Browsing Research documents by Title
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Branding Singapore as a revitalized destinationOoi, Can-Seng (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Destination branding attempts to frame the place in a unique manner, so that it will stand out in the global tourism market. The assertion of uniqueness has become an institutionalized global practice for celebrating destination identity. The emphasis on uniqueness in the destination brand however overshadows another important but complementary strategy: the accreditation approach. This paper gives attention to the accreditation strategy while presenting the Singapore case. By looking at the newly inaugurated Formula One car races in Singapore and the soon-to-be-opened integrated resorts, this paper argues that the Singaporean authorities are actually making Singapore less unique and more similar to other places. This strategy is advantageous because these new attractions will draw the attention of the global masses and they will also accredit Singapore as vibrant, glamourous and trendy. So, this paper shows why – despite the attempt to be different – destination authorities are learning from each other and pursuing similar attractions for their destinations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8052 Files in this item: 1
47-Ooi-Familiarity_and_uniqueness.pdf (207.7Kb) -
[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Destination branding attempts to frame the place in a unique manner, so that it will stand out in the global tourism market. The assertion of uniqueness has become an institutionalized global practice for celebrating destination identity. The emphasis on uniqueness in the destination brand however overshadows another important but complementary strategy: the accreditation approach. This paper gives attention to the accreditation strategy while presenting the Singapore case. By looking at the newly inaugurated Formula One car races in Singapore and the soon-to-be-opened integrated resorts, this paper argues that the Singaporean authorities are actually making Singapore less unique and more similar to other places. This strategy is advantageous because these new attractions will draw the attention of the global masses and they will also accredit Singapore as vibrant, glamourous and trendy. So, this paper shows why – despite the attempt to be different – destination authorities are learning from each other and pursuing similar attractions for their destinations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7952 Files in this item: 1
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Evidence from CEO TransitionsBennedsen, Morten; Nielsen, Kasper (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Economists have long acknowledged that the structure of the family (number of offspring, marital status, etc.) plays a crucial role in important economic decisions (e.g., labor supply, demand patterns, portfolio choice, educational attainment). In this paper we investigate the link between family structure and corporate decisions of family firms. Even though there is considerable anecdotal evidence on this link, there is no systematic study. This paper fills this gap. To this end, we assembled a unique dataset with accounting information from 1995 to 2002 of the universe of privately held firms in Denmark. Our dataset includes the family trees of the owners as well as personal information about all family members. This information allows us to identify family firms among privately held firms. We find that, using a 50% definition of control, 89% of privately held firms are family firms. We focus on the decision whether to choose a family member or an outsider as the next CEO. We show that the larger the pool of potential heirs, the higher the probability of family transition. Also we document that this probability is significantly lower when all offspring are female. Finally, family conflicts (proxied by divorce or multiple marriages) reduce the probability of family transition. In a robustness check we show that there is a causal effect from family structure to corporate decisions. We do this by instrumentimg the number of children with sibling sex composition and by restricting the sample to one in which founders had their last child years before founding the firm. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7631 Files in this item: 1
wpec032004.pdf (354.0Kb) -
Entrepreneuring in Africa’s Emerging Fashion IndustryLangevang, Thilde (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A vibrant fashion scene is emerging in Africa, spearheaded by a new generation of young fashion designers. Drawing on a multi - sited study of Ghanaian, Ugandan and Zambian female designers, this article examines the emerging fashi on industry as a site for entrepreneuring where people’s aspirations to bring about personal, cu ltural and socio - economic development converge. The paper reveals how fashion designers envision their endeavours as pathways for pursuing their passion, for changing the associations ascribed to ‘Africanness’, and for revitalising failing clothing industries. The paper proposes that while th e emerging character of the industry creates uncertainty and many obstacles for running viable businesses, fashion designers remain enthused by narratives about the industry’s future prospects. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9333 Files in this item: 1
