på CBS i efteråret 2008. Teksten er en videreudvikling af kapitel 2 i undertegnedes ph.d.-afhandling "Ligebehandlingsprincippet i EU’s udbudsregler”, der blev udgivet i 2000. Forslag til forbedringer er velkomne. Der indledes med en behandling af udviklingen af EU’s udbudsregler i afsnit 2, der efterfølges af en fremstilling af formålet med EU’s udbudsdirektiver i afsnit 3 og af udbudsdirektivernes grundindhold i afsnit 4. Afslutningsvis behandles national håndhævelse af udbudsreglerne i afsnit 5. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7383 Files in this item: 1
wp 2008-1.pdf (147.5Kb) -
A Legal and Theoretical Exploration of How to Regulate Unoriginal Database Contents and Possible Suggestions for ReformHerr, Robin Elizabeth (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Controversial from its inception, the European Database Directive protects unoriginal contents in contrast to the United States where there is no statutory protection. Despite this extra incentive, empirical evidence seems to indicate that database production in the European Community remains largely unchanged while that in the United States is increasing, at least in the short term. Dissatisfaction with the Directive has sparked efforts to revise database protection policy, including by the European Commission. In order to determine the best method of regulation, three factors are explored in this Ph.D. thesis: the nature of the database industry, regulatory theories emanating from economic analysis of the law and the evidence offered by the US and EC protection regimes. A major insight that emerges is that the productive potential of secondary producers, what the author terms re-users, is being undervalued in Europe. A greater emphasis on access could harness their economic potential. However, this conclusion comes with a twist based upon the American experience. A reduction in statutory protection could result in a switch to production models that emphasize access. But it could also result in models that reduce access even more than at present. In order to ensure a productive future, rigorous monitoring and regulatory adjustment is in order. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7716 Files in this item: 1
robin_herr.pdf (844.3Kb) -
Regulering i skyggen af FarumsagenDenta, Sarah Maria (Frederiksberg, 2017)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Afhandlingen redegør for, behandler og analyser den offentligretlige regulering i forhold til offentlige private partnerskaber i Danmark. I afhandlingens definition på offentlige private partnerskaber er der tre karakteristika der er helt særlige for offentlige private partnerskaber; privat finansiering, totaløkonomi og risikodeling. Ministeriet har i kommunestyrelsesloven1 §§ 41, 58 og 59 hjemmel til at fastsætte regler om kommunernes låntagning og lignende dispositioner, hvilket blandt andet omfatter leje- og leasingaftaler. Dette har ministeriet gjort med vedtagelse af lånebekendtgørelsen.2 Offentlige private partnerskaber bliver generelt i den offentlige forvaltning betragtet som lejeaftaler med den begrundelse, at der er hjemmel til dette i lånebekendtgørelsen. Denne opfattelse medfører, at OPP aftaler er omfattet af lånebekendtgørelsen § 3, stk. 1, nr. 6. Denne bestemmelse omfatter og regulerer kommunernes låntagning; ”indgåelse af aftaler, herunder leje- og leasingaftaler.” Dette betyder, at offentlige private partnerskaber er omfattet deponeringsreglen i lånebekendtgørelsen § 6. Deponeringsreglen medfører, at kommunen ved indgåelse af offentlige private partnerskaber skal deponere anlægssummen på en særskilt konto ved projektets start. Anlægssummen svarer til det beløb, som den private part ligeledes skal bruge på at bygge anlægget. Deponeringsreglen opleves af kommunerne, i henhold til en undersøgelse foretaget af Konkurrence- og Forbrugerstyrelsen, som den største barriere i forhold til indgåelse af offentlige private partnerskaber. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9476 Files in this item: 1
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