Working Papers (INO) Titler
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Approaches to Knowledge Management PracticeSanchez, Ron (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper explains two fundamental approaches to knowledge management. The tacit knowledge approach emphasizes understanding the kinds of knowledge that individuals in an organization have, moving people to transfer knowledge within an organization, and managing key individuals as knowledge creators and carriers. By contrast, the explicit knowledge approach emphasizes processes for articulating knowledge held by individuals, the design of organizational approaches for creating new knowledge, and the development of systems (including information systems) to disseminate articulated knowledge within an organization. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both approaches to knowledge management are summarized. A synthesis of tacit and knowledge management approaches is recommended to create a hybrid design for the knowledge management practices in a given organization. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7224 Filer i denne post: 1
wp04-01.pdf (147.0Kb) -
The Effects of International Trade Fairs, Conventions and Other Professional GatheringsMaskell, Peter; Bathelt, Harald; Malmberg, Anders (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Business people and professionals regularly come together at conventions, congresses, conferences, trade fairs and exhibitions. Here, their latest and most advanced findings, inventions and products are revealed and evaluated by peers and competitors, as well as by customers and suppliers. Organising or participating in such events are means to identify the current market frontier, take stock of relative competitive positions and form future plans. These events exhibit many of the characteristics ascribed to permanent clusters, albeit in a temporary, periodic and intensified form. The temporary clusters are hotspots of intense knowledge exchange, network building and idea generation. In investigating the extent and nature of these phenomena, the present paper explores a number of issues. First, it shows that international trade fairs and other professional gatherings are events which enable firms to compare their own products with others which are available to the world market. Comparisons to and interactions with other firms stimulate processes of knowledge creation. Second, it demonstrates how trade fairs are important for firms when selecting partners with whom to develop global pipelines, enabling access to distant markets and technologies. Third, it compares such temporary clusters with permanent territorial hubs within their respective sector or industry. If regular participation in temporary clusters could satisfy a firm’s need to learn through interaction with suppliers, customers, peers and rivals, why is the phenomenon of permanent clustering so pervasive? The answer, it is claimed, lies in the restrictions imposed on economic activity when knowledge and ideas are transformed into valuable products and services. The paper sheds new light on how interaction among firms in current clusters coincides with the configuration of knowledge-intensive pipelines out of the cluster. It examines the procedures selected by firms in developing ideas or gaining access to new knowledge and compares these organisational forms to those chosen when using knowledge for commercial purposes. Keywords: economic geography, knowledge creation, clusters, temporary clusters, trade fairs, conventions, pipelines JEL-codes: D83, L22, O17, O18, R12 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7222 Filer i denne post: 1
2004-04.pdf (1.004Mb) -
An Application to Residual Income Based Measures like Economic Value AddedSloof, Randolph; Van Praag, Mirjam (Amsterdam, 2014)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Distorted performance measures in compensation contracts elicit suboptimal behavioral responses that may even prove to be dysfunctional (gaming). This paper applies the empirical test developed by Courty and Marschke (2008) to detect whether the widely used class of Residual Income based performance measures —such as Economic Value Added (EVA)— is distorted, leading to unintended agent behavior. The paper uses a difference-in-differences approach to account for changes in economic circumstances and the self-selection of firms using EVA. Our findings indicate that EVA is a distorted performance measure that elicits the gaming response. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8962 Filer i denne post: 1
Sloof og Van Praag.pdf (312.9Kb) -
suppressing margins and entrepreneurshipFoss, Kirsten; Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 2000)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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an introduction to themes and contributionsFoss, Nikolaj Juul (København, 1998)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Lessons from the Danish and Portuguese ExperiencesGu, Grace (Weishi); Malik, Samreen; Pozzoli, Dario; Rocha, Vera (Bonn, 2016)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We study how the skill distribution for an economy responds to changes in the skill premium induced by trade integration. Using administrative data for Denmark (1993-2012) and Portugal (1993-2011), we conduct a two-step analysis. In the first step we predict the skill premium changes which are triggered by exogenous trade shocks. In the second step we estimate the impact of such changes on the skill distribution. The main results for Denmark show that both the average and the standard deviation of skills increase as a result of trade integration. For Portugal we find instead that the impact of trade mediated by skill premium changes is negligible and not statistically significant. We provide a theoretical intuition to rationalize both sets of results. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9348 Filer i denne post: 1
dp10035.pdf (782.0Kb) -
The Role of Sources of Subsidiary Knowledge and Organizational ContextFoss, Nicolai Juul; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2000)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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Foss, Nicolai Juul (København, 1997)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
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The personal attributes of innovative users in the case of computer-controlled musicJeppesen, Lars Bo; Frederiksen, Lars (København, 2004)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Studies of the sources of innovations have recognized that many innovations are developed by users. However, the fact that firms employ communities of users to strengthen their innovation process has not yet received much attention. In firm-established user communities users freely reveal innovations to a firm’s product platform, which in turn puts the firm in a favorable position (a) because these new product features become available to all users by sharing on a user-to-user basis, or (b) because it allows the firm to pick up the innovations and integrate them in future products and then benefit by selling them to all users. We study the key personal attributes of the individuals responsible for innovations and the creation of value in this organizational context, namely the innovative users, to explain why firm-established user communities work. Analyzing data derived from a web-based questionnaire generating 442 answers we find that innovative users are likely to be (i) hobbyists, an attribute that can be assumed to affect innovators’ willingness to share innovations (positively), and (ii) responsive to "firm-recognition" as a motivating factor for undertaking innovation, which explains their decision to join the firm’s domain. In agreement with earlier studies we also find that innovative users are likely to be "lead users", an attribute that we assume to affect the quality of user innovation. Whether or not a firm-established user community can be turned into an asset for the firm is to a great extent conditioned by the issues studied in this paper. Keywords: Innovation, User community, User Characteristics JEL code(s): L21; L23; O31; O32 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7218 Filer i denne post: 1
wp04-02.pdf (299.5Kb) -
The consequences of shying awayClaussen, Jörg; Czibor, Eszter; Van Praag, Mirjam (Frederiksberg, 2015)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The underrepresentation of women at the top of hierarchies is often explained by gender di erences in preferences. We nd support for this claim by analyzing a large dataset from an online card game community, a stylized yet natural setting characterized by self-selection into an uncertain, competitive and male-dominated environment. We observe gender di erences in playing behavior consistent with women being more averse towards risk and competition. Moreover, we demonstrate how \shying away" makes female players less successful: despite no gender gap in playing skills, women accumulate lower scores than men due to their relative avoidance of risky and competitive situations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9259 Filer i denne post: 1
WP_Claussen_Czibor_vanPraag.pdf (1.588Mb)
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