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Moeran, Brian (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article is about international women’s fashion magazines―specifically Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, Marie Claire and Vogue―and the part they play in creating and sustaining the fashion industry as a system of magic. That it is indeed a system may be seen in the fact that, as with other systems of magic, the fashion industry makes use of magicians, magical rites, and magical representations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9270 Files in this item: 1
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Skov, Lise; Skjold, Else; Moeran, Brian; Larsen, Frederik; Csaba, Fabian F. (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Not so many years ago, the fashion industry was called a ‘sunset industry’, and was deemed to have no future in the most developed countries. But recently, the New York Times has suggested that ‘the sun never sets on the runway’ (Wilson, 2008). Under this heading the article described the diffusion of fashion week organizations, with accompanying fashion shows, that are no longer limited to a handful of fashion capitals, but are spreading to small-country capitals and medium-sized cities all around the world. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7943 Files in this item: 1
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Non-linearity and Absorptive CapacityChen, Taotao; Kokko, Ari; Tingvall, Patrik Gustavsson (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Using a fixed effect variance decomposition model, we estimate SUR models to analyze FDI spillovers from contagion and spillovers from competition on local firms in China. While the former type of spillover mainly depends on the degree of foreign presence in the local industry, the latter kind is related to how foreign and local firms interact. The main conclusion is that FDI has been beneficial for the Chinese economy, but that spillovers are not evenly distributed across firms and industries. Spillovers from contagion tend to exhibit an inverse U-shaped pattern with respect to the degree of foreign presence at the industry level, whereas spillovers from competition are more linear with respect to the level of technological sophistication of foreign firms. Industries with high absorptive capacity and/or high efficiency are the ones best equipped to take advantage of spillovers from foreign-owned firms. Moreover, there are signs of substantial competition between foreign-owned firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8033 Files in this item: 1
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Ghosh, Maitri; Roy, Saikat Sinha (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Using firm-level data, this paper investigates whether Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and hence Multinational Enterprise (MNE) presence, explains India’s improved export performance during post-reforms. The recent literature stresses that firm heterogeneity gives some firms an edge over others to self select into export market. Apart from ownership, this paper takes into account firm heterogeneity and various other firm-specific factors while understanding firm-level export performance. Hausman-Taylor estimation results show that foreign ownership does not have significantly different impact on export performance over domestic firms across sectors in Indian manufacturing. Rather firms acquire internationally competitiveness from imported raw materials, foreign technical know-how and local R&D. Further, firm heterogeneity measured in terms of sunk costs significantly impacts on firm-level export intensity. The study further reveals that there are ownership specific factors that determine firm-level exports. The results have significant implications for policy in order to attain international competitiveness of firms in India. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9292 Files in this item: 1
CDP-57.pdf (475.2Kb) -
Substitutes or Complements? Exploring the Indian Experience NanditaDasgupta, Nandita (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The recent phenomenon of rising outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) flows has raised serious policy concerns about its effects on the domestic investment and capital formation in the countries of origin of such FDI flows. Does OFDI stimulate domestic investment or does it crowd it out? The concern arises because OFDI activities could shift not only some of the production activities from home to foreign destinations but also could possibly threaten the availability of scarce financial resources at home by allocating resources abroad. All this have the potential to reduce domestic investment, thus lowering the long run sustainable economic growth and employment of the home economies. The central goal of this paper is to empirically explore the evidence of the macroeconomic relationship between OFDI and levels of domestic capital formation in India. Our study reveals that OFDI has long run strong positive causality with domestic investment and thus figures out to be a significant factor affecting domestic investment in India. It becomes imperative therefore that the nation make special effort to promote its OFDI through the designing of appropriate OFDI policies that would help stimulate its domestic investment now and in the future so as to sustain economic growth and development in the long run. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9294 Files in this item: 1
CPD-59.pdf (437.8Kb) -
evidence from ArgentinaNarula, Rajneesh; Marin, Anabel (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: It is nowadays generally accepted that inward foreign direct investment (FDI) is crucial as a source of technological spillovers. One of the objectives of this paper is to review the evidence on the quantity and quality of human capital employed by domestic and foreign firms. We examine whether spillovers accrue from MNE activity, and provide a preliminary understanding of why MNE spillovers remain somewhat ambiguous, particularly in developing countries, paying particular attention to human capital development. Our analysis is supported by data from the Innovation Survey in Argentina. On the whole, MNE subsidiaries hired more professionals than domestic firms of the same size, possessed a more skilled labour force overall, and spent more on training than similar domestic firms. Subsidiaries in Argentina effectively have a higher labour productivity and pay higher wages. Yet, in terms of knowledge creation and utilisation, there was little to differentiate affiliates from domestic firms. While there is little evidence of widespread FDI spillovers, where spillovers did occur, it was where domestic firms demonstrated high investment in absorptive capacities. Our analysis also suggests that much of MNE activity - particularly after liberalisation - has been of the kind that by definition has limited opportunities for linkages and spillovers. These are activities in which MNEs may simply be able to generate economic rent from their superior knowledge of markets, and their ability to efficiently utilise their multinational network of affiliates. These assets are not generally easily spilled over to domestic firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6593 Files in this item: 1
narula marin 2003-016.pdf (382.4Kb) -
Some Lessons from United States Constitutional HistorySweeney, Richard J. (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A constitution is more likely to be accepted if it federalizes those issues that are widely seen as needing complete harmonization. A constitution is more likely to endure if the federal government does not have powers that are not vital to it but which may alienate some member states to the point that the federal government loses legitimacy. It appears vital to have trade policy at the European Union level; for euro countries, monetary policy is already federalized. It is not clear that common foreign and defense policies are needed; insisting on common foreign and defense policies may lead to conflicts within and across member states that severely weaken the Union, conceivably contributing to eventual collapse. Insisting on harmonization of commercial codes does not have the destructive potential of attempting completely to harmonize defense and foreign policies; it may, however, lead to needless conflict that helps drain the reservoir of goodwill that the European Union will need for dealing with other conflicts amongst member states. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6787 Files in this item: 1
wplefic092003.pdf (442.7Kb) -
Uldam, Julie (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the wake of increasing disillusion with the potential of alternative online media for providing social movements with a virtual space for self-representation and visibility (Atton, 2002; Downing, 2001; Rodriguez, 2001) activists have been adopting online social media into their media practices. With their popular appeal and multimodal affordances social media such as YouTube and Facebook have reinvigorated hopes for the potential of the internet for providing social movements such as the Global Justice Movement, which is often misrepresented as a homogeneous and in a negative light in the mass media (Gamson and Wolfsfeld, 1993; Juris, 2008), with new possibilities for promoting self-representations to wider publics – beyond the echo chambers of alternative media (Cammaerts, 2007; Sunstein, 2001). In the mediation of institutional politics the increasing use of popular online spaces has brought about the term ’YouTube‐ification of Politics’ (Turnsek and Jankowski, 2008). However, two challenges remain: the first relates to fragmentation – the internet’s properties as a ‘pull-medium’ is argued to merely connect likeminded users (Cammaerts, 2007: 138). The second relates to ’lazy politics’ – the internet’s ephemeral properties are argued to facilitate brief participation in single-issue campaigns that fails to foster political engagement (Fenton, 2008a: 52). This thesis focuses on the latter. It addresses the possibilities of popular online spaces for fostering collective solidarity and political engagement in social movement organisations. It explores how these possibilities are played out in the online arena of popular sites employed by the two London-based social movement organisations: the World Development Movement (WDM) and War on Want. Drawing on the cases of WDM and War on Want, the thesis addresses three dimensions of these practices, exploring (1) rationales for using popular online spaces to promote the SMO agenda; (2) the social movement organisations’ online campaigns; and (3) members’ identifications with the campaigns through discourse analysis and interviews with SMO directors, campaign, outreach and web officers as well as SMO members. It is by analysing how SMOs use different online spaces as locations for strategic framing and the formation of political identities that we can begin to study how the internet may contribute to an agonistic public sphere where also voices of dissent are heard. The thesis is based on Mouffe’s understanding of politics and the political as grounded in discourse but also based on a view of political engagement as conflictual, affective and sometimes irrational (Cammaerts, 2007; Fenton, 2009; Mouffe, 2005). Even though this does not mean that SMOs do not apply rational considerations in planning their strategic agendas for public visibility and legitimacy, it does mean that the study of these considerations need to take into account this dual character of political discourse as both rational and affective (Hajer and Versteeg, 2005). Therefore, we need to consider instrumental and affective issues to understand the relationship between strategic protest and the underlying dynamics of intragroup commitment (Griggs and Howarth, 2002; Snow et al., 1986) – the interconnections between strategy and identity, external resonance and internal commitment. In this way, the democratic potentialities of the internet can be seen as not only related to the ways in which SMOs communicate their agenda but also to potentialities for forging political identities and commitment (Fenton, 2008a). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8211 Files in this item: 1
Julie_Uldam.pdf (6.193Mb) -
Moeran, Brian (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This working paper examines the field of Japanese publishing through a single event – the Tokyo International Book Fair – and analyses the part played by the three main players in the publishing industry: publishing houses, wholesale distributors, and bookstores and other retail outlets. It argues that the mutual relationships between the three are supported by two structural factors, the consignment sales and resale price maintenance (RPM) systems, before comparing the latter with the Net Book Agreement (NBA) that operated in the UK publishing industry for almost the whole of the 20th century. In conclusion, taking into account the rise of Internet retailing and the growth of Japanese chain retail stores, it tries to looks at what effect the abolition of RPM might have on the field of Japanese publishing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8051 Files in this item: 1
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a cross-cultural comparison of ELLEMoeran, Brian (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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advertising social organisation in JapanMoeran, Brian (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
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Design af levende billeder i film og tv-serierWille, Jakob Ion (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Ph.d.-afhandlingen Film som Design undersøger, beskriver og kortlægger design og designerens arbejde i filmens og det levende billedes verden for på den baggrund at bidrage med indsigter i og foreslå analytisk håndtering af det, der bredt forstås ved det levende billedes design. Generelt behandler filmens teorier det levnende billedes stil og design som en reaktion på filmens eller tvseriens dominerende narrativ. Omvendt opfatter designtænkningen generelt filmens eller tv-seriens design som repræsentation af designartefakter. Mens disse forståelser i og for sig er rimelige, udtrykker de også en begrænset indsigt i filmisk design. Det primære mål for afhandlingen er derfor at udvide forståelsen og betydningen af design i den filmiske produktion og det filmiske værk. Dette sker gennem empiriske studier af film- og tv-produktioner og ved at overføre begreber og metodeforståelse fra designverdenen til filmens verden. Der tages på den måde hovedsageligt udgangspunkt i eksisterende filmvidenskabelig og designfaglig teori, der søges appliceret på filmens design for på den bagrund 1) at formidle og udvikle ny viden om området og foreslå anvendelsesorienteret metode til analytisk arbejde med dette samt 2) at revurdere og evt. revidere opfattelsen af designets betydning for skabelsen af det filmiske værk. På den måde tydeliggøres på den ene side designeren og designets betydning for skabelsen og oplevelsen af det visuelle værk, mens denne forståelse på den anden side søges instrumentaliseret i både praktisk anvendelsesorienteret og analytisk metode. For at differentiere sig fra mere kontekstorienterede diskurser arbejdes der i afhandlingen hovedsagligt med en formalistisk forståelse af det levende billede, inspireret af en poetik, hvor det levende billedes design primært opfattes som et resultat af kunstneriske eller designmæssige valg. Implicit i denne forestilling findes samtidig idéen om designeren som væsentlig medskaber (eller demiurg) af filmen eller tv-seriens fiktive univers. Disse og andre forestillinger fremstillet i afhandlingen sandsynliggøres gennem et empirisk materiale, der blandt andet indeholder studier af designarbejdet i så forskellige film som Lars von Triers Melancholia (2011) og Steven Spielbergs Minority Report (2001). Dertil bygger afhandlingen blandt andet på eksempler fra danske og internationale tv-serier samt på erfaringer fra et eksperimenterende samarbejde mellem manuskript- og producerelever fra Den Danske Filmskole, studerende fra Det Danske Kunstakademis Skole for Design og Danmarks Radio, TV-DRAMA. Endelig trækker afhandlingen på en bred vifte af eksempler på filmisk design fra det vestlige korpus af klassiske film fra George Méliès Le voyage à travers l’impossible (1904) til Stanley Kubricks 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9106 Files in this item: 1
Jakob Ion Wille.pdf (16.57Mb) -
AddendumGarcía-Martínez, Mercedes; Carl, Michael; Mesa-Lao, Bartolomé; Alabau, Vicent; Ortíz-Martínez, Daniel; Koehn, Philipp (Edinburgh, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This document is an extension of D5.4 as suggested in the second review report. It contains de- tails about the implementation of the nal prototype of the casmacat workbench and outlines the improvements of the workbench with respect of the previous deliverable 5.4. The objective of WP5 is to integrate the translation system and user interface and to develop the casmacat workbench. This deliverable shows the functional components of the workbench and describes their interaction possibilities in the last casmacat prototype. It also describes the most recent additions to the workbench. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9057 Files in this item: 1
Michael Carl_d5.5.pdf (1.100Mb) -
García-Martínez, Mercedes; Cheung Petersen, Dan; Tsoukala, Chara; Alabau, Vicent; Ortíz-Martínez, Daniel; Koehn, Philipp; Carl, Michael (Edinburgh, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This document contains details about the implementation of the 3rd prototype of the casmacat workbench as well as the CRITT Translation Process Research Database (TPR-DB). It outlines the improvements of the workbench respect of the previous Deliverable 5.3. This deliverable will be updated in month 36 of the project with further improvements. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9056 Files in this item: 1
Michael Carl_d5.4.pdf (1.965Mb) -
Carl, Michael; García-Martínez, Mercedes; Hill, Robin; Keller, Frank; Mesa-Lao, Bartolomé; Schaeffer, Moritz (Edinburgh, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: D1.3 marks the final CASMACAT report on user interface studies, cognitive and user modelling covering the completion of tasks T1.5 (Cognitive Modelling) and T1.6 (User Modelling) as part of Work Package 1. Within tasks T1.1 to T1.4, a series of experiments have established a solid understanding of human behaviour in computer-aided translation, focusing on the use of visualization options, different translation modalities, individual differences in translation production, translator types and translation/postediting styles. Additionally, the bulk of this experimental data has been released as a publicly available database under a creative common license and further details on this can be found in D1.4. In parallel to these more holistic studies, a second set of experiments aimed to examine some of these factors in a constrained laboratory setting. These focused on the underlying psycholinguistic processing and cognitive modelling of translators’ activity to capture reading difficulty, verification and perplexity during translation and post-editing. This deliverable combines these earlier empirical findings with experiments conducted in Year 3 of the project and grounds translation within a broader theoretical framework associated with human sentence processing and communication. As well as broadening our general understanding of bilingual cognitive processing, there were two major objectives behind the experimental investigations in Year 3. The first was to evaluate the utility of providing translators with Source-Target word alignment information through spatially-direct visual cues. The second was to determine what, if any, differences arise from expertise by comparing the results between a group of bilinguals and a group of professionally trained translators on the same translation-related tasks. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9059 Files in this item: 1
Michael Carl_d1.3.pdf (2.686Mb) -
The Implications for Whole Farm Risk ManagementFriis Pedersen, Michael (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis analyzes the institutional framework around risk management in Danish agriculture, with the two main sectors, the hog and the dairy sector in mind, and it suggests a new more active role for the cooperatives in these sectors, with regard to the reallocation of price risk among members. The thesis consists of a general introduction, three linked but independent and self-contained papers and a conclusion. The first paper introduces a measure of credit capacity using Data Envelopment Analysis. This is a novel application of a well-known methodology from production economics on financial issues. The paper was motivated by the fact that most literature on risk management explains the rationale for risk management activities such as hedging, with increased ability to obtain finance via debt. However, no hedging had been performed on the output side for Danish pig or dairy farms, while access to debt capital seemed abundant. It seemed that farmers may have been thinking “Why hedge, if you can borrow?” The perception of the abundant availability of liquidity in the form of credit reserves may have been an explanation for the absence of other risk management activities in the sectors and why a measure and empirical analysis of the development in credit capacity was needed. However, existing measures of access to credit had focused on the dichotomous question of whether firms are financially constrained or not, while the relative unconstrainedness of firms (farms) would have explained the absence of risk management. An analysis of some 92,000 farm accounts from 1996 to 2009 found that access to credit roughly doubled during the period. This may have been an important explaining factor for the (absent) development of risk management institutions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8817 Files in this item: 1
Michael Friis Pedersen.pdf (1.612Mb)